核谈判陷入僵局，美国对朝鲜高级官员实施制裁 [美国媒体]

The Trump administration sanctioned three senior North Korean officials for human rights abuses and censorship in the country as discussions between the U.S. and North Korea over the regime's nuclear weapons program have stalled.

特朗普政府以侵犯人权和审查制度为由，对朝鲜三名高级官员进行了制裁。与此同时，美国和朝鲜之间有关朝鲜核武器计划的讨论陷入停滞。

The U.S. Treasury Department, which announced the sanctions, said they were in honor of American Otto Warmbier, the 22-year-old college student who died after being released from North Korean custody in June 2017. He would have turned 24 on Dec. 12.

宣布实施制裁的美国财政部表示，制裁是为了纪念美国人奥托·瓦姆比尔(Otto Warmbier)，这名22岁的大学生于2017年6月从朝鲜释放后死亡。他原本到12月12日就满24岁了。

The sanctions are also part of a congressionally mandated report that details North Korean leader Kim Jong Un's violently oppressive rule. In particular, the State Department report identified three committees within the government and state political party that censor media by restricting the sale of any foreign media, confiscating any that is found and punishing those who obtain it.

这些制裁也是美国国会授权的一份报告的一部分。这份报告详细描述了朝鲜领导人金正恩的暴虐统治。国务院的报告特别指出，在政府和国家政党内部，有三个委员会限制任何外国媒体的出售、查抄任何发现的媒体并惩罚获得这些媒体的人，以此来完成审查。

"North Koreans caught with illicit entertainment items such as DVDs, CDs, and USBs are at a minimum sent to prison camps and, in extreme cases, may face public execution," the report said. It went on to allege that one of those groups is responsible for kidnapping and imprisoning defectors and foreigners who share such items and promote human rights.

报告称:“被发现携带DVD、CD和USBs等非法娱乐物品的朝鲜人至少会被送往战俘营，在极端情况下，可能会面临公开处决。”它还指称，其中一个组织负责绑架、监禁叛逃者和分享这些物品并促进人权的外国人。

To punish North Korea for these abuses, the Treasury Department sanctioned the three officials, including Choe Ryong Hae, a close aide to Kim who is seen as the number two official in the country as head of the party's Organization and Guidance Department. It is perhaps the most powerful organization in North Korea, responsible for all policies and assignments within the party and military.

为了惩罚朝鲜的这些不当行为，美国财政部制裁了这三名官员，其中包括崔龙海(Choe Ryong Hae)。崔龙海是金正恩的亲密副官，被视为朝鲜第二号人物，是朝鲜劳动党组织和指导部门的负责人。它可能是朝鲜最强大的组织，负责党内和军方的所有政策和任务。

The other two officials are Pak Kwang Ho, head of the Propaganda and Agitation Department, and Jong Kyong Thaek, minster of State Security, the government agency that manages the country's prison camps.

另外两名官员是宣传和煽动部部长朴光浩(Pak Kwang Ho)和国家安全局(State Security)部长郑敬泽(Jong Kyong Thaek)。国家安全局是管理该国监狱营地的政府机构。

Jong is "involved in directing abuses committed in the political prison camp system, where serious human rights abuses such as torture, deliberate starvation, forced labor, and sexual violence are systematized," according to the U.S. State Department, while Pak directs the propaganda meant to indoctrinate North Koreans.

据美国国务院说，郑敬泽“参与指挥政治犯集中营系统的虐待行为，在那里，酷刑、蓄意绝食、强迫劳动和性暴力等严重侵犯人权的行为被系统化”，而朴光浩则负责指导旨在向朝鲜民众灌输思想的宣传活动。

Because North Korea is already so heavily sanctioned and the three men are not likely to have U.S. assets that could be frozen, the action is largely symbolic.

由于朝鲜已经受到如此严厉的制裁，而且这三人不太可能拥有可能被冻结的美国资产，因此这一行动在很大程度上是具有象征意义。

But experts say it is an important reminder that the U.S. cares about the regime's human rights violations, even if the message has been muddied by President Donald Trump, who has praised Kim as a "smart cookie" and "very talented" and has said Kim "loves his people" and that the two of them "fell in love."

但专家们表示，这是一个重要的提醒，表明美国关心朝鲜政权的侵犯人权行为，即便这一信息被唐纳德·特朗普(Donald Trump)总统抹黑了。特朗普称赞金是“聪明的人”和“非常有才华的”，并说金“爱他的人民”，他们双飞“坠入了爱河”。

Especially on International Human Rights Day, the message is that, "If North Korea doesn't change, doesn't stop its human rights abuses, then we can't engage them economically," David Maxwell, a senior fellow with the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, told ABC News. "We have to put as much pressure on that as we do on the nuclear program."

特别是在国际人权日，“如果朝鲜不改变，不停止侵犯人权，那么我们就无法在经济上与他们接触，”捍卫民主基金会(Foundation for Defense of democracy)高级研究员戴维·麦克斯韦(David Maxwell)告诉ABC新闻(ABC News)。“我们必须在这方面施加和在核项目上同样大的压力。”

But the international pressure on North Korea for its human rights abuses could be slipping.

但国际社会对朝鲜侵犯人权的压力可能正在减弱。

For the last five years, the United Nations Security Council held a session on International Human Rights Day to discuss the regime's abuses, which the U.N. has documented in detail -- including prison camps, forced labor, extrajudicial killings, rape, starvation, and censorship. This year, however, the U.S. did not win enough votes among Security Council members to hold the session again on Monday.

过去五年里，联合国安理会(United Nations Security Council)在国际人权日(International Human Rights Day)召开了一次会议，讨论朝鲜政权的暴行。联合国详细记录了朝鲜政权的暴行，包括集中营、强迫劳动、法外杀戮、强奸、饥饿和审查制度。然而，今年美国在安理会成员国中没有赢得足够多的选票，无法在周一再次举行会议。

The U.S. mission is looking to hold the meeting in 2019, a spokesperson told ABC News, adding that the America "remains deeply concerned with the human rights situation in North Korea, and we continue to urge the North Korean regime to join the community of nations, begin to respect human rights, and adhere to international standards on humanitarian assistance."

美国的任务是寻求在2019年举行会议,一位发言人告诉ABC新闻,美国“仍然深深地关心朝鲜的人权状况,我们继续敦促朝鲜政权加入国际社会,开始尊重人权,坚守关于人道主义援助的国际标准。”

Talks between the U.S. and North Korea have focused on the nuclear issue and little on those human rights abuses. In October, the State Department declined to say whether Secretary of State Mike Pompeo had raised the issue with Kim directly and argued that denuclearization was the priority.

美国和朝鲜之间的会谈主要集中在核问题上，很少涉及侵犯人权的问题。今年10月，美国国务院拒绝透露国务卿迈克·庞培(Mike Pompeo)是否直接向金正恩提出了这个问题，并表示无核化是当务之急。

The State Department "is very clear about the concerns that we have, not just about North Korea but many countries, frankly, around the world and countries that can do a lot better. Our priority in North Korea, though, right now is denuclearization," spokesperson Heather Nauert said in October.

国务院发言人希瑟·诺尔特(Heather Nauert)去年10月表示，国务院“非常清楚我们所关切的问题，不仅是对朝鲜，而且坦率地说，是世界各地的许多国家和可以做得更好的国家。不过，我们目前在朝鲜的优先事项是无核化。”

Calling out North Korea now could anger the regime and further delay talks between Pompeo and his counterpart Kim Yong Chol, North Korea's nuclear negotiator and former spy chief. North Korea canceled meetings in New York at the beginning of November.

现在指责朝鲜可能激怒朝鲜政府，并进一步推迟庞培与朝鲜核谈判代表、前情报机构负责人金永哲(Kim Yong Chol)之间的谈判。朝鲜取消了11月初在纽约举行的会议。

"It's good to see the Trump administration paying attention to human rights abuses somewhere," Mike Fuchs, a deputy assistant Secretary of State for East Asia in the Obama administration, told ABC News. But both sides "are looking for signs that the other is serious about diplomacy, and actions like this are more likely to undermine diplomacy than to further it."

奥巴马政府负责东亚事务的副助理国务卿迈克·福克斯(Mike Fuchs)对ABC新闻表示：“看到特朗普政府在某个地方关注侵犯人权的行为，真是太好了。”但双方“都在寻找另一方认真对待外交的迹象，这样的行动更有可能破坏外交，而不是推进外交。”

That's debatable to others, though, who say North Korea will always look for an excuse to cancel a meeting and blame the other side.

不过，这一点在其他人看来是有争议的，他们说，朝鲜总是会找借口取消会议，并指责对方。

"The North Koreans always bake in an excuse that they can use to back out of an agreement and blame the South or the U.S. or both," said Maxwell. "If we are worried about that, we're never going to move ahead."

麦克斯韦说:“朝鲜总是找借口，借机背弃一项协议，把责任推给韩国或美国，或者两者兼而有之。” “如果我们对此感到担忧，我们永远不会推进。”

There have yet to be working-level meetings between the two countries, with North Korea refusing to meet one-on-one with Pompeo's special representative for North Korea, Steve Biegun, since he started in August. Maxwell said he's hopeful Biegun and his team will raise the issue -- whenever he finally gets the chance to do so.

自庞培8月上任以来，朝鲜一直拒绝与庞培的朝鲜问题特别代表史蒂夫·比根(Steve Biegun)进行一对一的会晤，两国之间尚未举行工作层面的会晤。麦克斯韦说，他希望比根和他的团队会提出这个问题-只要他最终有机会这样做。