美国《国家利益》：俄罗斯T-54/T-55，坦克界的AK47，古老又带劲！ [美国媒体]

In successive wars with its Arab neighborsduring the 1960s and 70s, Israel captured hundreds of T-55s. Israeli troopsturned the tank — nicknamed Tiran or “dictator” in Hebrew — against its formerowners. Engineers eventually swapped out the Soviet main guns with the superiorBritish-designed 105-millimeter L7. With the replacement cannon, the vehiclescould use the same ammunition as any other Israeli tank of the day.

上世纪60、70年代，在与阿拉伯邻国的连续几场战争中，以色列缴获了数百辆T-55型坦克。以色列军方将坦克改名为希伯来语的 “蒂朗”或者“独裁者”。工程师们最终把苏联制的主炮换成了更加先进的英制105毫米L7炮。换主炮之后，这种坦克就能跟以色列其它坦克使用相同的弹药了。

Like the AK-47 but for tanks, T-54 andT-55s endure on battlefields around the world. Simple to operate and maintain,these decades-old Soviet armored beasts are still popular in small nations andwith non-state irregular forces — a true “people’s tank.”

T-54和T-55坦克就像坦克界中的AK-47，在世界各地的战场上经久不衰。操作简单、维护方便，在一些小国家和非正规军中，这些有几十年历史的苏联装甲怪兽依然流行，堪称真正“接地气 “的坦克。



T-54s first saw action in 1956 in Hungariancapital of Budapest, when the Soviets used them to crush rebels who hadoverthrown the local pro-Soviet regime. But the debut took a humiliating turnwhen Hungarian rebels drove a captured T-54 into the British embassy, givingWestern experts an up-close look at its strengths and weaknesses.

T-54坦克首次出现是1956年，在匈牙利的首都布达佩斯。当时苏联用它们镇压推翻了当地亲苏政权的叛军。但是这一首次亮相却变成了耻辱，当时匈牙利叛军把一辆缴获来的T-54坦克开进了英国大使馆，使得西方专家可以近距离观察它的强项和弱点。

In 1972, North Vietnam launched a majorinvasion of its southern neighbor — eventually leading to South Vietnam’scapitulation. In a tank-on-tank confrontation at the besieged firebase at DakTo II in Kontum, two South Vietnamese M-41 light tanks fired three76-millimeter rounds each into a single T-54.

1972年，北越对南越发动了一次大规模入侵，最终导致南越投降。在越南昆嵩省达苏县，北越一个重火力点被南越包围，由此发生了一场坦克之间的正面对抗。南越两辆M-41轻型坦克分别向北越一辆T-54坦克发射了三枚76毫米的炮弹。

The T-54 took some damage, but easilydestroyed the lighter U.S.-made vehicles. After the shooting stopped, the NVAcrew calmly exited their T-54 and walked away.

T-54坦克受到一些损坏，但却轻易地摧毁了那两辆美国制造的轻型坦克。炮击停止后，北越军人平静地从T-54坦克下来离开了。



So despite the T-54/55’s combatshortcomings, these tanks promise to remain popular for many decades more. Thedesign’s adaptability and a stable market for upgrades contribute to itslongevity.

所以，尽管T-54和T-55在作战时有着不足，但这些坦克好几十年仍然保持长盛不衰，其长寿的原因得益于设计的稳定性和升级的稳定性。