特朗普创建太空司令部，即将启动新的服务部门 [美国媒体]

Trump Creates Space Command, NearsLaunching New Service Branch

特朗普创建太空司令部，即将启动新的服务部门



A decommissioned space shuttle at NASAMission Control Center in Cape Canaveral, Fla. President Donald Trumpinstructed the Pentagon to begin plans for directing staff and resources to aU.S. Space Command.FLICKR VISION/GETTY IMAGES

位于佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角国家航空航天局任务控制中心的退役航天飞机。唐纳德·特朗普总统指示五角大楼，开始制定计划向美国太空司令部分配人员和资源。弗里克视觉/ GETTY图片社

PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP on Tuesday tooksteps to launch a new major military headquarters to oversee operations inspace, preceding what his administration expects will be the creation of themilitary's first new service branch in more than 70 years.

周二，唐纳德·特朗普总统采取措施启动建立一个新的主要军事司令部，以监督太空行动，此前其政府预计，将建立军队七十多年来的第一个新的服务部门。

In a memorandum, Trump stood up U.S. SpaceCommand as the Defense Department's 11th combatant command and instructed thePentagon to begin plans for directing staff and resources to it. The newcommand will join others that govern military operations in regions of theworld, like U.S. Central Command for the Middle East or the recently renamed U.S.Indo-Pacific Command for the Pacific Rim and East Asia. Other commands managemilitary specialities, like U.S. Special Operations Command for elite commandounits or U.S. Strategic Command, which oversees America's nuclear arsenal amongother forms of deterrence and until Trump's order was largely responsible forspace.

在一份备忘录中，特朗普将美国太空司令部作为国防部的第十一个作战司令部，并指示五角大楼开始制定计划向其提供人员和资源。新的司令部将与其他司令部一起，管辖世界各地区的军事行动，如美国在中东地区的中央司令部，或如最近更名的美国环太平洋和东亚印度太平洋司令部。其他司令部则管理专项军事事务，如美国特种作战司令部管理精英突击部队，或如美国战略司令部，该司令部除其他形式的威慑外，还监管着美国的核武库，以及主要太空军事事务，直到特朗普命令成立新的太空司令部。

The move comes ahead of theadministration's plan to create a space force as a new branch of the armedforces, like the Army or Navy. Such a step would require congressional approval,and Vice President Mike Pence said Tuesday the administration expects tocomplete that task before the next presidential election.

建立新的司令部这一举措先于政府欲建立一支太空部队的计划，该计划是要成立武装部队的一个新军种，与陆军或海军平级。副总统迈克·彭斯星期二表示，这一步骤需要国会的批准，政府希望在下一次总统大选之前完成这项任务。

In remarks at the Kennedy Space Center inFlorida, Pence left no room for misinterpreting how the U.S. plans to keep the73 trillion cubic miles of useable space that surround the Earth as a peacefulcommons.

在佛罗里达州肯尼迪航天中心的讲话中，彭斯没有留下任何空间，来给人误解美国将要如何把地球周围73万亿立方英里的可用空间作为和平共享空间。

"As the president said, and as you allwell know, space is, in his words, 'a warfighting domain,'" Pence told anaudience of top NASA and Air Force officials, including Secretary HeatherWilson, Joint Chiefs of Staff Vice Chairman Gen. Paul Selva and others from thebranch's 45th Space Wing.

“正如总统所言，而且你们也都知道，用他的话来讲，太空就是‘一个作战领域’”，彭斯对美国航空航天局和空军高级官员们表示，包括国务卿希瑟·威尔逊、参谋长联席会议副主席保罗·塞尔瓦将军，以及来自第45太空联队的其他人。

Military officials have grappled with howto protect U.S. interests and plan for potential conflict in space, which hasbecome increasingly crowded in recent decades as more countries expand theirambitions beyond the Earth's atmosphere. Gen. David Goldfein, the Air Force'stop officer and reportedly a contender to be the next Joint Chiefs chairman,initially expressed concern last year about referring to space as a"warfighting domain" – employing aterm of art the military uses to describe places where conflict occurs alsorisks having countries like Russia or China interpret U.S. policy as a call toa new arms race or conflict in the heavens.

军方官员一直在努力解决如何保护美国利益，并为化解潜在的太空冲突制定规划。随着越来越多的国家将其野心扩展到地球大气层以外，太空冲突在最近几十年变得越来越频繁。据报道，美国空军高级军官大卫·戈德费恩将军是下一任参谋长联席会议主席的有力竞争者。去年，他一开始对把太空称为“作战领域”表示担忧——即用一个军事术语来描述发生冲突的地方，同时也有可能让像俄罗斯或中国这样的国家，将美国的政策解读为一场新的军备竞赛或太空冲突。

Goldfein prioritized space issues duringhis first meeting with Trump in January 2017.

戈德费恩在2017年1月与特朗普的第一次会面时，就将太空问题列为优先事项。

Exactly what responsibilities a space forcewould oversee also remains unclear. A U.S. Space Command existed from 1985 to2002, though some analysis, including from within the Defense Department,suggests the newest incarnation would be significantly different.

太空部队将肩负什么样的职责尚不清楚。从1985年到2002年，美国太空司令部已经存在，尽管一些分析，包括国防部内部的分析，表明最新的职责范围会有很大不同。

Military officials are quick to say that aconflict that began in space would not continue there – destroying a satellite with a rocket would be met with some form ofa response on the ground, for example, not astronauts firing back at cosmonautswith laser guns.

军方官员很快表示，始于太空的冲突并不会在太空继续——例如，用火箭摧毁卫星，将会在地面上产生某种形式的反应，而不会是宇航员用激光枪回击敌方宇航员。

Particular attention would also likelyfocus on protecting U.S. communication and navigation infrastructure,considered critical elements to maintaining military troops' ability tocoordinate among headquarters and faraway battlefields as well as motorists'and farmers' using GPS devices.

特别需要关注的重点还可能是保护美国的通信和导航基础设施，这些设施正是维持军队的指挥部和遥远战场之间，以及司机和农场主们使用GPS设备进行协调的能力的关键因素。

Pence's Tuesday remarks, planned tocoincide with the launch of a SpaceX rocket that was delayed, set theimperative for U.S. space ambitions squarely on offsetting China and Russia.

彭斯周二的讲话，原本计划与一枚被推迟的SpaceX火箭的发射同时进行，为美国对太空的雄心壮志设定必要的条件，进而完全抵消中国和俄罗斯的影响。

"The truth is, for years, foreignnations have been developing electronic weapons to jam, blind and disablesatellites just like the one that waits on that launchpad today," he said."China has tested missiles designed to destroy satellites. China andRussia are working to station new weapons directly in space and, frankly, thesenew challenges demand new and innovative responses. And that's precisely whatwe've been providing under President Trump's leadership. Under his leadership,the United States is taking steps to ensure that American national security isas dominant in space as it is here on Earth."

他说：“事实是，多年来，外国一直在研发电子武器，像今天在发射台上等待的那种一样，以使我们卫星受到阻塞、致盲和失效，中国已经测试了旨在摧毁卫星的导弹。中国和俄罗斯正在努力直接在太空部署新武器，而且坦率地讲，面对这些新的挑战，匀需要新的创新性措施来加以应对。这正是我们在特朗普总统领导下所提供的。在他的领导下，美国正在采取措施确保美国的国家安全，并使我们在太空中就如在地球上一样占据主导地位。”

Pence acknowledged the Air Force as a"magnificent steward of our military space capabilities" but made nomention of what role it would play in future space operations.

彭斯承认空军是“我们太空军事能力的杰出管理者”，但是他并未提到空军将在未来的太空行动中会发挥什么样的作用。

"I want to promise you that we'regoing to build on that foundation. We're going to build on that foundationtogether with space professionals from every branch," he added.

“我想向你们保证，我们将在这个基础上再接再厉。我们将在这个基础上，与来自各个分支的航天专业人员一起，共同奋斗”，他补充道。

The Air Force, the nation's newest servicebranch, created in in 1947, has quietly been lobbying to maintain control ofthe bulk of space operations, officials say privately. And indeed the new forcethe Trump administration plans to create could resemble an Air Force version ofthe Marine Corps, which is a part of the Department of the Navy. Some have alsoexpressed that slow-rolling the creation of a new military service mightultimately lead to reconsideration from the executive branch.

官员们私下里表示，美国于1947年成立的最新的军种——空军，一直在悄悄地游说，以维持其对大部分太空行动的控制。而且事实上，特朗普政府计划创建的新军种，很可能类似于海军陆战队的空军版，而海军陆战队是海军部的一部分。一些人还表示，缓慢建立一个新的军事服务部门，可能最终会导致执行部门的重新审议。