中国J-20隐形战斗机分析 [美国媒体]

Analysis ofthe Chinese J-20 stealth fighter

中国J-20隐形战斗机分析



As an advanced multirole stealthfighter, the J-20 stealth fighter can fulfill both air-to-air and air-to-groundcombat roles for the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) and theaviation branch of the People’s Liberation Army Navy (referred to as eitherNaval Aviation or the PLAN-AF). According to PLAAF Senior Colonel ShenJinke, the J-20 will enhance the overall combat capability of China’s airforce.

作为先进多用途隐形战斗机，J-20隐形战机能够为中国人民解放军空军与中国人民解放军海军航空兵执行空对空和空对地战斗任务。根据解放军空军大校申进科的说法，J-20将全面提高中国空军的战斗力。

Highlights of sn analysis from ChinaPower Team. “Does China’s J-20 rival other stealth fighters?” China Power.February 15, 2017. Updated December 12, 2017. Accessed December 14, 2017. chinapower.csis.org/china-chengdu-j-20/

广告：来自China Power Team的热点分析“中国的J-20对其他隐形战机构成了挑战吗？”chinapower.csis.org/china-chengdu-j-20/

The United States is the only countrywith a fully operational fifth-generation fighter. Several other countriesincluding Russia, India, and Japan are currently in the process of developingtheir own advanced stealth fighters that fit this classification.

美国是唯一一个具有全面作战能力第五代战机的国家。还有其他几个国家，包括俄罗斯、印度和日本正在研发符合这一标准的先进隐形战斗机。

The J-20 is one of two stealthfighters being simultaneously developed in China. The other aircraft is theShenyang FC-31, a smaller multirole stealth fighter that is being developed bythe Shenyang Aircraft Corporation and could potentially be commerciallyexported to other countries. The two Chinese stealth fighters may have beendesigned to complement each other in a similar manner to the planned deploymentof the F-22 and F-35 by the United States. At present, China and the U.S. arethe only two countries that have concurrent stealth fighter programs.

J-20是中国同时研发的两种隐形战机之一。另一种中国隐形战机是沈阳的FC-31，一种相对较小的多用途隐形战机，由沈阳飞机公司研发，具有对其他国家商业出口的潜力。两种中国隐形战机的设计可能是用来相互弥补的，类似于F-22和F-35之间的高低互补。目前，唯有中国和美国同时拥有两种隐形战机。

On September 28, 2017, it wasannounced that the J-20 has been officially commissioned into service, but theaircraft is unlikely to be fully operational until 2018 or 2019.

2017年9月28日，J-20宣布正式服役，但战机估计要到2018年或2019年才具备全面作战能力。

Closer in size to the US F-22

尺寸与美国F-22接近

Early reports over-estimated theJ-20’s length at approximately 23 meters (m), but satellite imagery hasreliably shown the J-20 to be between 20.3 and 20.5 meters long – making itcomparable in size to both its American and Russian counterparts.

早先报道过高估计了J-20的长度，当时估计约为23米，但卫星图像可信地显示出，J-20长度大约在20.3-20.5米间——其尺寸与美国和俄罗斯的对手具有可比性。

It has been reported that the J-20 isexpected to feature a Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) of 34,000 – 37,000kilograms. By comparison, the F-22 has an MTOW of 38,000 kilograms, and theT-50 has an MTOW between 35,000 – 37,000 kilograms. Some analysts have suggested,however, that it is unlikely for the J-20 to have a lower MTOW than the F-22.

有报道称，J-20的最大起飞重量（MTOW）约为34-37吨。相比之下，F-22的最大起飞重量约为38吨，而T-50的最大起飞重量约在35-37吨之间。然而，有些分析家认为，J-20的最大起飞用量不太可能低于F-22。

Weapons

武器系统

The J-20 contains two lateral baysfor small air-to-air missiles and a larger bay under the fuselage for a varietyof missiles and surface attack weapons. This is similar to the weapons bayconfiguration of the F-22.

J-20具有两个侧弹仓，用于装载小型空空导弹，在机身下部有一个大弹仓，可以装载各型号导弹或对地攻击武器。这一点类似于F-22的武器舱配置。

Advanced electronics

先进的电子设备

The J-20 carries a variety ofadvanced electronic systems.
– active electronically scanned array
– a chin mounted infrared/electro-optic search and track sensor
– a passive electro-optical detection system that will provide 360° sphericalcoverage around the aircraft.

J-20配有多种先进电子系统。
—主动相控阵雷达；
—机头下部装有红外/光电搜索和跟踪传感器；
—被动式光电探测系统，能够为飞机提供360°无死角覆盖。

These systems are expected to becomparable to those found inside the F-35.

这些系统被认为可以与F-35的类似系统相媲美。

The J-20 is likely to field anadvanced communications suite that will enable it to datalink with friendlyplatforms in service and platforms under development, such as the Divine Eagleairborne early warning drone.

J-20可能装有先进通讯组件，能够与友方平台和正在研发的平台进行数据交换，例如神鹰早期预警无人机。

Engines

发动机

China plans to upgrade the J-20 inthe coming years with the Chinese-made WS-15 engine, which would provide theJ-20 with sustained supersonic travel (supercruise). This new engine may rivalthe cutting-edge Pratt & Whitney F119 engine currently used by the F-22.Compared to the older engines, the WS-15 would enable the J-20 to travelfurther while consuming less fuel and fly faster for longer periods of time. Itis unknown when the WS-15 will be put online; in the interim, it has beenreported that China has outfitted the newer models of the J-20 with the WS-10engine. The domestically built WS-10 is less powerful than the WS-15, butadvanced versions of the WS-10 are capable of achieving low supercruise. Othercountries with advanced militaries, such as the U.S., Russia, and many Europeancountries, all have fighter aircraft with supercruise capability.

中国计划在未来用中国制造的WS-15发动机升级J-20，这种发动机能够为J-20提供超音速巡航能力。该新型发动机能够与目前用于F-22战斗机普惠公司的F119发动机相匹敌。相比以前的发动机，WS-15可以使J-20飞的更远，而燃料消耗更少，速度更快，滞空时间更长。目前尚不清楚WS-15何时能投入使用；截止当前，有报道称中国已具备了安装有WS-10发动机的J-20原型机。中国国产WS-10的推力低于WS-15，但WS-10的先进版本有能力达到低超音速巡航。其他具有先进军事技术的国家，如美国、俄罗斯和很多欧洲国家，都有具备超音速巡航能力的战斗机。

J-20 Stealth a work in progress

J-20的隐形能力仍待提高

Analysis shows the J-20 has achievedsome Low Observable design goals for enhanced stealth. Such a design allows theJ-20 to bypass radar and electronic countermeasures with low to zerovisibility. However, some aspects of the aircraft, such as the round nozzle ofearlier models (the WS-15 may have a stealthier design) may work against itsstealth capabilities.

有分析显示，J-20已经达到了某些低可探测性设计目标。这样的设计具有很低的可探测性，允许J-20躲过雷达和电子对抗措施。然而，该机的某些方面，如早期原型机的圆形喷口（WS-15可能具有隐形设计）可能会对隐形能力造成不利影响。

Advanced versions of the WS-10 engineare reported to feature sawtooth serrations around its edges that are designedto redirect radar away from the nozzles. In contrast, the F-22’s Pratt &Whitney F119 engines have square nozzles, which greatly improves stealth.

有报道称，先进版本的WS-10发动机的喷口缘为锯齿形，用于将雷达波从喷口反射至其他方向。相比之下，F-22的普惠F119发动机为矩形喷口，能够极大地提升隐形能力

Mass Production and cost

大批量生产和成本

The J-20 has now entered low-rateinitial production (LRIP), the small-quantity testing phase prior to massproduction. Estimates of J-20 cost ranging from $30 million to up to $120million. The F-22 had a per-unit cost of $143 million while the T-50 isestimated to cost less than $100 million. China capable of mass-producing theJ-20. Higher-end estimates indicate that several hundred J-20s will be producedto replace older fighters.

J-20目前已进入低速初始生产，即大批量生产前的小批量测试阶段。预计J-20的成本约在3000万美元到1.2亿美元之间。F-22的单机成本为1.43亿美元，而T-50预计成本低于1亿美元。中国有能力大批量生产J-20。如果按高端预估，将会生产数百架J-20用于替代老式战机。



1楼scaryjello
She's kind of an ugly duckling withthose canards.

有那些鸭翼，简直就是个丑小鸭。
（译者注：没错，以后它会变成白天鹅的）

2楼Mark Stewart
What I wanted to know is the expectedkill ratio. How many J20 to how many F22.

我就想知道预期交换比是多少？J-20和F-22.

reservoir_dogs回复MarkStewart
Kill ratio is so yesterday. Nowadays,it is about system of systems. Each plane has a role to play in this system.How good the system works determines if you are going to win or lose. Contextis also very important. If we are fighting on China's backyard, it will be verydifferent to if we are fighting them far from their homeland.

交换比的说法过于陈旧。今天，都是系统与系统对抗。所有的飞机都在系统中扮演角色。系统工作的有多好，决定了你会赢还是输。作战环境也很重要。如果我们在中国的后院战斗，那么就与我们在远离他们国家的地方战斗截然不同。

Raptor1回复 reservoir_dogs
Seeing as ALL major forces will be,or already are, using network systems and operate on some scale of the systemof systems concept, and since networks are meant to be hacked, slashed, andcorrupted, kill ratio is anything BUT "so yesterday". One of thegoals of the system of systems concept you refer to is to essentially increase"kill ratio" - IF your network (system) works properly (A big IF inmy book), it should impart survivability and lethality that your assets may nothave on their own, so up goes the kill ratio. 
The next major war will likely be a network, war - The winner will bring theopposing "systems" down, and the resulting kill ratio will be THEdeciding factor as to when and how things end. The US doesn't seem to be toowell prepared for it, IMHO - There's this general assumption that things likeF-35s and "automated" systems will always have the advantage of thatnetwork. One only has to consider the enormous amount of data stolen from our"secure", "networked wonder"-35 to understand theimplications of a hacked airborne or ship-borne network.

鉴于所有主要军事力量将会，或者早已采用网络系统并在超系统概念的某种层面上进行作战，而且由于网络就意味着被入侵、破坏或被搞崩溃，交换比绝对不是“过于陈旧”。超系统概念的目标之一就是从本质上提高“交换比”——如果你的网络（系统）工作成正常，那么它就能赋予你本来无法达到的生存力和杀伤能力，也就由此提高了交换比。
下一场大规模战争更可能像是一场网络战争——胜者将会击败对手的“系统”，由此带来的交换比将是“决定性”因素，决定了对手何时和如何完蛋。美国似乎还没有对此做好准备，恕我直言——一般认为像F-35和“自动化”系统总是会有某些网络优势。唯有不得不考虑从我们“安全”“网络奇迹”的F-35被窃取的海量数据，才会明白被黑掉的机载或舰载网络的意义何在。