为什么尽管并不像中国那样生产手机，但日本仍在技术上领先？ [美国媒体]

Why is Japan not producing mobiles likeChina, even though Japan is far more advanced in technology?

为什么尽管并不像中国那样生产手机，但日本仍在技术上领先？

AnupMohan, Traveled to 5 Continents | Living in China
There is a phenomenon with GreatTechnology.

存在一种大技术现象

It is invented in an isolatedplace, largely disconnected from where it will be used the most. Most of therecent technological innovations and discoveries in the recent times areinvented in Silicon Valley but it is China, where they are scaled up on amassive scale.

它在一个与世隔绝的地方发明，并且其使用最广泛的地方与其发明地点几乎没有联系。最近的大多数最新的技术创新与发现都发生在硅谷，但是在中国，它们在极速扩展（应用）规模。

Think of it as a missile, itcreates practically no impact on its launching pad. However, it devastateseverything once it hits the target. It’s area of impact is magnanimous afterits landing. It is the same with technology. The mere invention of greattechnology doesn’t define the success of it. It is ‘How Big is the Areaof Impact’ that defines how successful a particular technology is.

把它比喻成一枚导弹，它几乎不会对发射台造成任何影响。然而，它一旦击中目标就摧毁一切。着陆后，它的杀伤范围巨大。技术也是一样的。仅仅是伟大技术的发明并不能定义它的成功。决定一个某一技术的成功程度的是其“杀伤面积有多大”。

Coming to the question, eventhough Japan’s technology may be better than China. But, what defines a greattechnology is not its invention but its usage.

回到这个问题，尽管可能日本的技术会比中国的技术好。但是，定义一项技术是否伟大的不是这项技术的发明而是这项技术本身的用途。

During the Growth Period ofMobile Phone Technology, there were following factors that played a key role inmaking China a bigger producer than Japan:

在手机的技术成长期间，存在以下因素使得中国成为比日本更大的手机制造商

Population: In 2007, Japan had apopulation of 128 million while China had a population of 1.31 Billion. Thismeant that there is a much larger population which is yet to be penetrated froma business perspective in China.

1.人口：在2007年，日本只有1亿2千8百万人口，而中国拥有13亿1千万人口。这意味着，从商业的角度来看，在中国还有更大的人口尚未参与进来。

Mobile Penetration: MobilePenetration was much higher in Japan than China.

2. 手机普及率：日本的手机普及率远高于中国。

Economic Growth: China was stillin its economic growth trajectory. It was the world’s largest growing economythen. However, Japan was a predominantly developed nation with limited economicgrowth scope.

3.经济成长：中国仍处在经济增长的轨道上。当时它是世界上最大的发展中经济体。然而，日本是一个发达国家，经济增长空间有限。

Business Opportunity: If acompany could succeed and satisfy customers in China, it meant it could printbillions in profits.

4. 商业机会:如果一家公司能在中国取得成功并令客户满意，就意味着它能带来数十亿美元的利润。

Labor Cost: China was becomingthe World’s Factory. It’s labor was atleast 10 times cheaper than Japan.

5. 劳动力成本:中国正在成为世界工厂。它的劳动力至少比日本便宜10倍。

Industry Evolution: While Japanwas more into producing feature & flip phones, the world was moving intotouch screen phones. This required manufacturing & factory setup fromscratch. China had a clear advantage in manufacturing.

6. 产业革命:当日本更倾向于生产功能和翻盖手机时，世界却转向了触摸屏手机。这需要从头开始制造和配置工厂。中国在制造业上有明显的优势。

Investment Heaven: All the abovepoints made China an Investment Heaven as it had the potential to generate themaximum profits for an investor. An investor chases where he/she can earn themost.

7. 投资天堂:以上几点都使中国成为投资天堂，因为它有潜力为投资者创造最大的利润。投资者会追求能使他/她能赚到最多钱的地方。

Overall, the ‘Area of Impact’ ofMobile Phone Technology was much higher in China, than Japan. And, as itgoes, Money follows Opportunities.

总体而言，在中国，手机技术的影响范围远高于日本。并且，正如它发展的那样，金钱随着机遇而来。



MatsunamiTaijin, former Manager, Corporate Planning (1979-2016)
Thanks for the request. Thought Iam not an expert in this filed, but as a general marketing case study, I wouldlike to give you some histories and current business model situation aroundmobile phones.

感谢提问，虽然我不是这方面的专家，但作为一个整体的营销案例研究，我想给你一些关于手机的历史和目前的商业模式情况。

Galapagos Mobile

1. Galapagos 手机（译者注：夏普推出的手机）

Japan was one of the earliestdevelopers of mobile phones and started the world first internet accessservices called “i-Mode”. Refer to Wiki for details; i-mode - Wikipedia It became very popular in Japan and became a nationalstandard, while in other part of the world, it was way too advanced and Japanfailed to make it a global standard.

日本是最早发展手机的国家之一，并开创了世界上第一个名为“i-Mode”的互联网接入服务。详情请参阅维基百科：i-mode - Wikipedia ，它在日本变得非常流行，并成为国家标准，而在世界其他地方，由于它太先进了，日本没能使它成为全球标准。

Yet i-Mode was so popular, further domestic development continued to win thedomestic competition and made the Japanese mobile market far different from anyother countries. It was then called as Galapagos Mobile because of its prettyunique evolution just like those uniquely evolved creatures in Galapagosislands.

然而，i-Mode是如此的流行，在国内的进一步发展使得它继续赢得国内的竞争，而这使得日本的手机市场与其他任何国家都大不相同。它当时被称为加拉帕戈斯移动群岛，因为它有着非常独特的演变过程，就像加拉帕戈斯群岛上那些独特进化的生物一样。

Soon after an iPhone was released, many Japanese jumped to it as well makingthe i-Mode obsolete very quickly. But again due to the domestic competition,Japanese phone makers continued releasing new Galapagos mobiles allowing Googleto launch Android which in parallel with iPhone became global standards.
iPhone/Android Domination;commoditization and assembly cost

iPhone发布后不久，许多日本人就开始使用iPhone,i-mode也很快就过时了。但由于国内的竞争，日本手机制造商继续推出新的兼容谷歌与iPhone同时成为全球标准的的安卓系统Galapagos手机。
iPhone和Android二分天；商品化与装配成本。

Since Android is an open sourceOS, anybody could develop their own smart phone relatively easily and all thetechnical advantages Japan accumulated by then became void or useless.

由于Android是一个开源操作系统，任何人都可以相对容易地开发自己的智能手机，所以当时日本积累的所有技术优势都变得没有意义。

Japanese phone makers could develop their own version of Android mobile. Sonyactually does so, but then a question in competition was only assembling costswhere countries like Korea, Taiwan, and China had a definite advantage overJapan. Even Sony had to decide to assemble its Xperia series in Taiwan.

日本手机制造商可以开发自己的Android手机版本。索尼确实也是这样做的，但接下来的一个竞争的问题只是在于组装成本，像韩国、台湾（台湾不是国家！！！）和中国等国相对于日本，拥有绝对优势。甚至索尼也不得不决定在台湾组装其Xperia系列。

Shift in Business Model

商业模式的转变

in parallel to the transitionabove, Japanese companies also failed in competition in LCD display device.Until 15 years ago, every Japanese consumer electronics manufacturer wasproducing LCD displays, which also became a commodity. Except for two companiestoday, no LCD’s are made in Japan.

与上述转型同时，日本公司在液晶显示器领域的竞争也失败了。直到15年前，每一家日本消费电子产品制造商都在生产液晶显示器(LCD display)，液晶显示器也成为了一种商品。除了现在的两家公司，没有任何LCD设备是在日本生产的。

What Japanese electronics companies decided to do in mobile phone market thenwas to shift from a product supplier to a component supplier. See a chart belowfrom an article in the WSJ Dec 16, 2010 edition wrote by the Asia DevelopmentBank.

当时日本电子产品公司决定在手机市场上做的是将自己产品供应商的角色转变为零部件供应商。请参阅亚洲开发银行2010年12月16日《华尔街日报》文章中的图表。

As you can see, Japanese companies are making the most money outof an iPhone. The situation is quite similar in other Android phones, eventoday.
Typical example is an image sensor used in cameras in a phone.Sony enjoys almost domination in this semi-conductor field. There are manyother components where Japanese companies offer highly competitive, compact,and high quality parts.
In conclusion, Japanese companies really are benefiting frommobile phone market. Actually roughly one third of the global sales flows intoJapanese companies. You could say their are winners, not losers.

正如你所看到的，日本公司通过iPhone赚取了最多的利润。即使在今天，其他安卓手机的情况也是如此。
典型的例子是在手机的摄像头中使用的图像传感器。索尼在半导体领域几乎独霸天下。日本公司还提供许多其他部件，这些部件具有高度的竞争力、紧凑和高质量。
总之，日本公司确实从手机市场中获益。实际上，全球约三分之一的销售流入日本公司。你可以说他们是赢家，而不是输家。

But I agree, it is sad to see a statistics showing almost nomobile phones are being made in Japan.

但我同意，令人遗憾的是，统计数据显示，日本几乎没有生产手机。

AndreasMihardja, PhD from Georg-August University of Göttingen (1969)
To produce a mobile in today’sworld depends on 3 main factors.

在当今世界，手机的生产取决于三个主要因素。

1] Hardware of the memory chips.The technology of producing memory chips is today almost at the end. There isnothing that could be done in the binary field of memory production either inNor or in Nand Cmos. This technology is at its limit. It cannot be reduced insize much more it is already in the Nano meter environment and the voltage,already in the milivolt can not be reduced much any more. The production isalmost 100% robotic and is operating 24 hrs 365 days a year with minimalsupervisions. Improvement in this branch of the hardware is in the commandingsector the ARM core of the mobile phone chip the “CPU” of the chip. This isstill either in open or close systems controlled by ARM.[almost 90% of themarket] Using this ARM technology The mobile phone could be improved by theseries of G to 5G etc. Generation of technology. USA, Korea and Taiwan/ Chinahave the upper hand ion this field. If you don’t have the hardware you alsodon’t have the software. No Japanese company is operating in this development.—————————- This is the first hurdle.
Sub branch of this hardware isthe motherboard of the mobile phone. Motherboard are a monopoly of China. Thecost of this piece of equipment is in the pennies and who else have the brainand manpower to produce it this cheap. There almost 8000 types of mobilemotherboards and all of them are made in Shenzhen. —————————— This is anothersub hurdle

内存芯片硬件。当前制造内存芯片的技术几乎已经走到尽头了。无论是NOR还是Nand 半导体技术的二进制存储芯片制造领域都已经无法进步了。这项技术已经到达它的瓶颈了。它在尺寸上不能再缩小了，它已经在纳米尺寸内了，并且电压也处于在毫伏范围内了，不能再减少多少了。该产品几乎100%采用机器人技术，每天24小时每年运行365天，几乎不需要任何监督。对硬件这一部分的改进是在“指挥部分”，手机芯片的ARM（译者注：英国ARM公司是全球领先的半导体知识产权 (IP) 提供商）核心，芯片的“CPU”。
无论是在开源或者是闭源的系统都是由ARM控制。[近90%的市场利用ARM技术，通过第一代到第五代一系列的技术实现手机（性能的）提升。美国、韩国、台湾/中国（大陆）在这方面占有优势。如果你没有硬件，你也没有软件。没有一家日本公司在开发这个项目--------------------------------------------------------------------------------这是第一个障碍。
这个硬件的子分支是手机的主板。中国是主板的垄断者。这台设备的成本很低，谁还有那么多的脑力和人力来生产这么便宜的设备。有近8000种移动主板，全部都是在深圳制造的。 ----------这是另一个障碍

2] Software for any mobile phonemust be developed by the mobile phone producer. The market is mostly in theEnglish language software development, because this is the programming languageof the IT world. All other languages used are mostly based on this programminglanguage translated into the other language. In this field the Japanese are ina disadvantage position. Most of their programming is based on the English versiontranslated into the Japanese. I am not sure but I suspect that china is usingtheir Pinyin language as their programming language which means that Chinacould developed their programming w/o English — I am not familiar with theirprogramming technology, but from what I observe they have more features thanthe old time Chinese-English versions. ————————- This is the second hurdle

任何手机的软件都必须由手机制造商开发。市场主要是在英语语言软件开发中，因为这是IT世界的编程语言。所使用的所有其他语言大多基于翻译成其他语言的这种编程语言。在这一领域，日本人处于劣势。他们的大部分程序都是基于翻译成日语的英文版本。我不确定但是我怀疑中国是使用拼音语言作为编程语言,这意味着中国可以不依靠英语发展他们的编程技术——我不熟悉他们的编程技术,但据我观察, 它们比过去的汉英版本有更多的特点。----------这是第二个障碍

3] The appearance of the mobilephone - the Hardware included in it like USB technology, and other connectorcapabilities the batteries etc.. All these are mass produced in China.——————————- This is the third hurdle.

手机的外观 - 如USB技术在内的硬件，以及其他连接器功能的电池等也包含在内。所有这些都是在中国大规模生产的。 -----------这是第三个障碍。

Knowing these information is itstrange that Japan is behind in this branch of the market. Japan could selltheir memory chips but this is all - they don’t have the ARM technology. Sonyor Toshiba or Sharp etc are selling their products just by assembling it fromthe world producers and only giving their phone the appearance their brand.Their technology is behind compared to Samsung or Apple or Google products. Themarket wants new technologies for a good price.

在了解了这些信息后，日本在这一市场领域落后是很奇怪的。日本可以出售他们的记忆芯片，但仅此而已——他们没有ARM技术。索尼或东芝或夏普等公司销售的产品只是把来自世界各地生产商的零件组装起来，并且只是把他们自己的品牌贴到（组装好的）手机外观上。他们的技术落后于三星、苹果或谷歌产品。市场需要新技术以获得好的价格。

Extra info : Japan is now behindin their camera sales. Everybody is using their mobile phone to take pictures.Japan has before the monopoly in consumer watches - this is also taken over bythe mobile phone. The Mobile phone has camera, phone,Video, watch and TVprogramming. In the TV screen / computer screen technology - Japan is alsobehind. Everybody is buying Samsung or LG and nobody wants a Sony or Sharp,Toshiba anymore. Even China has only less then 10% of the world market.

额外信息:日本现在在他们的相机销售上落后了。每个人都在用手机拍照。日本在消费手表领域处于垄断地位，这也被手机所取代。手机有摄像头、手机、视频、手表和电视节目。在电视屏幕/电脑屏幕技术方面，日本也落后了。所有人都在购买三星或LG，没有人想要索尼或夏普，东芝。即使是中国，也只有不到10%的世界市场。

JerryTo, lives in Hong Kong
Because Japan is no longer “farmore advanced in technology” in the field of mobile phones (as well as in manyother fields of consumer electronics).
I see some answer here suggestthat Japan moved into making high-tech components for mobile phones while Chinatakes over the labor intensive and relatively low-tech whole phonemanufacturing. Well, that is not entirely true, especially when we’re movinginto 2018.

因为日本在手机领域(以及消费电子领域的许多其他领域)不再“在技术上更为先进”。
我在这里看到的一些答案表明，日本开始生产手机的高科技部件，而中国则接管了劳动密集型和相对低技术的整体手机制造业。这并不是完全正确的，尤其是当我们进入2018年的时候。

Accordingto JEITA, Japan’s electronic componentmarket share has been on constant decline over the last decade while China andS Korea gained rapidly. In terms of mobile phone components Japan’s marketsharewas also closely tied to the iphone, while brands from China and Korea (all top10 brands except Apple were from China or Korea) used a much higher percentageof domestic/non-Japanese suppliers.

日本电子信息技术产业协会（JEITA电子情报技术産业协会のホームページ。）表示，过去十年，日本电子元器件的市场份额一直在不断下降，而中国和韩国的市场份额迅速增长。就手机零部件而言，日本的市场份额也与iphone密切相关，而来自中国和韩国的品牌(除苹果以外的前十大品牌都来自中国或韩国)在国内/非日本供应商中所占的比例要高得多。

In the mobile phone industry,whole phone manufacturers actually tend to be much more profitable thancomponent manufacturers. Without the cover of its own domestic phonebrand, Japan has been losing its footing on the component side. This isespecially true on the most profitable components namely screen panels, SoC’sand memory chips. JDI has been struggling hard in recent years, Sharp waspacked up and sold, Toshiba memory was sold, and Japan has not participatedmobile SoC manufacturing. These all happened while Samsung dominated themarket, and China starting to invest like there’s no tomorrow on advanced fablines for screen/memory/logic chips.

在手机行业，整体手机制造商实际上比零部件制造商更有利可图。由于没有本土手机品牌的支持，日本在零部件方面的地位一直在丧失。在最赚钱的组件，即屏幕面板、SoC和内存芯片上尤其如此。最近几年，JDI一直在苦苦挣扎，夏普被打包出售，东芝内存被出售，日本也没有参与移动SoC制造。而这一切都发生在三星主导市场、中国开始投资屏幕/内存/逻辑芯片的高端芯片生产线时。

In terms of mobile related chipdesign and wireless tech, Japan is also falling significantly behind China, andthat gap is widening every year.China has majorplayers that develops their own mobile SoC’s and baseband cores, Japan hasnone. China (as well as Korea, US and European players) invested aggressivelyon 5G technologies, Japan did it too but its effort is not at the same level.

在移动相关芯片设计和无线技术方面，日本也明显落后于中国，这种差距每年都在扩大。中国有开发自己的移动SoC和基带核心的主要玩家，而日本没有。中国(以及韩国、美国和欧洲的玩家)在5G技术上大举投资，日本也这么做了，但它的成果并不在一个水平上。

While Japan does have Softbankwhich purchased majority shares of ARM (it provides architecture design tomobile CPU and GPU’s), that’s not the same as saying ARM is now Japanesetechnology. ARM is still a British-based company with no plan of moving talentsor technologies into Japan. Renesas Electronics is a major ic design companythat is truly Japanese, but its focus is in automotive electronics and smalleric controllers rather than the most important mobile phone SoC’s.

虽然日本有购买了ARM的多数股权(它为移动CPU和GPU提供架构设计) 的软银(Softbank)，但这并不等同于说ARM现在是日本技术。ARM仍是一家总部位于英国的公司，没有将人才或技术引进日本的计划。瑞萨电子(Renesas Electronics)是一家真正日本的大型集成电路设计公司，但它的重点是汽车电子和小型集成电路控制器，而不是最重要的手机SoC（系统级芯片）。

Yes, Japan still excel in somefields. Sony’s imaging sensors are still dominant, but even high end smartphonesensors are very cheap now (less than $10 usd) compared to the whole phone’smaterial cost, so it has limited revenue potential despite seizing huge marketshare. Similarly, Japan played some important roles in upstream semiconductormanufacturing (e.g. SUMCO), but they are so upstream that the global market issmall and limited in revenue potential. These companies may hold importantlinks in the mobile phone production chain, but they are not irreplaceable and bythemselves they can’t make a big impact to Japan’s economy.

是的，日本在某些领域仍然很突出。索尼的成像传感器仍然占据主导地位，但即便是高端智能手机传感器，与整个手机的材料成本相比，现在也非常便宜(不到10美元)，因此尽管占据了巨大的市场份额，索尼的收入潜力仍然有限。类似地，日本在上游半导体制造业(如SUMCO（译者注：SUMCO是日本三菱住友株式会社,Sumco集团是世界第二大硅晶片供应商）)中也发挥了重要作用，但它们是如此的上游，以至于全球市场规模很小，收入潜力有限。这些公司可能在手机生产链中拥有重要的联系，但它们并不是不可替代的，它们本身不能对日本经济产生重大影响。

So I’d say that Japan is still amajor component supplier in the mobile phone industry today, but its outlook ispretty dim except in a few small areas. The main reason is simple: youcan’t stay ahead in technology if you don’t maintain a major presence in themarket.

所以我要说的是，日本目前仍是手机行业的主要零部件供应商，但除了少数领域外，日本的前景相当暗淡。主要原因很简单:如果你不保持市场的主导地位，你就无法在科技领域保持领先地位。

The semiconductor industry is thecore of today’s high-tech consumer electronic products, and it is EXTREMELYcapital intensive. A single factory making SoC/Screen/Memory (one of them, notall) requires billions, and sometimes double digit billions of US dollars tobuild, and China plan to build 20+ of these in the next 3–4 years. Only a fewdominant global players, sometimes coupled with national level strategicinvestment, can afford to acquire and maintain these infrastructures. Withoutthe right economic scale, a balance of reasonable hiring cost and abundanthuman talents, and a disposition to manufacture for the world market, there isno way to play this game. Japan has not shown its resolve to stay in this game,while S. Korea and China did. As a result, Japan has already lost its techadvantage in this field.

半导体产业是当今高科技消费电子产品的核心产业，具有极高的资本密集性。一个制造SoC（系统级芯片）/Screen（显示屏）/Memory（记忆芯片）的工厂(其中一个，不是全部)需要数十亿美元，有时需要数百亿美元来建造，中国计划在未来3-4年内建造20多个这样的工厂。只有少数主要的全球参与者，有时再加上国家层面的战略投资，才能够负担得起并维持这些基础设施。如果没有正确的经济规模，合理的雇佣成本和丰富的人力资源，以及为世界市场制造产品的倾向，就没有办法玩这个游戏。日本还没有表现出在这场比赛中保持稳定的决心，而韩国和中国则表现得如此。因此，日本已经失去了在这一领域的技术优势。

WesleyNishi
While China has caught uptechnology wise, calling consumer electronics today as high tech is partiallyproblematic.

虽然中国已经赶上了科技的发展，但是把当今的消费电子产品称为高科技，这有些问题。

One thing people need to rememberin regards to technology is what exactly one means by high-tech. Consumerelectronics used to be a high margin, high profit, low sale kind of product.They used to be technologically intricate relatively and not just anyone couldstart manufacturing them. Over many years, this industry's products has becomemore and more a commodity. Remember, only 10–15 years ago, TVs were going foreasily a couple thousand for a 40 inch TV. Today, a 42 inch TV can go for acouple hundred dollars. Another good examples is semiconductors and computers.Years ago, computers were many thousand dollars and were built to be used overmany years. To accomodate this mindset, Japanese semiconductor companies suchas NEC, Fujitsu, Hitachi etc. made chips that were durable and last many years.As computers became commoditized (people buy and replace computers often, ascomputers became cheap), Korean and Taiwanese semiconductors which focused onoutput, but didnt last as long, and much cheaper took over as durability was nolonger a requirement.

关于科技，人们需要记住的一件事就是高科技到底意味着什么。消费电子产品曾经是高利润率、高利润、低销售量的产品。他们过去在技术上相对比较复杂，而且不只是任何人都能开始制造它们。多年来，这个行业的产品越来越成为一种商品。记住，就在10-15年前，40英寸电视的价格轻松要价数千美元。今天，一台42英寸的电视机只需几百美元。另一个很好的例子是半导体和计算机。几年前，电脑的价格是几千美元，并被用于多年。为了迎合这种心态，日本的半导体公司如NEC、富士通、日立等生产的芯片经久耐用。随着电脑变得商品化(人们经常购买和更换电脑，因为电脑变得越来越便宜)，韩国和台湾的半导体专注于生产，但没能持续那么长时间，因为耐用性不再是必须的，电脑变得越来越便宜。

The thing with smartphones isthat it is pretty much the same idea. The technology within it is not very hightech and it is easy for any company to build them. Everyone uses it, themargins are lower and Chinese electronics companies with a cost advantage aretaking over. That being said, there are still very high tech components insidea smart phone that require intricate, and high tech manufacturIng. Ceramiccapacitors made by Murata electronics, CMOS sensors made by Sony, NAND flashmade by Toshiba etc. compose a large portion of the high technology componentsare still Japanese technology in smartphones. But in general, most consumerelectronics are no longer really "”high tech”. Any company can buy thecomponents and stick them together. Our society tends to view these veryvisible pieces of technology as high tech because we use them everyday and arevery visible. That being said, it is likely in no time these pieces of technologybecome easier to make and are no longer hard for competition to produce: inother words Chinese and other Asian companies will find a way to make them.Technologies such as lithium batteries used to be very expensive, but havebecome cheap and easily adapted.

智能手机的特点是，它的想法基本相同。it内部的技术不是很高的技术，任何公司都可以很容易地构建它们。每个人都在使用它，利润率更低，而具有成本优势的中国电子公司正在接管。话虽如此，在一款需要复杂的高科技制造的智能手机里，仍然有非常高的技术含量。村田电子公司生产的陶瓷电容器、索尼公司生产的CMOS传感器、东芝公司生产的NAND闪存等高科技元件，仍然是智能手机中应用的日本技术。但总的来说，大多数消费电子产品不再是真正的“高科技”。任何公司都可以购买这些部件并把它们粘在一起。我们的社会倾向于把这些非常显眼的技术视为高科技，因为我们每天都在使用它们，而且非常显眼。话虽如此，这些技术可能很快就会变得更容易制造，也不再难以进行竞争:换句话说，中国和其他亚洲公司将找到制造它们的方法。像锂电池这样的技术曾经非常昂贵，但现在已经变得便宜和容易应用。

Many of the Japanese electronicscompanies have either collapsed due to margin degradation or have moved awayfron Consumer electronics. They have adapted their technology in niche orhigher tech or margin industries. Take for example, Fujifilm. They stillproduce film and cameras, but what isnt well known is that they have a bigchemical and biomedical business developing new drugs. Hitachi which used to beseen making people's microwaves and TVs produces high speed trains, steamturbines, MRI scanners etc. Panasonic is into developing high capacity lithiumbatteries, avionic software systems etc. Toshiba medical (now owned by Canon)produced diagnostic chemistry analyzers, MRIs, etc.

许多日本电子公司要么因利润率下降而倒闭，要么已经从消费电子产品领域撤出。他们已经将他们的技术应用于利基或更高的技术或利润率行业。举个例子,富士胶片。他们仍在生产胶卷和照相机，但不为人所知的是他们有一个很大的化学和生物医学产业在开发新药。日立曾被视为制造人们的微波炉和电视，也在生产高速列车、蒸汽轮机、核磁共振扫描仪等。松下正在开发高容量的锂电池、航空电子系统等。东芝医疗(现为佳能公司拥有)生产诊断化学分析仪、核磁共振扫描仪等。

That being said, Japaneseelectronics did/does have a huge flaw. They are not well adept with softwareand integration. Consumer tech has moved more toward software, internetapplication and services. Companies like Apple I would argue are not anelectronic manufacturer per say, but more a service company. Apple doesnt makeor produce the iPhone, but buys the components to make a phone and what peoplepay for the phone is more paying for the system itself (iTunes, iCloud, iOSetc.). Japanese companies were well designed for the analog world, prodivingquality workmanship, and durable products. While this fine, it was only amatter of time when cheaper competition catches up and the quality becomes goodenough. This can be seen in the kind of products they sell. Sony is still amajor player in producing CDs, Blu-ray disks and were pushing things like MDdiscs etc when people have moved toward streaming and cloud storage.

话虽如此，日本的电子产品确实有一个巨大的缺陷。他们不擅长软件和集成。消费级技术已经更多地转向软件、互联网应用和服务。我认为像苹果这样的公司不是一个电子制造商，而是一家服务公司。苹果不生产或生产iPhone，而是购买制造手机的组件，人们为手机支付的费用更多的是系统本身的费用(iTunes、iCloud、iOS等)。日本公司为模拟世界设计良好，工艺先进，产品耐用。虽然这很好，但进行价格竞争、质量变得足够好只是时间问题。这可以从他们销售的产品中看出。索尼仍是生产cd、蓝光光盘的主要厂家，当人们转向流媒体和云存储时，它还在推动MD光盘等产品。

Many Japanese companies havemoved to understand this, gone out of business or abandon their consumerelectronics roots and move to higher margin businesses. My answer to yourquestion is three fold. 1) Consumer electronics is no longer "hightech" 2) China and other countries like S Korea and Taiwan have caught up andhave an advantage of lower cost 3) Japanese manufacturers were weak in softwareintegration so their products were not adapted to the digital, cloud, computingworld.

许多日本公司已经开始明白这一点，他们已经破产，或者放弃了消费电子产品的根基，转而从事利润率更高的业务。我对你问题的回答有三方面。1)消费类电子产品不再是“高科技”2)中国和其他国家，如韩国和台湾，已经赶上并拥有较低成本的优势3)日本制造商在软件集成方面较弱，因此他们的产品不适应数字、云、计算世界。

Cynthia Avishegnath, Janitor
Because semiconductors for themasses are no longer a “high tech” industry.

因为对大众来说，半导体不再是一个“高科技”产业。

Because cost of labour in Japancan ill afford such industries.

因为日本的劳动力成本负担不起这样的产业。

Because Japan is producing theultra high tech equipment that is used for fabricating, uation of andpackaging semiconductors. Which offers a much higher ratio of returns toinvestments.

因为日本正在生产用于制造、评估和封装半导体的超高技术设备。它提供了更高的投资回报率。

Because China produces highsupply of mid-level skills essential to electronics and semiconductor industries.Because Japan could ill afford to divert anymore of their human resources tosuch mid-level technological skills than they already have on local smallindustries.

因为中国提供了对电子和半导体工业必不可少的高度的中级技能支持。因为日本不可能将人力资源转移到这些中级技术技能上，而不是本地的小型工业。

It’s a mere couple billiondollars to set up a small-sized semiconductor fabrication factory, and a mere200 million dollars to set up a backend manufacturing factory. It isencouraging for Japan if China is to create hundreds of such factories, becausewhere does the high precision equipment come from? Then, upward trend insemiconductor development in Japan and the US would require those factories toretool every 10 years.

建立一个小型半导体制造工厂只需要几十亿美元，而建立一个后端制造工厂只需要两亿美元。如果中国要创建数百家这样的工厂，这对日本来说是令人鼓舞的，因为高精密设备从何而来?然后，日本和美国半导体发展的上升趋势将要求这些工厂每10年进行一次设备改造。

That is why Trump’s move to enacttariffs to encourage the growth of such low tech industries like steel would bedisastrous. On the long run, such industries would push the skill levels of thecountry downtrend.

这就是为什么特朗普颁布关税以鼓励像钢铁这样的低技术产业发展的举动将是灾难性的。从长远来看，这类行业将推动国家技术水平的下降趋势。

Trump’s and the Conservativepolitics of acquiescing to an UNPATRIOTIC “conservative” audience who are toolazy to be trained, who rather revel in unscientific conspiracies and spendtime duck-shooting and the likes than spending time upgrading their skills andeducation, who demand for the return and revival of low-skills industries suchas coal-mining, are empirically downgrading and down-trending the technologylevel of the country.

特朗普的和保守政治默许下的“保守”观众太懒惰而不训练,他们宁愿陶醉在不科学的阴谋和花时间玩鸭子射击之类的也不愿花时间升级他们的技能和教育, 他们要求 煤炭开采等低技术产业的回归和复兴，正在逐步降低国家的技术水平。

We should saturate China withlow-skills industries because, trends in China have shown that workforceleadership in China tends to take the easy way. We should suffocate China withlow cost low skills industries, so that their focus on absorbing suchindustries will crowd out their ability to build a high tech high skillspopulation.

我们应该让低技能行业充斥中国，因为中国的趋势表明，中国的劳动力领导力往往是走捷径。我们应该用低成本、低技能的产业扼杀中国，让他们专注于吸收这类产业，排挤他们建设高技术、高技能人口的能力。

We should follow the suit of thelikes of Japan and Singapore, of deliberately pushing out low skills industriesto China, and have strong profession-oriented education infrastructure toencourage continual skills acquisition and upgrade. We should limit theimmigration rate of low skill low education low creativity migrants into thecountry.

我们应该效仿日本和新加坡的做法，有意将低技能产业推向中国，并拥有强大的以专业为导向的教育基础设施，鼓励持续的技能获取和升级。我们应该限制低技能、低学历、低创造力的移民进入这个国家。

Unfortunately, continuous skilland education acquisition in the US is not a strong cultural trend. Religiousand cultural leaders who have a strong influence on reasoning with theiraudience are too irresponsible because they would rather stoke their audienceto waste time on useless political controversies.

不幸的是，在美国，持续的技能和教育获取并不是一种很强的文化趋势。对观众进行推理具有强烈影响力的宗教和文化领导者过于不负责任，因为他们宁愿激怒观众，浪费时间在无用的政治争议上。

Technology leaders like Boeing,Google, Microsoft, Apple are simply too irresponsible and don’t even seethemselves as American companies responsible towards encouraging a culturalattitude toward continuous education. Or even nurturing education. Leaders likeWarren Buffett or Bill Gates have BIG TALK on improving the little-guy and bigambitious “charities” - like Bill Gates’ penchant for buying schools’ attentionto implement his ineffective education experiments - these people do not evensee that the operation of their own companies should be molded and modeled toencourage apprenticeship and skills development of the local population.

像波音，谷歌，微软，苹果的技术领导者实在太不负责任，甚至不把自己看成是对鼓励持续教育文化态度负责的美国公司。甚至培养教育。像沃伦•巴菲特(Warren Buffett)或比尔•盖茨(Bill Gates)这样的领导人都在大谈特谈如何改善那些小人物和雄心勃勃的“慈善机构”——就像比尔•盖茨(Bill Gates)喜欢花钱让学校注意到他的无效教育实验——这些人甚至没有看到，他们自己公司的运作应该被塑造和模仿，以鼓励当地人的学徒和技能发展。

Warren Buffett’s attitude isnon-interference with the operation of the companies in his holding as long asthey churn out the profits he wants - does he even bother to actually use thosecompanies to interact with with the local population in terms of skillsdevelopment? He talks big and talks too much.

沃伦•巴菲特(Warren Buffett)的态度是，只要他持有的这些公司能创造出他想要的利润，就不干涉它们的运营——他是否真想利用这些公司在技能发展方面与当地民众互动?他夸夸其谈。

Let me tell you - China willcertainly lose the trade war that the Trump administration hope to wage. But inlosing that war, China will be forced to win the technological skillset war.And in winning the trade war, the US will lose the technology war for years tocome.

让我告诉你——中国肯定会输掉特朗普政府希望发动的贸易战。但输掉这场战争，中国将被迫赢得技术技能战。在赢得贸易战的过程中，美国将在未来数年输掉技术战争。

WangYangsheng, shanghai (2016-present)
As the second largest economicpower in the capitalist world, Japan, which has never been a rival in theelectronics industry, has lagged behind in the internet industry and smartphone industry in the past ten years. In the Internet industry, Japan does notsay that it is more than China and the United States. The giants, even Russiaand South Korea, are not as good as the entire Internet industry. Japan has noteven got a well-known internet company. This contrasts with the strongformation of the mechanical industry, the robot industry and the auto industry.At the same time, in the smart phone industry, Japan is almost completely wipedout. The only Sony that has been struggling to support its Sony mobile is stillin the mire. Japan seems to suddenly lose its vitality.

作为资本主义世界第二大经济强国，日本从未成为电子行业的竞争对手，过去十年中，在互联网行业和智能手机行业它一直是落后的。在互联网行业，日本并没有说它比中国和美国更重要。这些巨头，即使是俄罗斯和韩国，也比不上整个互联网行业。日本甚至还没有一家知名的互联网公司。这与机械工业、机器人工业和汽车工业的强大形成形成鲜明对比。与此同时，在智能手机行业，日本几乎被彻底摧毁。唯一一家一直在努力支持索尼移动的索尼仍处于困境。日本似乎突然失去了活力。

The reason why Japan has becomeso is the result of the Galapagos.

日本之所以如此，是加拉帕戈斯的结果

What is Galapagos? Galapagos isan island in the Pacific Ocean. This island is in Ecuador. The uniqueness ofthis island lies in its isolation from the world. It has evolved some uniquecreatures, such as colored crabs. If some industries or products havelarge market shares in a country but are not competitive outside the country,it is called Galapagos phenomenon.

加拉帕戈斯群岛是什么?加拉帕戈斯群岛是太平洋中的一个岛屿。这个岛在厄瓜多尔。这个岛的独特之处在于它与世界的隔绝。它进化出了一些独特的生物，比如彩色螃蟹。如果某些行业或产品在一个国家拥有较大的市场份额，但在国外没有竞争力，这被称为加拉帕戈斯群岛现象。

This is the case in Japan'smobile phone industry. After the early introduction of the universal GSMstandard, Japan itself pursued a set of PDC standards instead of the GSMstandard. Although foreign mobile phones are limited to Japan’s standards andcannot enter Japan, Japan’s mobile phones cannot be used due to their ownstandards. Sold overseas, since then, the isolation between Japan and the worldhas become increasingly large. Today, people around the world use mobile phonesto watch TV, use mobile phones to shop, use mobile phones to takeself-portraits, and even just popular NFC and many other features are actuallyback in the function. In the era of mobile phones, there were Japanese mobilephones. It can be said that the Japanese mobile phones of that year wereleading the world.

这就是日本手机行业的情况。在早期采用了通用的GSM标准之后，日本自己追求的是一套PDC以取代GSM标准。尽管外国手机仅限于日本的标准，不能进入日本，但日本的手机由于其自身的标准而不能（在其他地方）使用，不能向海外销售。从那以后，日本与世界的隔绝程度变得越来越大。如今，世界各地的人们都用手机看电视，用手机购物，用手机自拍，甚至连最流行的NFC和其他功能都重新回归。在手机时代，有日本手机。可以说，当年的日本手机是世界领先的。

However, when Japan’s mobilephone technology leads the world, it does not take the trouble to promote theworld. Instead, it cooperates with Japanese operators and sells it tooperators. In short, Japanese mobile phone operators rely on subsidies fromoperators. It's really comfortable to come back to work and return to theoperator's customized comfort zone, but it also makes Japanese mobile phonemanufacturers lose their competitiveness.
The mobile phone revolution inthe entire world happened at this time. When the smartphone represented byApple emerged, the Japanese mobile phone makers did not make progress, and theydid not realize that the smart phone would destroy all the advantages of allpast function machines. After Sun Yizheng introduced IPHONE to Japan, all thelegends of all kinds of mobile phones in Japan used to be: Japanese people donot love smart phones, Japanese people like to completely break their flipphones, and IPHONE rapidly occupies more than half of the Japanese mobile phonemarket. Business pain does not want to be born.

然而，当日本的手机技术走在世界的前列时，它并不需要费力去推动世界的发展。相反，它与日本运营商合作，并将其出售给运营商。简而言之，日本手机从业者依赖运营商的补贴。回到工作岗位回到运营商定制的舒适区真的很舒服，但这也让日本手机制造商失去了竞争力。然而，当日本的手机技术走在世界的前列时，它并不需要费力去推动世界的发展。相反，它与日本运营商合作，并将其出售给运营商。简而言之，日本手机运营商依赖运营商的补贴。回到工作岗位回到运营商定制的舒适区真的很舒服，但这也让日本手机制造商失去了竞争力。全世界的手机革命都发生在这个时候。当以苹果为代表的智能手机出现时，日本手机制造商并没有取得进展，他们也没有意识到智能手机会破坏所有过去功能机器的所有优势。在Sun Yizheng将IPHONE引入日本之后，日本所有关于各种手机的传说曾经都是:日本人不喜欢智能手机，日本人非常喜欢破翻盖手机，IPHONE迅速占据了日本一半以上的手机市场。商业上的痛苦并不是与生俱来的。

Only Sony, which is stillsurging, is not relying on operators' subsidies to survive in the mobile phonemarket. In the fierce competition in the mobile phone market, mobile phonessuch as Kyocera, Sharp, Sony, and Fujitsu, which have become kings in the past,have been dismissed. The foreign mobile phone market is nearly lost. The domesticmobile phone market is dominated by Apple and even Chinese mobile phones.Manufacturers are playing cool in Japan ----- Huawei's smartphone sales inAmazon Japan, the top 10 mobile phones, 7 Huawei, if non-intimate, it is hardto believe.

只有仍在蓬勃发展的索尼，没有依靠运营商的补贴来在手机市场生存。在手机市场的激烈竞争中，京瓷(Kyocera)、夏普(Sharp)、索尼(Sony)和富士通(Fujitsu)等过去曾是王者的手机已被淘汰。外国手机市场几乎消失。国内手机市场被苹果甚至中国手机所主导。制造商们在日本玩得很酷——华为在日本亚马逊的智能手机销量排名前10，华为7，如果不私密的话，简直难以置信。

In fact Japan's Internet industryGalapagos phenomenon that is not lighter than the mobile phone industry,obviously things are common around the world, the Japanese have to be on topwith a lot of "Japanese specialties."

事实上，日本的互联网产业加拉帕戈斯群岛的现象并不比手机行业轻，显然事情在世界各地都很普遍，日本人不得不在上面加上很多“日本特产”。

TahitoaToefuata, HRM Employee (2013-present)
Why?

为什么？

Have you seen how much costs thebest Sony smartphone? In most countries, Japan as well, it's as expensive ormore expensive than other brands like Apple, Samsung, LG, Oppo, Xiaomi, Huawei,etc…

你知道最好的索尼智能手机有多贵吗?在大多数国家，也包含日本，都比比其他品牌贵，比如苹果、三星、LG、Oppo、小米、华为等。

The Japanese lowest wage ishigher than other countries in Asia if we speak about China, Korea or Taiwan.So they need to sell a lot of phone to down the price or to build those phonesin Vietnam or China.

说到中国大陆、韩国和台湾，日本的最低工资比亚洲其他国家要高。所以他们需要卖出大量的手机来降低价格或者在越南或者中国制造手机。

Japanese companies don't like tobuild their top ranking technologies in other countries. Most highest Japanesetechnologies are still make in Japan and for Japanese only.

日本公司不喜欢在其他国家建立自己的一流技术。大多数最高的日本技术仍然是在日本生产的，而且只用于日本。

And the amount? Well it's simple,nobody cares anymore for Sony smartphones! Their advantage was the Sonyenvironment but nowadays Android (Google) is as convenient and even more. AndJapanese companies don't like to dedicate their goods for the foreign marketwhich is a mistake.

那数量呢？嗯，它很简单，没有人关心索尼智能手机了！过去他们的优势在于索尼的（操作）环境，但现在Android（谷歌）方便，甚至更好。日本公司不喜欢将他们的产品用于国外市场，这是一个错误。

In addition, a Japanese engineercosts far much than a Chinese one. We don't speak about the same salary orsocial advantages. It's the rule of dumping.

此外，日本工程师的成本远远高于中国工程师。我们谈论的不是同样的薪水或社会优势。这是倾销的规则。

But for sure there are Japanesesmartphones with the latest popular technologies. You have Japanese smartphonesin all international meeting about smartphone. Las Vegas, Barcelona, etc… Thedifference is nobody wants to pay their price hahaha.

但可以肯定的是，日本也有拥有最新流行技术的智能手机。在所有关于智能手机的国际会议上都有日本智能手机。拉斯维加斯、巴塞罗那等……不同之处在于，价格太高，没有人愿意买他们的产品，哈哈哈。

PS: If you look carefully,without China, Korea, Japan and Taiwan, there is absolutely no Westerncountries which build smartphone in 2017. Are they all stupid? Definitely no!It's all about modern dumping.

PS: 如果你仔细看看，没有中国大陆、韩国、日本和台湾，2017年绝对没有西方国家生产智能手机。这些西方国家都是愚蠢吗?绝对不!都是现代倾销。

Motorola from the US crashed andeven Google didn't save them. Now it's owned by China and it works. The samewith the French brand Alcatel. It only means that the Western wages are toohigh nowadays to fight with the Asian wages especially with China. And evenChina is thinking to move in Africa now. That's the life.

美国的摩托罗拉崩溃了，甚至谷歌也没能救他们。现在它是中国的，而且还能运行。法国品牌阿尔卡特也是如此。这仅仅意味着西方国家的工资水平太高，与亚洲的工资水平相比，尤其是与中国的工资水平。甚至中国现在也在考虑向非洲转移。这就是现实。

AvinashAvi, Software Engineer (2017-present)
Japan doesn't produce anySmartphones ( even sony manufactures its smartphone via contract with Foxconnin China and Taiwan).

日本不生产任何智能手机(就连索尼也通过与富士康在中国大陆和台湾的合同生产智能手机)。

Its because of labour cost,thats7 times higher than China. Even though japan doesn't manufacture any smartphone,it still manufacture's Components (Display,Camera etc) for smartphones.

因为劳动力成本，日本比中国高7倍。尽管日本没有生产任何智能手机，但它仍然为智能手机生产零部件(显示器、摄像头等)。

Japan once a leader inmanufacturing high end electronic products like Computers, mobiles,camera's andPSP.

日本曾经是高端电子产品制造业的领导者，比如电脑、手机、相机和PSP。

Until 2012 Japanese peoplefavoured towards Flip phones rather than smartphones, japan's leadingManufacturer NEC was more concentrated on Manufacturing flip phones ,whileother nations like korea and china started Manufacturing smartphones(androidbased) .

直到2012年，日本人更喜欢翻盖手机而不是智能手机，日本领先的制造商NEC更专注于翻盖手机的制造，而韩国和中国等其他国家也开始生产智能手机(基于android)。

But since the introduction ofiphone in the japanese market and android based phone's ,it gradually eat allthe market share's of flip phones rapidly making NEC to reduce Manufacturingflip phones and finally shutting down its production on 2017. Now almost 65 %of the japanese buy Iphone which were already assembled in taiwan/china.

但自从iphone在日本市场和android手机市场推出以来，它逐渐蚕食了翻盖手机的全部市场份额，使得NEC迅速减少翻盖手机的生产，并最终在2017年停产。现在几乎65%的日本人购买已经在台湾和中国大陆组装的Iphone。

Due to rise of taiwan,korea andChina made japan's Manufacturing industry move towards these rising countries .

由于台湾、韩国和中国大陆的崛起，日本的制造业向这些新兴国家（和地区）转移。

As of now even Korea,china'sManufacturing cost also increasing. This is making Manufacturing move towardsVietnam and India.

就连现在的韩国，中国的制造成本也在上升。这使得制造业向越南和印度转移。

EarlKinmonth, CEO, Kanji Users Service Operation (1989-present)
One could just as well ask, whyis the US not producing mobiles like China? At one time Motorola was a majorplayer in the mobile phone market. My first mobile phone (bought in Britain)was a Motorola.

人们可能会问，为什么美国不像中国那样生产手机呢?摩托罗拉曾经是移动电话市场的主要玩家。我在英国买的第一部手机是摩托罗拉。

Or why is Finland not producingmobile phones like China? At one time Nokia had a massive presence in themobile phone market.

或者为什么芬兰不像中国这样生产手机?诺基亚曾一度在手机市场占有巨大的市场份额。

Or why is Germany not producingmobile phones like China? My second mobile phone in Britain was Siemens.

或者为什么德国不像中国那样生产手机?我在英国的第二部手机是西门子。

As others have pointed, mobilephones themselves are not all that high techonology. Anyone can design a halfway respectable phone, buy readily available components, and have Foxconnassemble the phone.

正如其他人指出的那样，手机本身并不全是高科技。任何人都可以设计出一款像样的手机，购买现成的零部件，让富士康组装手机。

This is true for most consumerelectronics. When precision manufacturing was important for products such astape recorders, VCR, film cameras, etc. Japanese companies were in a verystrong position because of their manufacturing skills, especially precisionmechanical parts. Now, most consumer electronics have no moving parts and aremanufactured by plugging components into a circuit board.

对于大多数消费电子产品来说，这是事实。当精密制造对磁带录音机、录像机、摄像机等产品很重要的时候，日本公司因为他们的制造技术，尤其是精密机械零件，处于非常有利的地位。现在，大多数消费电子产品都没有移动部件，而是通过将部件插入电路板来制造。

The companies with smartermanagement have moved away from consumer products and focused on industrialequipment or services. Precision medical equipment, for example, is anothergrowth area.

拥有更聪明管理的公司已经从消费产品转向工业设备或工业服务。例如，精密医疗设备是另一个增长领域。

ZulAmal, Inventory Supervisor at Panasonic Air Cond. Msia(2016-present)
To speak the truth, Japan doproduce Mobile phone/Smartphone. Or to be precise Japanese electronic brandsproduce various kind of Smartphones but not many of them are good enough tocompete with Samsung, LG, and Chinese Smartphone makers in global stage.

说实话，日本确实生产手机/智能手机。确切地说，日本电子品牌生产各种类型的智能手机，但它们中没有多少能好到足以在全球舞台上与三星、LG和中国智能手机制造商竞争。

Most of Japanese consumers buylocal branded smartphone and only Apple Iphone able to be the most successfulforeign smartphone brand in Japan. Back to Japanese smartphone brand, only SonyXperia is well known globally. But even Sony couldnt compete very well withglobal smartphone heavyweights.

大多数日本消费者购买本国品牌的智能手机，只有苹果Iphone能够成为日本最成功的外国智能手机品牌。回到日本的智能手机品牌，只有索尼Xperia在全球享有盛名。但即便是索尼也无法与全球智能手机巨头竞争。

Actually the reasons why Japanesebrands couldn't sell their smartphone very well are; 1) very slow in adaptingand adopting global trend. 2) Lack in marketing. 3) Hardware that perform verypoor.

实际上，日本品牌不能很好地销售智能手机的原因是;1)适应和采用全球趋势的速度非常慢。2)缺乏市场营销。3) 硬件性能差。

DhatchayaniRajesh
As far as I understand from thefield of electronics, with my limited knowledge about electronics and Japan(separately), below are the following points to remember:

就我对电子学的了解而言，我对电子学和日本(分别)的了解有限，以下是需要记住的几点:

Japan technology is all aboutreproducing things in consistency rather than new inventions compared to theEuropeans

与欧洲人相比，日本的技术完全是在重复制造东西，而不是新发明。

Japan has other developments inthe field of electroincs and technology rather than the common mobile phoneswhere there is a tremondous competition and limited margin

日本在电子设备和技术领域有其他的发展，而不是像普通手机那样竞争激烈、利润有限

Japan companies (mostly) not anout sourcing kind of nor they like to have a production center in China. Thusthey always wanted to produce in their country

日本公司(大部分是)不对外采购，也不喜欢在中国建立生产中心。因此他们一直希望在自己的国家生产

Unstable market of mobile phones.The life of a mobile phone company is very fragile. Unless you are in themarket with updates and ready to take risks, you are in a soup. Japanese arealways known for a steady kind of business chooser.

手机市场不稳定。手机公司的生命是非常脆弱的。除非你在市场上发布最新信息，准备好承担风险，否则你就陷入了困境。日本人向来以稳定的商业选择者而闻名。

ParisQian Sen, A Mainland Chinese
Japan is good at makingcomponents: like Camera & screens: Sony IMX 363, Sharp LTPS Screen

日本擅长制造元件:如相机和屏幕:索尼imx363、夏普LTPS（低温多晶硅）屏幕

China is good at Integration:Xiaomi MIX, VIVO APEX, Huawei P20 Pro, Foxconn
Everyone play a role inglobalisation.

中国擅长整合:小米MIX、VIVO APEX、华为P20 Pro、富士康
每个人都在全球化中发挥着作用。

VikasShelke, Sr MKT Man
Its market , Chinese aresuccessful due to there low cost operations and offering to end customers ,Japans living of standards are far higher than Chinese . Made in Japan productswill be 8 times expensive than made in china which no body will procure .Japanese giants , Sony , Panasonic, Sanyo , Mitsubishi, sharp produced legendrycordless phones and cell phones but left out like European, American giants tochine , all have factories in china . Take an example of Sony which boughtgreat xperia series but priced too high competing with leaders like Samsung,apple and lost out , Panasonic took cheaper route but not significant inalready floded android market.

它的市场，中国人由于低成本的经营和提供给终端客户而成功，日本人的生活水平远远高于中国人。日本制造的产品比中国制造的贵8倍，没有人会购买。日本的巨头，索尼，松下，三洋，三菱，夏普都生产了具有传奇色彩的无绳电话和手机，就像欧洲，美国巨头一样，都在中国设有工厂。以索尼(Sony)为例，该公司收购了非常棒的xperia系列产品，但定价过高，与三星(Samsung)、苹果(apple)等领军企业竞争，最终败下阵来。松下采取了更便宜的路线，但在已经流行的Android市场中并不显着。

Sony does manage to be leader in high end electronics like gamming and rakehigh profits in there other businesses but consumers electronics is taken byKoreans . Samsung and LG are doing well against Chinese onslaught .

索尼确实在高端电子产品领域取得了领先地位，比如游戏和在其他行业赚取高额利润，但消费者电子产品被韩国人抢走了。三星和LG在中国的冲击下表现良好。

ArmanSiani, Engineer, Entrepreneur, Traveler
“Japan is far more advanced in technology”-Nope.

“日本在技术上要先进得多”——并没有。

Japan’s tech lead over China (itnever really hadmuch of a tech lead vis-a-vis the US) vanished after 2008.Japan’s issues with a stagnant workplace culture and its tech being expensivebut not “people friendly” is, was and will be dragging Japan down.

在2008年之后，日本的技术领先于中国(它从未真正拥有过美国的技术领先优势)。日本的工作文化停滞不前，科技成本高昂，但不是“对人友好”的问题，过去、现在和将来都在拖累日本。

Coming to the specifics of mobiletechnology, how popular your smartphones are is directly related to how goodyour start-up scene is. And Japan’s start-up scene is orders of magnitudesworse than China’s. Chinese apps are popular among Chinese citizens (or“netizens”) and China’s market base is massive.

说到移动技术的细节，你的智能手机有多受欢迎直接关系到你的创业环境有多好。而日本的初创企业也比中国糟糕得多。中国的应用程序在中国公民(或“网民”)中很受欢迎，中国的市场基础是巨大的。

Further, Chinese computer tech,typified by the fact that Lenovo laptops are often the laptop of choice forengineering and scientific applications (along with Dell), is very competitive.Hence, starting from that point, making a smartphone isn’t all that difficult.
Hence, the question’s assumptionis incorrect.

此外，中国的计算机技术，典型的是联想笔记本电脑通常是工程和科学应用的笔记本(与戴尔一起)，竞争非常激烈。因此，从那时起，制造一部智能手机并不是那么困难。因此，这个问题的假设是不正确的。

VasuSharma, former Proprietor at Pride Real Estate (2012-2016)
Japan is a country of innovators,ground breaking research and out of world inventions. They are reallyintelligent and complement their intelligence with hard-work. They buildcompanies like Toyota and Sony. Gems of engineering.

日本是一个由创新、突破性研究和世界上最伟大的发明组成的国家。他们非常聪明，勤能补拙。他们建立了丰田和索尼这样的公司。宝石的工程。工程学上的明珠

China on the other hand is toogood at manufacturing because of extremely cheap labor in their country. Theycan manufacture products with a broad spectrum of quality standards. They manufactureI-phones, a very superiour quality product , as well as unbelievably cheapdecorative lights.

另一方面，由于中国的劳动力极其廉价，中国在制造业上做得太好了。他们可以生产具有广泛质量标准的产品。他们生产i -phone，这是一种非常优质的产品，还有令人难以置信的廉价装饰灯。

DrewTurney, Film and entertainment journalist
One reason might be because Chinastill has the economy to produce advanced commodities (like electronics) verycheap, and is such a leader in the manufacturing of them it now has the meansto innovate on its own.

一个原因可能是，中国经济仍有能力以极低的成本生产先进的商品(如电子产品)，而且中国在制造这些商品方面处于领先地位，因此现在有了自主创新的手段。

Japan, by contrast, has been anindustrialised nation since the early 1900s, so it faces the same economicsfactors (like not being able to manufacture as cheaply as China) as North America,Europe and Australasia.

相比之下，日本自20世纪初以来一直是一个工业化国家，因此它面临着与北美、欧洲和大洋洲同样的经济因素(比如不能像中国那样廉价地生产)。

SamuelLiu, lives in Shanghai
Japan is not producing mobilephones as China because,

日本不像中国那样生产手机，因为，

global leading electronics,computer companies are not producing their top products in Japan anymore

全球领先的电子产品，计算机公司不再在日本生产他们的顶级产品。

China production is far morecheaper, so global corporations give away their technology to China [technologytransfer]

中国的生产成本要低得多，所以跨国公司把他们的技术拱手让给中国[技术转让

In the past, Japanese consumerswere not finicky for the latest and greatest, forcing native champions to lowerR&D

过去，日本消费者对最新的和最好的产品并不挑剔，这迫使本土的冠军企业降低研发成本

Aaliyan Zahid,Channel Manager at YouTube (2015-present)
Because China is already ahead ofthe game. There’s simply no reason in trying to compete with China. InsteadJapan should focus on new markets or “categories”and try to dominate overthere.

因为中国已经赢得了这场竞争。根本没有理由与中国竞争。相反，日本应该专注于新的市场或“类别”，并试图在那里占据主导地位。

Darren Ou(欧达良), Bachelor Network Engineering, GDUFS (2013)
China and Japan have their ownexpertises in term of technologies. China is more advanced in satellite navigation、internettechnology、super computer、quantum computing…

中国和日本在技术上有各自擅长的东西。中国在卫星导航、互联网技术、超级计算机、量子计算等方面更加先进。

RuiruiLiu, works at China Institute of Atomic Energy
1, Who told you, or from whichsource, that you think “Japan is far more advanced in technology”?

1.谁告诉你，或者从哪里来的，使你认为“日本在技术上要先进得多”?

2, The world is changing rapidly.

2.世界瞬息万变

3, Do not count on the passedillusion.

3.不要执迷于过去的错觉