唐代中国取得的十大成就 [美国媒体]

Tang Dynasty ruled China for a little less than three centuries during which China saw a period of progress and growth both militarily and culturally. Many great poets belong to the Tang era and several important inventions were made in medicine and technology. Here are 10 major achievements and accomplishments of one of the greatest dynasties to serve China.

唐朝统治中国不到三个世纪，但在此期间，中国在军事和文化上都经历了一个很大的进步和发展。许多伟大的诗人都出自唐代，唐时在医学和技术方面都有一些重要的发明。以下就是中国最伟大的朝代之一唐朝的十大成就。

#1 CHINA BECAME THE LARGEST NATION IN THE WORLD
During the Tang Dynasty, China reached unprecedented heights becoming the largest and strongest nation in the world. It covered most of the territory of present-day China, Vietnam and much of Central Asia as far as eastern Kazakhstan. Its capital Chang’an (present-day Xi’an) was the most populous city in the world at the time. It was a cosmopolitan urban center with considerable foreign populations from other parts of Asia and beyond.

#1中国成为世界上最大的国家
唐朝时期，中国成为了世界上领土最大、实力也最强大的国家，达到了前所未有的高度。其领土覆盖了当今中国、越南和中亚大部分地区，一直延伸到现在的哈萨克斯坦东部。它的首都长安（今西安）是当时世界上人口最多的城市，并且它是一个世界性的城市中心，有大量来自亚洲其他地区和亚洲以外其他地区的外国人口来往不绝。



Map showing the Tang Dynasty at it’s maximum extent

唐朝最大疆域图

#2 THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE CRIMINAL CODE IN CHINA WAS CREATED
The first comprehensive criminal code in China was created in 624 AD in the Tang Dynasty. It was divided into 500 articles specifying different crimes and penalties ranging from ten blows with a light stick, one hundred blows with a heavy rod, exile, penal servitude, or execution. The Tang Code is considered as one of the greatest achievements of traditional Chinese law and it became the basis for later dynastic codes not only in China but elsewhere in East Asia.

#2中国第一部全面刑法典诞生
中国第一部综合性刑法典于公元624年在唐代制定。它被分为500篇，具体说明了不同的罪行以及每个罪行对应的处罚，从10次轻棍打击到100次重棒打击、流放、劳役或处决。唐律被认为是中国传统法律最伟大的成就之一，它不仅成为中国后世王朝法典的基础，而且也成为东亚其他地方王朝法典的基础。



A page from the Diamond Sutra

《金刚经》上的一页

#7 PHYSICIANS OF TANG DYNASTY WERE THE FIRST TO SUCCESSFULLY TREAT PATIENTS WITH GOITRE
During the reign of Tang Dynasty, pharmacopeias were compiled with text and illustrated drawings for 833 different medicinal substances. Medicine authors during Tang included Zhen Chuan, who first identified in writing that patients with diabetes had an excess of sugar in their urine; and Sun Simiao, who was the first to recognize that diabetic patients should avoid consuming alcohol and starchy foods. Also thyroid glands of sheep and pigs were successfully used to treat goiters, a technique not used in the west until 1890.

#7 唐朝的医生是第一个成功治疗甲状腺肿的人
唐朝时期，人们用文字和插图为833种不同的药材编制了药典。唐代的医学作者包括甄立言，他首先书面确认糖尿病患者的尿液中有过量的糖，孙思邈是第一个认识到糖尿病患者应该避免饮酒和吃淀粉类食物的人。绵羊和猪的甲状腺也被成功地用于治疗甲状腺肿，而在西方这种技术直到1890年才被使用。

Red ceramic glazed porcelain horse from the Tang dynasty

唐朝红釉瓷马

#10 PAINTING MATURED AND THE FIRST OPERA TROUPE WAS FORMED
Chinese painting developed dramatically, both in subject matter and technique. Among the most prominent painters of the period are Han Gan, Zhang Xuan, and Zhou Fang. EmperorXuanzong of Tang founded the Pear Garden which was the first known royal acting and musical academy in China. The performers formed the first known opera troupe in China mostly performing for the emperor. To this day operatic professionals in China are still referred to as“Disciples of the Pear Garden”.

#10 绘画逐渐成熟，成立了第一个剧团
在唐代，中国画在题材和技法两方面都有了长足的发展。这一时期最杰出的画家有韩干、张宣和周昉。唐玄宗建立了中国第一个皇家表演音乐学校--梨园。这些演员组成了中国第一个着名的剧团，主要为皇帝演出。时至今日，中国的歌剧专业人员仍被称为"梨园弟子"。
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