日本削减其和平主义姿态 [美国媒体]

在一次东亚地缘政治的转变中,日本军方将在一份有争议的新法律下在区域防卫中扮演更广泛的角色。自日本投降二战结束以来的七十年后,日本在远离其和平主义外交政策上迈出了最重要的一步,该政策塑造了日本七十年来的战后历史。


Japan Curtails Its PacifistStance

日本削减其和平主义姿态



In a major shift in EastAsian geopolitics, the Japanese military will play a broader role in regionaldefense under a controversial new law.

在一次东亚地缘政治的转变中,日本军方将在一份有争议的新法律下在区域防卫中扮演更广泛的角色

Matt Ford, Sep 19, 2015
Seven decades after its surrender ended World War II,Japan took its most significant step away from the pacifist foreign policy thatshaped 70 years of its post-war history.

自日本投降二战结束以来的七十年后,日本在远离其和平主义外交政策上迈出了最重要的一步,该政策塑造了日本七十年来的战后历史。

Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe spent considerableeffort to push a bill reinterpreting Article 9 of the country’s constitutionthrough the Diet, Japan’s legislature. On Thursday, legislators brawled whenopposition politicians tried to physically block a vote on the legislation. Itpassed Friday after three days of raucous debate in the House of Councillors,the upper house of the Japanese parliament, marking a historic shift in thenation’s approach to international affairs.

日本首相安倍晋三花费了相当的努力,使得一个重新解释宪法第九条的法案能够通过日本国会。周四,当反对法案的政客试图从物理上阻止立法投票时,立法者间爆发了争执。经过三天的激烈争吵,该法案最终通过了日本参议院,标志着日本对外方针的历史性转变。

Pacifism formed the nucleus of Japan’s foreign policyin the post-war era. The policy is rooted in the horrors of the Pacific War andJapan’s wartime trauma, including the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima andNagasaki. Article 9 of the post-war constitution, drafted under U.S. occupationin 1947, declares that the Japanese people “forever renounce war as a sovereignright of the nation.”

和平主义是战后日本外交政策的核心。该政策根植于太平洋战争的恐怖,以及日本战时的创伤,包括对广岛和长崎的核轰炸。在美军占领时期的1947年起草的战后宪法的第九条宣布日本人民“永久性地将战争排除在国家主权权利之外。”

This constitutional language is common among theformer Axis powers. Article 11 of the Italian Constitution declares that Italy“rejects war as an instrument of aggression.” Article 26 of Germany’s Basic Lawforbids “activities tending and undertaken with the intent to disturb peacefulrelations between nations, especially to prepare for aggressive war.”

这种宪法语句在前轴心国中很普遍。意大利宪法第十一条宣布意大利“绝不将战争作为侵略手段。”德国基本法第二十六条禁止“一切试图或从事扰乱国家间和平关系的活动,尤其是准备侵略性战争。”

But Article 9 goes even further. The second clausepledges that “land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, willnever be maintained” by Japan, and that “the right of belligerency will not berecognized.” As the name of Japan’s military suggests, the JapaneseSelf-Defense Forces exist only to protect the Japanese homeland. JSDF forcesparticipate in UN peacekeeping operations and humanitarian missions, butavoided UN-authorized combat missions in Korea or during the Gulf War. (Anoncombat unit took part in the U.S. occupation of Iraq after Saddam Hussein’sfall, to considerable controversy.)

但是宪法第九条甚至走得更远。其第二款保证日本将“绝不保持任何陆地、海洋、空军,以及其它战争潜力”,并且“挑衅的权利将不会被承认”。正如日本军队的名字所称,日本自卫队只为保护日本本土而存在。自卫队可以参与联合国维和以及人道主义任务,但是避免了联合国授权的朝鲜战争以及海湾战争中的战斗任务。(有争议的是,有非战斗部队参加了美国在推翻萨达姆后对伊拉克的占领)

The bill passed on Friday does not change Article 9’slanguage. That would require a constitutional amendment and two-thirds supportin both houses of the Diet, which Abe and the ruling Liberal Democratic Partylack. Instead, it reinterprets it to allow for “collective self-defense.”

周五通过的法案并没有改变第九条的语言。那将需要一次修宪并将需要国会两院中三分之二的赞成,这是安倍以及执政的自民党缺少的。该法案重新诠释了第九条,以使“集体自卫”成为可能。

Japanese forces will now be able to assist the U.S.and other allies if those allies were attacked, although there would still belimits on the scope and scale of Japanese assistance. The BBC notes, forexample, that Japan could now shoot down a North Korean missile fired at theU.S. and provide logistical support to South Korea if Pyongyang invaded, butcould not deploy Japanese troops to Korea.

日本武装力量将可以支援其受到攻击的盟友,包括美国。不过这种援助的范围与程度仍将受限。BBC举例道:日本现在可以击落朝鲜向美国发射的导弹,也可以在朝鲜入侵时为韩国提供后勤支援,但它不能在朝鲜半岛部署军队。

The reorientation of Japanese foreign policy is amajor triumph for Abe, a conservative nationalist who has long sought a moreassertive posture on the international stage. But his long awaited shift didnot come without criticism. Tens of thousands of students protested the bill inTokyo, and opposition leader Tatsuya Okada warned that the bill and othersecurity-related measures would “leave a big scar on Japanese democraticpolitics.”

日本外交政策的转向对安倍而言是一大胜利,这位保守的民族主义者一直在国际舞台上寻求更咄咄逼人的姿态。但是这一他等待已久的转变并非没有受到批评。数万学生在东京抗议该法案,反对派领导冈田克也(译:原文有误,应为Katsuya Okada)警告说该法案以及其他安全领域的措施将会“在日本民主政治上留下巨大伤痕。”

As my colleague David Graham noted when Abe visitedthe United States in April, U.S. resistance to reinterpreting Article 9 hasfaded as World War II recedes into history. But in China, a major regionalrival of Japan where memories of World War II-era war crimes still loom largein the popular imagination, the response to Abe’s victory was much lessenthusiastic.

正如我的同事David Graham在安倍四月访美时指出的那样,美国对重新解释第九条的抵抗已经随着二战历史的远去而逐渐消逝。但是在作为该地区日本的主要对手的中国,关于二战中战争罪行的记忆仍然在大众想象中十分深刻,它对安倍的胜利的回应也远非热情。

“We demand that Japan genuinely listen to just appealsfrom both at home and abroad, learning from historical lessons and adhering tothe path of peaceful development,” a Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman saidFriday, according to the Washington Post.

据《华盛顿邮报》报道,一位中国外交部发言人在周五表示:“我们郑重敦促日方切实汲取历史教训,认真倾听日本国内和国际社会的正义呼声,重视亚洲邻国安全关切,坚持和平发展道路。”



alphadog16  • aday ago   
Bravo Japan. Pacifism only leads to the other guytaking your stuff.

干得好日本。和平主义只会导致其他人拿你的东西。

JXS  • 7 hoursago  
Japan better not pull any of that BS again or we'llhave more than Fat Man and Little Boy for them....... Castle Bravo MIRVs.

日本最好别再乱搞,不然我们就不止给他们“胖子”和“小男孩”了(译:1945的两颗核弹名)。。。什么“喝彩城堡”(译:wiki氢弹试验)呀、分导多弹头导弹之类的。

Arcite  • 18hours ago  
This is a fantastic development, not only does it openup new markets for Japan in the defense sector, it also allows them to taketheir rightful place at the forefront of peacekeeping and anti-terrorisminterventions alongside allies in the region. Only by joining together withlike-minded democratic allies will China's thirst for power be placated.

这真是精彩的发展。这不仅为日本打开了新的防务市场,也同样允许日本在该地区与其盟友一起在反恐以及维和前线肩负应尽的责任。只有与其民主国家的盟友同心协力才能阻止中国对权力的渴望。

cxt  • 15 hoursago  
Makes sense.
The more bellicose China gets the more its neighborsfear and arm up.
The more crazy North Korea acts the more its neighborsfeel the need to step up their own militarization.
Nobody likes a more militant Japan--esp given thehistory. But China etc is causing it themselves.

很合理。
中国越好战,它的邻居越害怕它并武装自己。
朝鲜越疯狂,它的邻居越觉得需要发展自己的军事实力。
没人喜欢军事化的日本—尤其是考虑到它的历史。但是这是中国等国自己造成的。

marathag  • aday ago  
Congrats, China! You got a nation to rearm thateveryone thought would never happen

恭喜中国!你使得一个从没人相信会这样做的国家重新武装了

NicolasBourbaki • 19 hours ago   
Media sees this as self defense when it really ispaving the way for military aggression. But then again the same imbeciles alsothought attacking Iraq was self-defense. But when China builds a few sand dunesin contested waters, the same belligerent imbeciles see that as aggressivemilitary action.


媒体认为这是自卫,但这实际上为军事侵略扫平了道路。同样,傻子也相信攻击伊拉克是自卫。但是当中国在有争议的水域建起少量沙堆时,同样的一群好战的白痴认为这是侵略性的军事行动。

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