【China Law Blog】“许多中国公司倾向于非法雇佣外国人” [美国媒体]

-------------译者：翀翀麻麻-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Trust Your China Employer. Just Kidding.——By Dan Harris on May 26 2018

相信你的中国雇主。哈哈，开玩笑的——2018年5月26日丹·哈理斯（Dan Harris）



Our China employment lawyers often get requests from individuals looking for help negotiating an employment contract with a Chinese domestic company. The first thing we like to do in this sort of situation is to make sure hiring our client by the Chinese company can and will be done legally. But when we suggest the necessity of our making sure of this the response is often that we have nothing to worry about because the Chinese company would not be doing this illegally.

我们中方雇佣律师经常会收到个人关于与中国国内企业协商雇佣合同的帮助请求。在这种情形下，我们首先要做的是，确保中国公司能雇佣我们委托人且行为是合法的。但是当我们建议确认下这个做法的必要性时，经常得到的回复是不必担心，因为中国公司是不会违法地去做这件事。

WRONG.

大错特错。

Truth is many Chinese companies prefer to hire foreigners illegally to legally because doing so can save them a ton of money and is usually pretty low risk — at least for them.

真相是许多中国公司更愿意去非法雇佣外籍人士，因为至少对他们来说，这样做可以节省一笔巨大的费用，同时风险也更小。

I thought of this when I read a very thoughtful and well-written article today entitled The detention of two Irish women who were working side jobs at an unlicensed school in Beijing shines a spotlight on the illegal English education market in China. The article (as you probably have guessed from its very long and descxtive title is about two teachers from Ireland who were detained in prison for more than a week for working illegally in China. Both these teachers had visas that allowed them to work full-time in China but only with their one employer who secured these visas for them. These two teachers had taken lucrative part-time teaching jobs on the side and it was those jobs that got them arrested.

今天，当我读到一篇经过深思熟虑且写得非常好的文章时想到了这点，标题是“两位爱尔兰女士因在北京一家没有运营执照的学校兼职而被捕，使人们大举关注中国的非法英语教育市场。”这篇文章（你可能已经通过它非常长且描述清楚的标题猜到，这是关于两个来自于爱尔兰的老师，因为在华非法工作而被拘留超过一周的事。这两个老师都有允许他们在华做全职工作的签证，但是此签证仅仅只能有一位雇主替她们担保。而这两位老师又同时做了一份利润丰厚的兼职，就是这个兼职导致她们被捕。

The big takeaway for anyone looking to take a job in China though should be the sections entitled “Illegal t employers have no qualms about hiring foreigners illegally and when the illegality is discovered it is the foreign worker who gets the blame.

任何一个想要在华务工的人需要知道的一点是，非法雇主对于非法雇佣外籍人士没有任何疑虑，因为此非法雇佣行为被发现时，被追究责任的是外籍员工。

The article talks about someone who “ran an experiment” by applying for every English language teaching job listed in Beijinger Magazine and clearly stating he could not qualify for a work visa. Only one out of the twenty potential employers declined his application! In other words 19 out of 20 were happy to have this foreigner work for them illegally. The article notes that under  China’s immigration law foreigners who work illegally in China can be fined 5000 to 20000 yuan and detained for between 5-15 days and then deported. “A lot of the burden and blame falls” on the employee who works illegally in China and therefore as the US Embassy website makes clear “it is up to each individual to uate potential employers before signing a contract.”

文章说有人“做了一个实验”，他去申请北京杂志上刊登的那些英语教师工作时，明确表明他的工作签证不符合。结果20所里仅有一所学校拒绝了他的申请！换言之，20所里有19所学校是欢迎他非法替他们工作的。文章指出，根据中国移民法，非法在华工作的外籍人士，会被处以5000到20000元不等的罚金，同时拘留5-15天再驱逐出境。“大量的惩罚”落在那些非法在华工作的雇员身上，因此，美国大使馆网站上清楚表明，“在签订合同之前，每个人都要对潜在的雇主进行评估”。

If you want to avoid the very real risk of being fined detained and/or deported you should make sure that your employment in China is on the up and up ideally before you head over there.

如果你想要避免被处罚金、拘留或者驱逐出境的风险，在你去中国之前，你必须清楚你在中国的工作是理想可靠的。

-------------译者：杜小妮儿~-审核者：周天寰宇2------------

–]_Gunster 11 指标 2 天前 
On the company side its definitely for saving money however there is a government benefit to this as well. It is easy to control a foreign population if they fear getting into trouble that's why they make it so expensive and difficult.It relatively effects lower paying jobs more higher your pay the more likely you have a legit Visa (For high paying jobs they typically have more incentive to not stir the pot in china however as a teacher its more practical to rule by fear indirectly.)Sure Americas process isn't cheap either and illegals are also those who get paid typically on the lower side but they also have strict laws.Try staying in America and leaving every 2 months just for a day and see how many times you can do that till they start asking questions. Have met foreigners who brag about doing this for years in China never being questioned at customs once.

就公司而言，这么做当然是为了省钱，然而，政府也可以从中获利。如果外籍人士害怕被卷入麻烦，那政府控制他们就容易，这就是为什么政府使之（惩罚）如此昂贵和严厉。相对来说，这对低薪工作者的影响更大，薪酬越高，拿到合法签证的可能性越大。（高薪工作者通常会更小心不在中国惹事，然而若是教师人员的话，利用恐惧对其进行间接控制更实际。）当然，在美国办就业手续也不便宜，非法就业者通常也是那些薪酬很低的人，但是美国拥有严格的法律。你可以试一下待在美国，然后每两个月离开一天，看多久会有人找你麻烦。我曾遇到很多外国人夸口他们在中国这么做已经很多年了，从未在海关受到质疑。

[–]RoomTempBeerBest Korea[S] 2 指标 1 天前 
I've always had a proper visa work permit etc but it (visa runs and all that) kind of used to be just the done thing (for teachers especially). Nobody seemed to care. And as a teacher it meant you had a lot more negotiating power so it made sense.
However in recent years there has been an abrupt turn around and it looks like those 'Wild East' days are really over - it's taking some people (and schools) a while to catch up though.

我一直有正式的签证、工作许可等，但这种事（签证过期，诸如此类的）曾经也发生过的（特别是对老师而言）。似乎没有人在乎。作为一名教师，这意味着你有更多的谈判能力，所以这讲得通。然而近年来突然出现了个大反转，看起来那些“疯狂的东方”的美好日子已经完全过去了——虽然有些人（和学校）还有花点时间才能赶上（这剧情进度）。

[–]xigua22 15 指标 2 天前 
Nothing new here. Don't work illegally and you won't have a problem. I'm sure those 2 Irish "teachers" knew that it was illegal for them to work at another school but they did anyway. Their own fault.
If your company/school isn't getting you a work visa cut and run.

屡见不鲜。不非法工作就没问题。我肯定那两个爱尔兰“教师”知道她们在另一所学校工作是不合法的，但她们还是那么做了。她们自食其果。如果你的公司没法给你提供工作签证（担保），赶紧离开才是明智之举。

[–]pi_zz_za 9 指标 2 天前 
I mean can you blame the employees really? Some small school or group of parents needs a native English teacher for 3 hours once a week. Not worth the hastle of going through all that effort and expense for a visa. And can't really blame the teachers either. It's a fucked up law that I'd say around 50% of teachers break. I mean you're in China so follow the Chinese laws especially as foreigners will be the ones to get fucked so the onus is really on them. Just a shitty situation.

我的意思是你真的能责怪雇员么？一些小型学校或者父母确实需要母语为英语的外教老师每周授课3小时。为一个签证费尽心思，花费这么多努力和费用根本不值得。你也不能真的怨老师。这法律很操蛋，我敢说一半的老师都违法教学。我的意思是，你在中国就遵守中国的法律，尤其是在外籍工作者是受惩罚的情况下。这情况真是太操蛋了。

[–]TeeribleMureal 3 指标 1 天前 
Also the requirements for a school to meet in order to be able to apply for a license to hire foreigners are extremely high and only very large institutions can meet them. It is impossible for a small school to grow naturally without spending years in this situation. The only schools that can get the proper license off the bat are the ones that invest a shit ton of money into massive premises and large staff before they have a single student which are always the worst places to work for. The law is completely fucked.

而且，要想申请雇佣外国人的执照，需要满足很多条件，只有大型机构能够满足。这种情况下，对于一个小型学校来说，想要自然成长而不花费数年时间是不可能的。唯一能获得正当执照的学校，是那些在没有一个学生的情况下就把大量资金投入到校舍和员工上，这样的学校总是最差的工作地方。这法律真蠢。

-------------译者：伊安宵-审核者：周天寰宇2------------

[–]MecatolHex 7 指标 1 天前 
I would like to push back on this. China Law Blog sensationalizes more than a bit to attract a client base and keep their brand alive. This is particularly true of Dan Harris's posts.

我持反对意见。 “中国法律博客网”一直以来都对夸大宣传案例来吸引流量保持他们的网站活力。丹·哈理斯（Dan Harris）的表述只有部分是真实的。

Dan Harris's base of knowledge appears broad but not deep. 'China law' covers an enormous area and it baffles me more than a little how we in the China community have allowed this guy to set up shop on the China law blog turf.

丹·哈理斯对事物的认知基础虽然范围大，但是只浮于表面。“中国法律”覆盖领域范围大以至于我十分困惑为什么身处中国社会的我们会允许这个人在中国法律博客网开店。

Chinese companies flout all kinds of regulations up and down the board. But the employment regulations are extremely onerous and have their own element of arbitrary and capricious enforcement.

中国公司藐视各种法规条列， 但是就业法规不但非常繁琐还有着模棱两可反复武断的强制力。

Obviously Dan Harris's warning and central point is well-taken. Beware the employer who would take short-cuts with your employment status.

当然丹·哈理斯的警告和其中心观点还是值得参考的。注意那些会根据你的雇佣状况采取捷径的雇主。

[–]ndrwstn 2 指标 1 天前 
The employer stuff is primarily Grace Yang and I agree that a lot of it is over the top.
Harris’ posts are not frequently sensational they’re just conservative and attempt to provide best practices for following the law and getting shit done in China. My main criticism of his work is that it provides potential clients with just enough information to be dangerous and they think they know more than they do.

这种有关雇主（的注意事宜）主要是Grace Yang先起头的（中国法律博客网的一个作者），我同意其中有很多观点过于夸大。哈理斯的博文并不总是夸大耸人听闻，他的文章只是比较保守并（为外籍务工人员）试图提供在中国遵守法律和办成事（签合同）的最佳做法。我主要批判的是他的所作所为给潜在的客户危险的信息，使他们自以为了解很多事情。

[–]Hairofthe 2 指标 1 天前 
What's the law regarding agencies? They seem to be able to get legitimate work visas but can send you to any random school they get a contract with?

法律相关机构是什么？他们似乎可以搞到合法工作签证但是却送你去任何随机的与他们有合约的学校（而不经过筛选）？

[–]proletariatnumber23 -4 指标 1 天前 
Here’s an idea...get a work visa and don’t take extra gigs as a teacher (aka if you must do more work do stuff at home like proofreading or translation)

我有个主意.....拿到工作签证，别额外兼职做老师（或者说你一定要做数职，那就选能在家工作的，比如校对翻译之类）。

[–]TeeribleMureal 4 指标 1 天前 
That doesn't really help the small. good schools (that are out there) find good teachers.

这不能真的帮那些小型的好学校（这种好学校是有存在的）雇到好老师。

[–]proletariatnumber23 1 指标 1 天前 
I’m just trying to protect our fellow laowai

我只是想保护我们这些老外。

[–]TeeribleMureal 0 指标 1 天前 
I understand.

我懂。

[–]SmirthChina -2 指标 1 天前 
America does it so I am sure it's fine.

美国也这么做，所以我肯定这没啥问题。

[–]ting_bu_dongUnited States -2 指标 1 天前* 
Same reason anyone would want to hire an illegal immigrant. So they can abuse the shit out of them and get away with it.
Edit: I'm not saying that's OK you guys

想雇佣非法移民的理由都是一样的。 这样他们就可以利用榨干他们然后再一脚踢开。
编辑：小伙伴们，我不是说我赞成这做法。