为什么印度的航母建造速度不及中国 [美国媒体]

Why can’t India build its own aircraft carrier ships at the same speed as China

为什么印度的航母建造速度不及中国

JC Hóu
JC Hóu, Very VERY amateur military enthusiast
Updated Sun
This is going to be a brief answer where I will simply list the reasons broadly and as neutrally as I can:
The Indian standard for shipbuilding and especially military shipbuilding has always been relatively slower. Usually for destroyers (the backbone of most medium to large navies) India takes around 10 years from laying down to commissioning one. I don't know what procedures caused this but it seems consistent and likely systematic, while for China in the recent two decades the span for building a destroyer is usually well within 5 years (also from laying down to commissioning). So it shouldn't be a surprise that for aircraft carriers the situation is similar.
Chinese ships almost all use domestically-built equipment. No negotiation, procurement, uation, etc. with foreign parties was needed for the recently-launched Type-002 (known to some as the Type-001A) carrier. The Type-001 kept a lot of the existing Soviet design and they have reportedly changed much of that from radar to propulsion, because they can and want to… 
The Vikrant for India seems to use quite some foreign equipment, and it does not help those equipment need more time for integration also. The Vishal should rely on foreign components even more because it will be (reportedly) nuclear-powered and equipped with catapults, which seem almost certainly to be imported or "jointly done".
Fully-integrated supply chain. No need to elaborate about this. This is the norm for China from most military equipment to the household appliance industry.
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我觉得原因有：
印度对造船尤其是军事造船的标准一直都是较慢的。比如驱逐舰（大部分中型到大型海军的支柱），印度从建造到服役一般要10年，我不知道是什么程序要花这么长时间，但貌似情况一直都是这样的，而中国在最近的20年时间里，建造一艘驱逐舰一般5年内就搞定（也是从建造到服役）。因此，对于航母来说，二者所需要的时间差不多也是这样的差距。
中国船只几乎都用国产设备，不同谈判，采购，评估等等，最近中国建设的首艘国产航母，需要用到外国的部件。辽宁号保留了很多现存的俄罗斯设计，据称在雷达和推进系统上都做了改变，因为他们想要，也具备这个能力。。。
印度的维克拉特号貌似也使用了很多外国部件，这没有帮助，因为这些部件需要更多时间进行整合。另一艘航母Vishal可能更加依赖外国部件，因为据称它是核动力的并且装备弹射器，所以肯定得进口或者联合制造。
完全整合的供应链。这就无需多言了。中国从大部分军事装备到家用电器都具有这一优势。

Sashank Reddy, works at Neato Robotics
Answered Sat
Budgets & Finances.
The Navy needs a fleet sizeof over 200 ships with primary purpose being anti ship and anti submarine in addition strategic deterrence. The aircraft carrier is an offensive platform and an expensive one at that. The current Vikrant under construction has already exceeded $4 billion. That’s a major chunk of money sunk into one ship. We get a lot of sensitive equipment imported and they cost in $ which means we are paying costs like the US and Europe with Indian defense budget.
For the same $4 billion, we can get 4 - 5 modern destroyers or frigates or 9 - 12 conventional attack submarines or 7 nuclear submarines. This is the reason aircraft carriers are frowned upon. You can an entire fleet for the price of 5 carriers. In fact, with enough modern submarines, one can easily challenge an aircraft carrier fleet. Submarines are deadly to a carrier. This makes the carriers very expensive losses in war. Indian Navy does not need too many carriers at this point as it operates more or less in its own back yard. Island bases help more than carriers.
We are building 45 ships at once. Our capacity for construction is pretty good. Many new private players have entered the industry as well. Its only mater of will and more importantly funding.
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预算和资金。
海军需要一支200多艘舰艇的舰队，主要目的是反舰和反潜，加上战略性威慑。航母是一种进攻性的平台，也是昂贵的。目前在建的维克拉特号已经耗资40亿美元。一艘船就花了这么多，太贵了。我们的很多敏感装备都是进口的，也就是说我们用我们那小小的预算来像欧美那样购买昂贵的装备。
40亿美元，我们可以获得4-5艘的现代驱逐舰或护卫舰，或者9-12艘传统的攻击性潜艇或者7艘核潜艇。所以这就是人们不待见航母的原因所在。你用5艘航母的价格就能打造整支舰队。事实上，只要有足够的现代潜艇，就可以挑战一个航母舰队。潜艇是航母的致命对手。这使得航母成为了巨大的战争代价。目前印度海军并不需要太多航母，因为印度都在自己的后院海域航行，比起航母，海岛基地更好。
我们一次建造45艘船。我们的建设能力相当强。很多新的私人玩家也进入了这个产业。只要有意志和资金就能搞定。

Robert Clouse, Disable Veteran at Cincinnati, OH (2000-present)
Answered Tue
China hasn't build it's own carrier yet! It has bought 4 ex-carriers (since 1985), and the carrier it uses now is the converted Soviet aircraft carrier Varyag (Kuznetsov class), bought in 1998!
Through various ventures, China has also purchased the ex-Soviet carriers Minsk and Kiev. These carriers have become floating amusement parks for tourists.
It next Chinese Carrier, home built, was started in the mid 2010′s, and isn't expected to be operational until 2023!
Starting when the Chinese bought the Australian HMAS Melbourne, in 1985, it wasn't until 2011 the Chinese had a carrier at sea, but they didn't land a aircraft in it until November 2012!
China has bought 4 ex-carriers, one Australia, and three Soviet, but one has been sent to sea and it still isn't operational!
The Indian carrier, the Vikrant-class, was started from scratch in 2009, and expected to be operational in 2018, 9 years later. The Chinese Carrier is converted Soviet carrier bought in 1998, and still not operational until 2012, 14 years later!
BTW, the Chinese carriers are basically the equal to WW2 light carriers, holding about 40 aircraft at the most!
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中国还没有建成自己的航母！自1985年以来中国购买了四艘前航母，现在用的这艘航母是从前苏联航母改造过来的，购买于1998年！
通过各种途径，中国还购买了前苏联的明斯克和基辅号航母。这些航母被改造成水上乐园。
下一艘中国国产航母始于2010年代中期，直到2023年才正式服役。
1985年中国开始购买了澳洲的墨尔本号航母，直到2011年才服役了一艘，直到2012年11月才降落了飞机。
中国总共购买了4艘前航母，一艘澳洲的，三艘苏联的，只有一艘服役，而且还不能投入运营。
而印度的维克拉特级航母始于2009年，预计2018年投入运营，9年时间。中国改造1998年从前苏联购买的航母，直到2012年才运营，14年。
顺便说一下，中国航母相当于二战的轻型航母， 最多载40架飞机。

Frank Zako, Mental traveler
Answered May 18
Just look at one thing, an aircraft carrier like type 001A has about 800 million parts of all kinds. China can make all of them with speed and quatlity. Just ask how many of them can be made in India how soon?
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像001A型航母，大约8亿个部件。中国可以快速生产所有这些高质量的部件。就问问印度能造多少，速度多快？

Aazash Ranga
Answered Sat
China has refined the science of construction and building to an art form. As an Indian I truly admire their skills and ability to execute. You guys are the best at the moment.

中国已经将建造和建设科学上升为一门艺术。作为印度人，我真心赞赏他们的技能和执行能力。就目前而言，你们是最棒的。