为什么是中国而不是墨西哥成为世界的制造业中心？（上） [美国媒体]

Why can't Mexico be the manufacturing hub of the world, instead of China?

为什么是中国而不是墨西哥成为世界的制造业中心？（上）



Brian Sa, lives in Mexico
Answered Apr 16
There are many obstacles faced by Mexico that diminish its potential as a manufacturing hub.
I’ll name a few.
-Supply chains:
In China you can easily find suppliers of all kinds of commodities and goods that can be delivered relatively quickly and cheap (due to many logistics companies competing to serve the market) from all over the world.
That is simply not the case in Mexico. Only certain industries, e.g. auto manufacturers, have developed a solid supply chain. Yet, it is small compared to the car manufacturing industry in China which produces 5x more cars than Mexico.
-Workforce
In Ciudad Juárez, Mexico when the US economy is doing well there can be 350 maquiladoras (assembly factories) operating, employing 300,000 workers and offering 15,000 job openings. In those cases, companies struggle to hire qualified workers to meet demand.
Yet, in China, just 1 manufacturing company can request 10,000 or more workers and hire them in a month.
That would be impossible in Mexico. Simply, there are not enough people available in its cities to fulfill the demand of workers a world’s manufacturing hub needs.
-Currency
Up to recently the renminbi had a fixed exchange rate system that allowed China to undervalued its currency in order to make exports cheaper.
Mexico operates a floating exchange rate and its currency is highly use by speculators. It would be difficult to benefit exports using an undervalued currency.
Take a look at Germany—another manufacturing hub—and how the value of the euro allows them to increase exports.
-Infrastructure
China has multiple and massive navigable rivers, cargo train routes, highways, ports, airports, and all kinds of modern infrastructure that facilitates commerce and foster manufacturing.
Mexico lacks adequate infrastructure EVERYWHERE.
For example:
There are no navigable rivers that could decrease transportation costs and increase flow of goods. China has the longest navigable waterways system, btw.
In Mexico geography is an obstacle for production and trade of goods. On the north there is a desert. On the south there is dense jungle. On the east and west there are 2 mountain range systems, the Sierra Madre Occidental and Oriental.
In order to overcome those natural obstacles you’ll need lots of financial and political capital. Currently Mexico lacks both.

墨西哥面临着很多障碍，导致它无法成为制造业中心。
我来列几个原因：
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1、供应链
在中国，你可以轻易找到各种商品和货品的供应商，而且发货快速便宜（很多物流公司互相竞争）。而墨西哥就没有这个优势了。只有某些产业，比如汽车制造业才拥有强大的供应链系统。然而，和中国的汽车产业相比，还是很小，中国的汽车产量是墨西哥的五倍。
2、劳动力
在墨西哥的Ciudad Juárez，当美国的经济运行良好时，这里有350家的装配工厂在运行着，雇佣30万工人，15000个职位空缺。在这种情况下，企业拼命雇佣合格工人以满足需求。

而在中国，单单一个工厂就可能需要1万人，一个月内就能招满人。这在墨西哥是不可能的。墨西哥城市里没有足够的人口来满足招工需求。
3、货币
最近人民币有了一个固定的汇率系统，从而中国可以贬值自己的货币，让自己的出口产品更具便宜。
而墨西哥是浮动的汇率，其货币被投机者高度使用。所以很难通过贬值的货币给出口带来好处。
看看德国——另一个制造业中心——看看欧元的价值如何提高了德国的出口。



Brian Sa
Apr 16 · 6 upvotes
I know China did many things that ended up industrilizing the economy.
Yet, here the question is about what Mexico can do to become world’s manufacturing hub and that means surpassing China as the leader. Therefore I listed my thoughts on that matter.

我知道中国做了很多是，最终经济工业化。
然而，这个问题是墨西哥应该怎么做才能成为世界的制造业中心，这意味着要超越中国。所以我列出了自己的看法。



Tyler Han
Jul 6
I think you just point out the result, not the cause. For wxample, why China can build so much high end transport capital construnction? because china can take over for use lands easilier. Why, because land owership and the law. Because we build so much steel factories. So, Mexico should focus on CN have so much roads, Mexico should reform the ownership of land, and publish new law. And gov should do financial tools and policy for support building steel factory,etc.

我认为你列举的这些都是结果，而非原因。比如中国为什么可以建造这么多的高端交通基建？因为中国可以轻易的征收土地，因为土地所有权和法律，因为我们建了那么多钢厂。墨西哥应该改革土地所有权，制定新的法律。政府应该提供财政和政策上的支持，以建设更多钢厂。