中国最强大的三个王朝:评论（三） [美国媒体]

China's 3 Most Powerful Dynasties

中国最强大的三个王朝:评论（三）

Guest
Qing dynasty is Chinese. It was established thru an alliance between Manchu and Han Chinese after the fall of Ming dynasty. Qing claimed the Mandate of Heaven to be Chinese emperor, like other previous emperors did. The imperial seal of Qing is Chinese too, called the Heirloom Seal of the Realm, goes back to Han dynasty. The civil system, language, tax code, all administrative system continued to be Chinese, run mostly Confucian scholars.

清朝是中国的。清朝是明朝灭亡后，由满族和汉族人联合起来建立的。清朝宣称皇帝是天命，就像以前的皇帝一样。清朝的玉玺也是中国的，被称为传国玺，这可以追溯到汉朝。民法、语言、税法等一切行政制度都是继承前朝的，统治阶层也以儒家学者为主。



Peter_T
Also during the Ming dynasty it first developed rocketry weapons

明朝第一次使用了火箭武器

Monarch
Is that all they achieved by conquering a small country with low populace and lack of technology like Viet Nam? That is like saying ZhuGe Liang defeating Nanman is the great military achievements EVER! LOL!

难道明朝所有的成就就是征服了人口少、技术匮乏的越南小国吗?这就好比诸葛亮打败南蛮是有史以来最伟大的军事成就一样!哈哈!

2879
i think you know nothing about China, because you don't even know Zhenghe.

我觉得你对中国一无所知，因为你连郑和都不知道。



4. It was the Manchu who began to settle the Han Chinese in large numbers in both Manchuria & Inner Mongolia in the late 1700s, and by the mid to late 1800s the Han Chinese were the majority in both Manchuria & Inner Mongolia. Today they make up 80% or more of the population in each of the provinces in Manchuria and of course Inner Mongolia.

18世纪末，满族人安排大量汉族人到满洲和内蒙古地区大量定居，到了19世纪中后期，汉族占满洲和内蒙古地区人口的大多数。如今，在满洲地区和内蒙古各省，汉族人口都占到了80%以上。

Monarch
Doesn't mean it belongs to you Han Chinese clowns. LOL!

这并不意味着这些地区就属于你们这些汉族小丑。哈哈!

Metro dagle
Monarch, you need to take your pills.

楼上的，你该吃药了。

Monarch
Tell that to Beijing supporters. LOL!

跟中国支持者说去吧。哈哈!



Easy Al
The most important factor that contributes the weakness of China from 1850-1950, in my view, was the lack of the or insufficient development in science and technology. Starting from Sui dynasty, the administrators and bureaucrats in Chinese courts (i.e. governments) were largely selected on the basis the candidates' performance in Civil Service examinations. The early exams in Sui dynasty reserved a large number of slots (about 70%) for young people from rich and elite families. It was empress Wu Zetian who removed the discrimination by family background and made the performance in the exam as the sole criteria for the selection. Her system of exam was adopted by subsequent Tang courts and future dynasties. It remained essentially unchanged until the end of Qing dynasty.

我认为，造成1850-1950年中国孱弱的最重要原因是科学技术发展的欠缺和不足。从隋朝开始，朝廷（即政府）的官员主要是根据应征者在科举考试中的表现来选拔的。隋朝早期科举考试为富裕和精英家庭的年轻人预留了大量的名额(约70%)。武则天接触了科举考试对家庭背景的限制，把考试成绩作为选拔的官员唯一标准。武则天时期的考试制度被唐朝和后来的朝代采用。直到清朝末期，科举考试制度基本没有大的变化。

While the civil service examination indeed produced many capable politicians, bureaucrats and scholars in social science, it almost totally disregarded the natural science and engineering. The top scored candidates were those who could remember and recite famous classical texts, write good articles, and propose good strategies that were appreciated by the upper government officials. I do not recall any famous Chinese scientists or inventors who were top scoring candidates.

科举考试确实培养了许多有能力的政治家、官员和社会科学学者，但这种制度几乎完全抛弃了自然科学和工程学。得分最高的是那些能熟读和背诵古典文献、写得一手好文章、提出好的治国方略、受政府高层官员的赏识的考生。我记得中国没有一个着名的科学家或发明家是科举考试的状元。



Example - List of Chinese inventions (very detailed);

中国发明的例子(非常详细);

The reason that the West surpassed China and the rest for that matter was due to a variety of factors. The imperial bureaucracy in China played a role but without those other factors, the West would not have ascended to dominance.

西方之所以在这方面超过中国以及其他国家，原因是多方面的。中国的官僚体系扮演了一定的角色，但如果没有其他因素，西方也不会取得主导地位。

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8. Gunpowder revolution where in the numerous wars in the aftermath of the Black Death, led to the end of the old order and the rise of the states.
9. Portuguese arrival in the Indian Ocean & Southeast Asia within a few decades of Ming China's retreat and before any new maritime power arose.
10. Discovery of the Americas and all the wealth it brought, and opportunity for overseas expansion.

8、在黑死病之后的无数战争中出现的火药革命，导致了旧秩序的终结和国家的崛起。
9、明朝之后几十年里，还没有出现新的海上力量，葡萄牙人就到达了印度洋和东南亚。
10、美洲大发现及其带来的财富，以及海外扩张的机会。
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