你认为历史上最有趣的事件是什么？（一） [美国媒体]

What do you think is the most interesting event in history?

你认为历史上最有趣的事件是什么？



[–]dillpiccolol 172 points 3 years ago
The Taiping rebellion
Brief synopsis: A man reads Christian missionary texts and has a vision that he is Jesus's brother. He ends up starting a rebellion that nearly topples the ruling dynasty and occupies Nanjing as its capital. Millions of people die in this extremely bloody, but interesting religious war. His version of Christianity is vastly different than traditional western Christianity. Really interesting stuff. The best book on it is probably God's Chinese Son

太平天国起义
简介：一个男人读基督教传教士的书籍，并且产生了他是耶稣的兄弟的幻象。他最终发动了一场几乎终结了当时统治中国的王朝的叛乱，并将南京作为其首都。数以百万计的人死于这场极其血腥但却有趣的宗教战争。他的基督教的版本与传统的西方基督教截然不同。非常有趣的事情。关于它的最好的参考书可能是《上帝的中国儿子》

[–]RedKitFly 5 points 3 years ago
Piggy backing on this comment, everything about Chinese history from this specific event onwards (to about the 1950s) is a roller coaster of political intrigue, passionate, patriotic speeches, civil war, civil-civil war, revolutions, insane diplomatic maneuvers and a heap of instability. DEFINITELY worth a read if you're looking for context on how batshit insane the People's Republic of China can be!

回在这篇评论，从这个特定的事件开始（到20世纪50年代），关于中国历史的一切都是一场充满了政治阴谋、激情、爱国演讲、内战、内战的内战、革命、疯狂的外交做法和诸多动荡的过山车。如果你想了解中国人民共和国能有多疯狂，那绝对值得一读。

[–]DevFRus 9 points 3 years ago
The bloodiest religious war in history :(.

这是历史上最血腥的宗教战争

[–]Beloson[??] 2 points 3 years ago
Around 20 million dead

大约2000万人死亡



[–]Anon_Amous 153 points 3 years ago
It always boggles my mind when I think about how much one type of broadly applicable technology basically created civilization.

当我想到基本上就是一种广泛适用的技术创造了文明的时候，它总是让我感到惊讶。

[–]9r1fFN3sS 80 points 3 years ago
And domesticated cats. We can't let reddit forget agriculture also spawned its favorite.

还有家养的猫。我们不能让reddit忘记农业也催生出了它的最爱。

[–] [deleted] 66 points 3 years ago
I watched a documentary recently, they had an interesting view on cats. I don't know if it's true or not but it makes you think. They said that basically, cats were never domesticated. Sure there are certain breeds and we have manipulated them based on the ones we like, but by and large cats just show up on the spot and people like them. It's a mutually beneficial relationship. Cats keep down the vermin, and we keep away their predators and help them out with food. We just naturally get along.

我最近看了一部纪录片，他们对猫有一个有趣的看法。我不知道这是不是真的，但它能让你有所思考。他们认为，猫基本上可以说从来没有被驯化过。当然有一些品种，我们根据我们喜欢的品种来操纵它们，但是大型猫科动物只是出现了，然后人们便喜欢上了它们。这是一种互惠互利的关系。猫会把害虫控制住，我们会赶走它们的捕食者，帮助它们获取食物。我们只是自然地相处而已。

[–]limeypepino 7 points 3 years ago
Do you remember the name of it?

你还记得它的名字吗？

[–]Averagenotmean 10 points 3 years ago
If it's the programme I'm thinking of then it was on BBC and called "Pets - Wild At Heart".

如果它是我所认为的那个节目的话，那就是在BBC的《宠物—心中狂野》

[–]gusmac 3 points 3 years ago
It was a recent Through The Wormhole. Is there a reason we are here? I believe was the title

是最近播出的《穿越虫洞》。我们在这里有什么原因吗？我相信这就是片名

[–]EATTHEFLUFF 3 points 3 years ago
There's a episode of 'stuff you should know' that mentions this. Apparently cats don't fit the true definition of a domesticated animal due to their capacity to survive without humans. It's really interesting. We just like each other!

其中有一集叫做“你应该知道的事情”提到了这一点。显然，猫不符合驯养动物的真正定义，因为它们有能力在没有人类的情况下生存下去。这点真的很有趣。我们只是喜欢彼此而已！

[–]dukefett 4 points 3 years ago
I've heard this too anecdotally that cats domesticated themselves and meowed because humans liked the sound.

我听过这样的传闻：猫之所以驯化自己，并发出喵喵叫的声音，是因为人类喜欢这种声音。

[–]BlisterBox 2 points 3 years ago
meowed because humans liked the sound
I've read this as well. Cats supposedly never meow at each other -- only at humans. They growl, yowl, hiss and purr at other cats, but never meow.
On a side note, I find it interesting that I can sometimes narrow down what my cat wants (food, litter box cleaned, let out) by how he meows.

我也读过这篇文章。喵星人从来不会对彼此喵喵叫——它们只对人类发出这种声音。它们对其他的猫咆哮、发出嘘声、嘶嘶声和呼噜声，但从不发出喵喵的声音。
另一方面，我发现有趣的是，我有时可以通过我的猫的喵喵叫来判断它想要什么（食物，清洁过的猫砂盒子，出去放风）。

[–]helgihermadur 3 points 3 years ago
IIRC cats are the only animal that's naturally attracted to humans. Dogs are just wolves that have decided that living with humans is more beneficial than eating them. Cats haven't really changed.

如果我记得没错的话，猫是唯一一种自然而然被人类吸引的动物。狗只是狼而已，它们发现和人类一起生活比吃掉他们更有好处。猫并没有发生真正的改变。

[–]HebrewHamm3r 2 points 3 years ago
And occasionally worship them

而且还偶尔崇拜他们

[–]badsingularity 2 points 3 years ago
I guess you've never seen a feral cat.

我猜你从来没见过一只野猫。

[–]Azrael11 20 points 3 years ago
Not OP but I think that the farmers had problems with rats and mice eating their crop so when the bobcat or whatever feline ancestor came around they didn't chase it off and actually encouraged it to stick around.

我认为农民们在如何处理偷吃他们的作物的老鼠时遇到了问题，所以当山猫或其他猫科动物的祖先出现时，他们并没有把它赶出去，而是鼓励它呆在周围。



[–]Speciou5 2 points 3 years ago
And when the black plague hit, people were killing black cats left and right due to superstition... which in turned let rodents and their fleas run more rampant.

当黑死病袭来时，人们因为迷信而杀死了黑猫。这使得啮齿动物和它们带来的跳蚤变得更加猖獗。

[–]Anon_Amous 1 point 3 years ago
Well I'm a dog person...

好吧，我是一个狗奴

[–]Mughi 1 point 3 years ago
And led to the invention of beer. Let's not forget that.

并且导致了啤酒的发明。我们不要忘记这一点。

[–]TenTonsOfAssAndBelly 3 points 3 years ago
I love thinking about how much impact even simple machines really had over time as they served mankind.
One example I like to think about are billows, that thing that blows air onto fire in a sort of accordion-like fashion. It's simple as all hell as a device, but it allowed Europeans to create hotter flames. Which in turn led to refined smelting of iron, and blacksmiths could create far superior armaments.
Even simple Spanish breastplates and swords were invaluable to the toppling of the Inca and Aztec empire. All of that made possible by a tool that is incredibly simple and kinda fun to play with.

我喜欢思考这样一件事：即使是在简单的机器为人类服务的过程中，它会产生多大的影响。
我想到的一个例子是鼓风机，它能以一种类似手风琴的方式把空气吹到火上。它很简单，就像一个设备，但它让欧洲人制造出了温度更高的火焰。这反过来又导致了精炼铁的出现，铁匠们可以制造出优良得多的军事装备。
即使是简单的西班牙胸甲和剑，在印加和阿兹特克帝国覆灭过程中所起的作用也是无可估量的。所有这些都是通过一个非常简单和有趣的工具实现的。

[–]BlisterBox 2 points 3 years ago
how much impact even simple machines really had over time
Or perhaps not always "simple," but certainly little thought of today as being particularly revolutionary. One that comes to mind for me is the electric starter for cars. Replacing the dangerous, strenuous and difficult hand-crank starter made automobiles suddenly usable by the entire population, including women, and dramatically jump-started their popularity (pun intended).

即使是在简单的机器为人类服务的过程中，它会产生多大的影响。
或者也许不总是“简单的”，但今天很少有什么想法是特别具有革命性的。对我来说，我最能想到的就是汽车的电动启动器。更换掉危险的、费力的和困难的手摇曲柄使汽车突然能够为包括妇女在内的所有人使用，并戏剧性地让它们大受欢迎。

[–]ithkrul 2 points 3 years ago
And soap. Cant have civilization without soap.

还有肥皂。没有肥皂就没有文明。

[–]someguynamedjohn13 3 points 3 years ago
You can but its smelly

你可以创造文明，但是它会有臭味

[–]ithkrul 1 point 3 years ago
Well that stinks

是的，很臭



[–] houseofmatt 4 points 3 years ago
Or that among the first grains farmed was barley, for beer. Beer was safe to drink, full of nutrients, safe to store and you know, beer. Nomadic tribes settled to grow barley where the "gods" made good beer, otherwise known as where good wild yeast was, and so really love for good beer started civilization.

或者还有，在第一批种植的谷物中，有酿造啤酒用的大麦。饮用啤酒是安全的，它充满了营养，可以储存，你知道的，啤酒。游牧部落定居在种植大麦的地方，那里的“神”创造出了好的啤酒，也就是说他知道哪里有好的野生酵母，所以真正热爱啤酒的人开启了文明。

[–] jrock9381 1 point 3 years ago
There is an excellent documentary called "How Beer Saved the World".

有一部优秀的纪录片叫做《啤酒如何拯救世界》。

[–] Bandefaca 11 points 3 years ago
I believe the key point for specialization was to have enough food in abundance to allow some to not worry about collecting food, and being able to specialize. It would make sense that if a surplus was made through hunter-gatherer societies by living in a particularly fertile area, they could support specialists such as a shaman.
It definitely appears that a certain degree of specialization before agriculture is possible; Gobekli-Tepe is a 10,000+ year old monolithic temple in southeastern Turkey which predates agriculture. It was built by hunter-gatherers. They needed a surplus to be able to support those building the structure, suggesting it's probably possibly to reach that point even in hunter-gatherer society.

我认为，专业分工的关键是要有足够的食物，让一些人不用担心收集食物的事情，从而才能够专业化。如果生活在一个特别肥沃的地区的狩猎采集社会能够略有盈余，他们就可以支持像萨满这样的专家了。
显然，在农业之前，一定程度的专业分工是可能出现的；哥贝克力石阵是土耳其东南部一个有着10000多年历史的旧石器时代的寺庙，它在农业之前就已经存在了。它是由采集者建造的。他们需要盈余的食物来支持那些建造这个建筑的人，这表明即使是在狩猎-采集社会中，也可能达到这一目标。

[–] joef_3 4 points 3 years ago
I forget the source, but I seem to recall seeing a study in modern hunter gatherers (primarily Australian Aborigines, I think) that suggested the average hunter-gatherer only needs 3-7 hours per day to gather adequate calories, so hunter-gatherer societies wouldn't necessarily need specialists, something more akin to what we consider hobbyists today might be sufficient to produce things like that temple. 6-8 hours of "work" (i.e. food gathering) and then 4-6 or so hours of building seems totally doable.

我忘记了信息源，但是我似乎记得看到过一项关于现代游猎部落(我认为主要是澳大利亚原住民)的研究，它认为普通的狩猎-采集者每天只需要3到7小时就能够收集到足够热量的食物，所以狩猎社会不一定需要专家，而是存在着一些更类似于我们今天的爱好者的人便足以制造出寺庙之类的东西。在6到8小时的“工作”（即食物收集）之后，然后进行4到6小时的建筑工作似乎是完全可行的。

[–] mens_libertina 1 point 3 years ago
You'd need enough light for all that. Do these temples exist near the equator or at the extremes, where there are longer daylight months.

你需要足够的光线来满足这一假设。这些庙宇是否存在于赤道附近或极端？那里有更长的日照时间。



[–] staticquantum 2 points 3 years ago
Mystics + doctors I think, so maybe they were useful full time mystics. I think looking at current aboriginal groups may shed some light.

我想是神秘主义者加医生，所以也许他们是有用的全职神秘主义者。我认为，观察当前的土着群体可能会带来一些启示。

[–] ImUsingDaForce 1 point 3 years ago
But specialization existed before too, and there are numerous sites which show groups which dedicated certain members as "shamans" or "priests".

但是专业分工也存在，而且有很多地区出现了一些部分成员称为“萨满”或“祭司”的群体。

[–] StackShitThatHigh 1 point 3 years ago
Agriculture allowed for organized religion for sure.

农业容许有组织的宗教出现是很确定的一件事。

[–] themightykobold 1 point 3 years ago
If you look at Joseph Campbell's work, specifically his Historical Atlas of World Mythology, Vol. 1 + 2, religion has always been relevant. Before agriculture, focus was on things such as animism or ancestor worship and would have still been important to the hunt. Look at present day hunter-gatherer societies and you can still see how these traditions are relevant to the community that practices them. The advent of agriculture shifts the belief structure to one of two major concerns. In Campbell's words, "One is of death as the generator of life; the other of self-offering as the way to self-validation." We see these best summarized in the idea of the sacrifice.

如果你看过约瑟夫·坎贝尔的作品，特别是他的两卷本的《世界神话历史地图集》，就会知道宗教一直都是密切相关的。在农业之前，人们关注的是动物有灵或祖先崇拜，它对狩猎来说仍然很重要。看看现在的狩猎-采集社会，你仍然可以看到这些传统是如何与实践它们的社区产生关联的。农业的出现将信仰结构转变为两个主要关切之一。用坎贝尔的话来说，“其中一个是死亡是生命的创造者；另一种则是自我奉献是自我确证的方式。”我们认为它们被很好地总结在了牺牲的观念当中。

[–] JohnGillnitz 0 points 3 years ago
Many religious places serve as calendars. Holey people who could read those calendars could tell farmers when to plant and harvest their crops. The two are very much entwined.

许多宗教场所都是被用作历法场所的。那些能够阅读这些日历的神职人员可以告诉农民什么时候种植和收割庄稼。这两者是紧密联系在一起的。

[–] -Caesar 2 points 3 years ago*
Yes, but Religions (of sorts) have surely existed for tens of thousands of years of human existence, and yet we still sailed along in obscurity. I would be hesitant to attribute agriculture and subsequent developments to ancient, Animist religions.
However, some of the more modern religions have stronger claims to 'developing' (or at least preserving/proselytising) certain ideals. A good example is Zoroastrianism (a precursor to Judaism), or Christianity, at least in the sense that many of the great works of antiquity were translated and preserved by Christian monks during the Dark Ages. Of course, let's not forget the golden age of Islam, and the fact that many of the texts of the Greek philosophers were first reintroduced to Europe from the Middle East and translated into European languages from Arabic.

是的，但是各种宗教已经存在于人类成千上万年的历史当中了，然而我们仍然在默默无闻中前行。我不愿将农业和随后的发展归因于古代的万物有灵论的宗教。
然而，一些更现代的宗教有更强烈的“发展”（或至少保留和改变）某些理想的想法。一个很好的例子是拜火教（犹太教的先驱），或者基督教，至少在某种意义上，许多古代伟大的作品都是在黑暗时期由基督教僧侣翻译和保存下来的。当然，我们不要忘记伊斯兰教的黄金时代，当时许多希腊哲学家的文本被从中东重新引入欧洲，并从阿拉伯语翻译成欧洲语言。

[–] TRNogger 2 points 3 years ago
actually, it would be more correct to say spirituality or beliefs existed before. Religion is by definition organized, has a generally recognized canon and usually also has a kind of hierarchy and central authoritie(s). that was only possible after large groups of people gathered permanently in a small area, i.e. after the invention of agriculture.

实际上，更正确的说法是，灵性或信仰曾经存在过。根据定义，宗教是有组织的，有一个普遍认可的法典，通常也存在着等级制度和中央权威。这是在一大群人长期聚集在一个小区域之后才有可能发生的，也就是在农业发明之后。

[–] blaspheminCapn 41 points 3 years ago
And agriculture was born out of alcohol... Not bread.

农业是从酒精中产生的。而不是从面包中。



[–] culoman 2 points 3 years ago
Private massive land ownership, politics, army, economics, religion... We could say Agriculture is the worst discovery ever.

大片私有土地的所有权、政治、军队、经济、宗教……我们可以说农业是有史以来最糟糕的发现。

[–] Trollfailbot 1 point 3 years ago
What evidence is there to suggest agriculture (farming, specifically) increased the importance of religion?

有什么证据表明农业（特别是耕种）增加了宗教的重要性？

[–]Fashion_Hunter 1 point 3 years ago
And shortly after agriculture we learned how to make alcohol.

在农业开启之后不久，我们学会了如何酿酒。

[–] Crewman-Chu 1 point 3 years ago
It created property ownership
I don't agree. Property ownership was created the first time one of us picked up a rock or a stick and said, "This is mine." If you're talking specifically about real estate, then I'd say that property ownership was created when the first nomads set up their huts.
which in turn caused people to need protection.
I'd say that people started needing protection the first time someone committed theft, assault or rape.

它创造了财产所有权
我不同意。财产所有权是我们第一次拿起一块石头或一根棍子，然后说：“这是我的。”如果你是在谈论房地产，那么我想说的是，当第一批游牧民建造他们的棚屋时，财产所有权就被创造出来了。
这反过来又导致人们需要保护。
我想说的是，人们开始需要保护是在第一次有人犯了盗窃、强奸或强奸罪等罪行的时候。

[–] Eyezupguardian 1 point 3 years ago
The introduction of Agriculture and the fact it was developed independently all over the world.
It created property ownership which in turn caused people to need protection. Thus, kingdoms, career politicians, and the military were born. A currency then was also necessary for the exchange of goods. Farmers relied on the weather more than ever, hence praying to the gods and the importance of religion. It also allowed many people to be fed in a small area.
In essence, society as we know it was created by agriculture. Ah So there was no army prior to agriculture?

啊，在农业之前没有军队吗？

[–] elviin 1 point 3 years ago*
I think the most important factor or precursor for Agriculture as we know it today was the geography of the Eurasian landmass. The longer east–west axes of Eurasian continent accelerated the sharing of technologies much more than the longer north–south axes in Americas or Africa. It was easier to adopt a domesticated animal or technologies through the same latitude then the same longitude.

我认为，我们今天所知的农业最重要的因素或前提是欧亚大陆的地理分布。欧亚大陆更长的东西轴线加速了技术的共享，其速度远远超过了美洲或非洲的南北轴线。在同一纬度引入驯化的动物或技术比在同一经度更容易。

[–] ImUsingDaForce 1 point 3 years ago
Save for the religion. It had the same, or even greater, importance in earlier eras, it was just expressed in a different manner. History shows that the more we know, the lesser the role religion plays in a societies life.

除了宗教信仰。在早期，它的重要性是一样的，甚至更大，只是用不同的方式表达出来。历史表明，我们知道的越多，宗教在社会生活中所起的作用就越小。

[–] marklar4201 1 point 3 years ago
I'm mostly with you on this one, but I have some reservations...
Pastoralism. Pastoral societies developed a strong military tradition; they had clan chiefs and kings; they exchanged goods, often over much longer distances than agricultural societies.
But any way you slice it, agriculture undoubtedly was hugely important. But are you so sure it developed independently all over the world? In the New World, it developed independently but only much much later. In the Old World, it developed in Egypt, the Far East and the Middle East all at roughly the same time, but AFAIK how and why it developed in these places is kind of a mystery at the edge of history.

我基本赞同你的观点，但我有一些保留意见。
游牧社会。游牧社会发展出了强大的军事传统；他们有宗族首领和国王；他们交换货物，通常交易的距离比农业社会要长得多。
但无论如何，农业无疑是非常重要的。但是你确定它是在世界各地独立发展起来的吗？在新世界，它是独立发展的，但只是很久以后。在旧世界里，它在埃及、远东和中东是差不多同时发展起来的，但据我所知，它在这些地方发展的方式和原因仍是一个历史之谜。

[–] Noohandle 1 point 3 years ago
I'd say more than property ownership it led to larger society through enabling people to have activities other than direct subsistence hunting and gathering. Specialization of labor is the real influencing factor.

我想说的不仅仅是财产所有权，它还能让人们进行更多的活动，而不是直接的狩猎和采集活动。劳动分工是真正的影响因素。



[–] DevFRus 2 points 3 years ago
I would expect that people built these homes together (when do you think "independent homes" arose?) and moved often enough for "owning" said homes to be moot.

我希望人们能一起建造这些房子（你认为“独立的住宅”是什么时候出现的？）并且经常搬家，以至于“拥有”房子是没有实际意义的。