中国是发展中国家吗？（下） [美国媒体]

Is China a developing country?

中国是发展中国家吗？（下）

Dharm Sidhu, 主管，软件工程师
To understand this better, We first need to talk about the main criteria on which a country is uated for being qualified to be called “DEVELOPED” country
COMPARISON DEVELOPED COUNTRIES v/s DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

为了更好的理解，我们首先需要讨论的是一个国家被称为"发达国家"的主要标准。
比较发达国家和发展中国家

Meaning
Developed - A country having an effective rate of industrialization and individual income is known as Developed Country.
Developing - Developing Country is a country which has a slow rate of industrialization and low per capita income.

含义
发达国家——一个有着有效工业化和个人收入的国家被称为发达国家。
发展中国家——发展中国家是一个工业化程度较低、人均收入较低的国家。

Unemployment and Poverty
Developing : High
Developed : Low

失业和贫困
发展中国家：高
发达国家：低

Rates
Developed : Infant mortality rate, death rate and birth rate is low while the life expectancy rate is high.
Developing: High infant mortality rate, death rate and birth rate, along with low life expectancy rate.

比率
发达国家：婴儿夭折率，死亡率和出生率很低，而预期寿命率高
发展中国家：婴儿夭折率，死亡率和出生率很高，预期寿命率低

Living conditions
Developed: Good
Developing: Moderate
Generates more revenue
Developed: From Industrial Sector
Developing : Sector Service

居住条件
发达国家：好
发展中国家：一般
收入来源
发达国家：工业
发展中国家：服务业

Growth
Developed : High industrial growth.
Developing: They rely on the developed countries for their growth.
Standard of living
Developed: High
Developing : Low

增长
发达国家：工业增长快
发展中国家：依赖于发达国家的经济增长
生活水准
发达国家：高
发展中国家：低

Distribution of Income
Developed: Equal
Developing : Unequal
Factors of Production
Developed : Effectively utilized
Developing : Ineffectively utilized

收入分配
发达国家：公平
发达国家：不公平
生产要素
发达国家：有效利用
发展中国家：非有效利用



The World Bank has in fact dropped the term ‘Developing Country’ in its reports - Here and Here. The World Bank is now classifying countries according to Gross National Income (GNI) per capita - Here.

事实上，世界银行在报告中提到了“发展中国家”这个词——点这里看。世界银行现在根据人均国民收入(GNI)对各国进行分类——点这里看。

According to World Bank, “As of 1 July 2015, low-income economies are defined as those with a GNI per capita, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method, of $1,045 or less in 2014; middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $1,045 but less than $12,736; high-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,736 or more. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $4,125”.

根据世界银行报告，“根据世界银行阿特拉斯法计算，自2015年7月1日起，2014年人均国民总收入在1045美元之下的经济体被称为低收入经济体；中等收入经济体的人均国民收入超过1045美元，但低于12736美元；高收入经济体的人均国民收入为12736美元或更多。低中收入和高中收入经济体以4125美元人均国民收入为分界”

You can access the World Bank GNI per capita database - Here. For China, as of 2015, its GNI per capita is $7,930 - Here. At this level, according to World Bank, China is considered to be within the ‘Upper-Middle Income Economies’ group - Here.

你可以访问世界银行人均国民收入数据库——点这。至于中国，自2015年起，其人均国民收入达到了7930美元——点这。根据世界银行的数据，在这个水平上，中国被认为属于“中高收入经济体”。——点这

However, as we know, China is a very big country with nearly 1.4 billion people. The income disparity is also very far and wide from the Tier 1 cities to the Tier 3 cities.
To answer strictly the question, according to World Bank classification, China is an upper-middle income country.

然而，众所周知的是中国幅员辽阔拥有14亿人口。从一线城市到三线城市的收入差距也很大。
严谨地回答这个问题，根据世界银行的分类，中国是一个中高收入国家。

Dawei Chen,就职于南加利福尼亚大学 (2015-2016)
I have visited or lived in many what people call “developed countries,” such as Singapore, HK(SAR), USA, Canada… And I have lived in China for about 18 years across various provinces and major cities.

我曾经去过或定居在许多被人们称为“发达国家”的地方，例如新加坡、香港（特别行政区）、美国、加拿大…. 我在中国各省份和大城市生活了18年。
To Answer your question:
China as whole. Yes. It is very much a developing country if you compare it with Singapore or Japan as a whole. Or if you look at GDP per capita.

回答你的提问：
总的来说，相比新加坡和日本而言，中国仍是发展中国家。你可以参考人均GDP。

In various parts of China, GDP per capita is very high.
For instance, in Nanshan, Shenzhen, GDP per capita reached near 50,000 USD in 2014, I have not seen the latest GDP per capita data on these parts, but Nanshan alone has been growing at over 8.5%/yr in GDP, which would roughly give us about 59,000 USD in 2017, which is roughly the same to Los Angeles.

在中国的某些地区，人均gdp非常高。
例如，深圳南山区，在2014年人均gdp达到了5000美刀，我还没有看到南山最新的人均GDP数据，但仅南山的年增长率就超过了8.5%，大概在2017年人均gdp会达到59000美元，与洛杉矶大致相同。

Generally speaking, major cities in China has better infrastructures than major cities in America （and Canada）, but they can’t represent China as a whole, and some of the best “China things” are not in these places.

一般来说,中国主要城市的基础设施比美国（以及加拿大）的主要城市都要好，但他们不能代表整个中国，一些最好的“中国东西”不在这些地方。

Better roads, metro systems, newer structures in Chinese cities such as Shanghai, Hangzhou… When my parents visited me in California, we were in LA,SD, and SF. They kept asking me, “why does it look so poor here, I thought America is rich and developed.” And I kept trying to explain to them how east cost is very different, and how, at least in SoCal, the state is not that huge on infrastructures, which is why it might not be as “fancy” as you have imagined prior to coming here.

更好的道路、地铁系统、中国城市上海杭州等新式建筑….. 当我的父母来加州看我时，我们到过洛杉矶、圣迭戈、旧金山。他们不停地问我：“为什么这里看起来那么穷，我本想美国很有钱，很发达的啊。” 我不断地向他们解释东海岸是不同的，至少在南加州是这样，政府在基础设施上的投入并没有那么大，这就是为什么它不像你之前想象的那样“美妙”。

Small towns in China are relatively “third world.”
Small towns in China, generally speaking and mind my words, are forgotten and underdeveloped shit-holes where young people have left for their pursuits of better lives in the cities; or they have grown into cities because of immigrants from other towns; or they have become popular holiday travel destinations that people wish to keep them “un-developed.” Whereas in Japan, smaller towns still feels “developed.”

中国的小城镇就是“第三世界”
一般来说，记住我说的，中国的小城镇是被遗忘，落后的，年轻人为了追求更好的生活而离开定居别的城市；或者因为来自其他城镇的移民而成长为城市；或者因为人们希望它们保持“不发达”成为受欢迎的热门旅游目的地。然而在日本，在小的城镇也让人觉得“发达”。

Generally speaking, the current generation of Chinese are mostly small-towners who migrated to cities with a “third-world” mentality.
People in general are not as well-mannered, which in my book, is a very important symptom of a developed country.

一般来说，目前这一代中国人大多是小城镇市民，他们以“第三世界”的心态移居到城市。

在我看来，人们都不太有礼貌，这是发达国家的一个非常重要的特征。 This is Wuzhen, in Zhejiang, China. I was there about 10 days ago. It is a small town, with no skyscrapers, infrastructures, and not famous for being modern or developed, but, now, an increasingly popular tourist destination. It is laid back, friendly, rich in culture, food, and supremely beautiful. I would pick this little town than most places I have ever set foot on. And in my book, Wuzhen is “developed” in its own way.

这是中国浙江乌镇。我在十天前到过那。这个城镇很小，没有摩天大厦、基础设施，并非因为现代化或者发达而闻名于外，但现在，成为了游客大量光顾的热门景点。乌镇生活很休闲，人们很友好，文化和食物都很丰富，太美了。相比我去过的大多数城市，我更愿意选择这个小小的城镇。在我看来，乌镇有着他自己的“发达之处”。



4. The education system. China has a nine-year compulsory education system, and it is covered around 92%. The first 6years, elementary school education, is covered more than 99%. This is higher actually than a lot of developed countries. The illiterate people, are around 8%, well, there is some historical reason, and you are including places like Tibet.

4. 教育系统。中国实行九年制义务教育，比例约占92%。义务教育前6年，小学教育的覆盖率超过了99%。这比许多发达国家都要高。文盲率大约8%，这是因为某些历史原因，包括了XZ地区。

In all, China is a lot more developed than the usual developing Countries.
One more about the electricity, I just looked up.
By 2015, the last 30 thousands people in Tibet, who had NOT electricity before, now have electricity. Well, it is like a joke I noticed in the other posts saying China’s cities are developed, that they all have electricities. All, I mean all places, even the most remote small villages in

总的来说，中国比通常的发展中国家发达得多。
还有电力的问题，我只是查了一下。
到2015年，最后3万藏人通电了，而之前他们还没有电。这就像一个笑话，我在其他帖子中注意到，中国的城市很发达，都有电。我指的是所有的地方，甚至是最偏远的小村庄