为什么中国最大的科技产业成为美国的目标？仅仅是为了主导权吗？ [美国媒体]

Why are China's biggest technology industries targeted by the USA? Is it just because of dominance?

为什么中国最大的科技产业成为美国的目标？仅仅是为了主导权吗？



Bob MacKenzie, former Business Owner andManager. at Private (1973-2017)
Answered Mon
The US is desperately trying to remainrelevant against a rising Chinese influence.
China can out preform the US at many levelsof engineering, design and implementation of world class projects.
China is leading the world now ineducational facilities and university graduates in general but especially inSTEM programs.
It is inevitable that China will lead theway at some point in the various fields of technology that are dominated at themoment by the US, namely computer chip manufacturing.

在抑制中国影响力上，美国想要继续保持自己的关键角色。中国在工程，设计以及世界级项目的实施上可以胜过美国。中国现在在教育设施和大学毕业生上也领先世界，尤其是科学，技术，工程和数学方面。毫无疑问未来中国将在现在美国主宰的诸多技术领域领先世界，即计算机芯片制造方面。

The US also wants to be the leader in AItechnology for the future so they are trying to intimated China into leavingthat field of achievement alone as well.
This whole Huawei smart phone business withthe US frantically trying to convince all of its allies to stop using Huaweiphones and systems, is just about Huawei technology developing 5G tech beforethe US. The US has been upstaged by this Chinese company and they do not likeit.
Even if the US can influence, manipulateand intimidate China into slowing its technology advances down, it will be justa finger in the dike against a rising Chinese technological tide.
If the US wants to make some lasting stepsto remain top dog, it better stop wasting so much money on a show boat militaryand start spending it on education.

美国也想成为未来AI技术的领导者，所以想吓唬中国，让中国放弃这个领域。华为的智能手机业务以及美国疯狂的想要说服盟友停止使用华为手机和系统，因为华为的5G技术领先美国。美国被这家中国公司抢了镜头，所以不开心。
即使美国可以影响，操纵和吓唬中国放慢自己的技术脚步，但是面对崛起中的中国技术浪潮，那真的是不痛不痒。如果美国想要继续保持领先，最好还是不要再浪费钱在军事上了，还是把钱花在教育上吧。

Mas Miwa, former Engineer at Hughes Spaceand Communications
Answered Sun
Yes. The US dominates the technology sectortoday, but it is losing that race against China. Trump is not bright enough tostrategize how to compete so he tries throwing sand in China’s technologymachinery using threats and a trade war.
What Trump seems not to realize is thatmost of what he has done is to reduce our technical competence. Our studentsfind STEM too hard so they quit after trying a few years. China graduates 8times more STEM grads than we do and it is projected to be 15 times by 2030.Even Russia, with half our population graduates as many STEM grads as we do.

是的。美国现在主宰着技术领域，但是正输掉和中国的竞赛。川普不知道如何制定竞争战略，所以就通过威胁和贸易战来阻止中国的科技进步。川普没有意识到他现在所做的事情是在削弱我们的技术能力。我们的学生发现科学（Science），技术（Technology），工程（Engineering），数学太难，所以在尝试几年后就放弃了。中国这些学科的毕业生数量是我们的八倍，到2030年将达到15倍。甚至是只有我们一半人口的俄罗斯，其这类的毕业生也和我们一样多。

Chinese STEM graduate students are thebackbone of US research in science and technology research grants in ouruniversities. Trump has made it harder for Chinese STEM grad students to stayenrolled as they pursue graduate degrees. Trump has also considered denyingChinese from studying in the US. That’s 350,000 students you are talking about.Also, about 25% of our tech workforce are Asians, mainly Chinese and Indians.With the current environment, our brain gain is turning into a brain drain asChinese and Indian students begin to seek education elsewhere and their futurejobs.

中国理科研究生是美国大学科技研究奖金的主心骨。而川普让中国理科研究生很难被美国大学录取。川普还考虑阻止中国人来美国学习。那可是35万中国学生啊。还有我们25%的技术人员是亚洲人，主要是中国人和印度人。在目前的环境下，我们的人才正在流失，因为中国和印度学生开始去其他国家接受教育和找工作。

Education was key to the US becoming asuperpower
“Last year, for example, 62 percent of all international students inUS colleges and universities were in science and engineering fields. Almostseventy percent of those were from either India or China.
How bad is the shortage of Americanstudents? According to the non-partisan National Foundation for AmericanPolicy, in 2017 foreign nationals accounted for 81% of electrical engineeringmajors and grad students in this country. Foreign students make upthree-quarters of the majors and grad students in industrial engineering; 62%in mechanical engineering; 55%, or more than half, of those studying materialsand metallurgic engineering.
As for computer science, the vital cruciblefor America’s future in areas such as cyber and AI, American students make upbarely 21% of the student body.

而教育是美国成为超级强国的关键。去年美国大学里有62%的国际学生是科学和工程领域。其中7成不是来自印度就是中国。美国生源的短缺有多严重？根据无党派的美国政策国家基因会，2017年美国电气工程专业和研究生里，外国公民占据81%。外国人占据了工业工程学的四分之三；机械工程学的62%；材料与冶金工程学则占据了55%。而就计算机科学而言，这是美国在网络和AI领域的关键，美国学生则仅仅占据21%。

So what’s the answer? Clearly, it isn’tremoving foreign nationals from these programs—although the State Departmenthas started limiting visas for Chinese students in key areas like aerospace,robotics, and additive manufacturing. It’s really about getting more Americansinto the STEM game, starting with scholarships in areas that are critical toour national and economic security, and much more.”
America's High-Tech STEM Crisis - by ArthurHerman
The Consequences of Curbing Chinese STEMGraduate Student US Visas
So, Trump and his base attack those verybasic things that made America great. Attacking immigrants and trade are thewrong direction. Getting US students to study STEM subjects and creating jobsin technology are the only path the US has to compete. By not doing so, we arelosing the race faster and the end will be assured. A salesman president is notthe answer to America’s future, it is a sure remedy to accelerate our decline.China recognizes this, we don’t seem to get it. Let’s hope its not too late andwe get another ‘Sputnik moment’.

所以怎么办？显然，不是要将外国公民从这些项目移除，尽管国务院已经开始限制颁发签证给中国学生，比如在航空航天，机器人学以及增材制造等领域。真正的关键在于让更多美国人学习理科，在关键领域提供奖学金，从而保证我们的国家和经济安全。
所以，川普是在动摇美国伟大的根据。攻击移民和贸易是错误的。让美国学生学习理科以及创造科技就业，这是美国获得竞争力的唯一方式。不这么做的话，美国会输得更快，死亡将是不可避免的。一个商人总统不可能给美国带来未来，那只会加速我们的衰亡。中国意识到这一点，而我们貌似还没搞明白。希望亡羊补牢尤未晚。

Adam Roach, Small Business Guy
Answered Sat
ZTC was called out for spyware. I believethat Huawei was actually hit for a major patent breach but fears of spywarecertainly underscore that.
Seriously though. We aren’t far away fromsemi-nationalized device manufacturers anyway. The internet has beenweaponized, most major tech companies are spying on users for habit dataprofiles. Misinformation is rampant. The US, Russia and China have been in afull blown CyberWar for several years.
There is almost certainly more going onthat we don’t know about but what we do know isn’t wonderful. ZTC was put on aVerboten List for US Military installations prior to Trump. So this isn’t a newthing.
Brute Force hacks originating in China area daily occurrence for American Government Servers. Someone stole a milliongovernment workers social security numbers and direct deposit information in2015 and that hack was assumed to originate in China.

中兴是因为间谍软件而被调查。我认为华为是因为重大的专利侵权而遭受打击，当然对于间谍软件的恐惧也是一个方面。说真的，我们离半国有的设备制造商并不遥远。因特网已经被武器化，主要的科技公司监视用户以获取用户习惯数据。虚假信息猖獗。美国，俄罗斯和中国已经展开网络战很多年了。肯定有很多事情我们是不知道的，但是我们所知道的并不美好。在川普之前，中兴就已经被禁止为美军提供服务了。所以这没啥新鲜的。
每天都有中国黑客攻击美国政府服务器。2015年某人偷走了100万个美国政府工作人员的社保号码和直接存款信息，而人们认为这个黑客攻击来自中国。

Joseph Wang, studied at Ph.D Astronomy UTAustin, Physics MIT
Answered Dec 7
Yes. Right now the US and its allies havetotal control over the global communications network. Anything that you sendover the network gets recorded by the NSA. It’s also quite likely that the NSAhas the ability to take down the internet in any part of the world if they wantto.
So if the NSA wants to listen to you rightnow, they can push an update onto your cellphone, turn on the speaker, listento everything that’s going on, and have the cell phone software self-destruct.
If you don’t believe me, then look at the“bugs” that have been found in Intel, AMD, and ssh. Heartbleed. Spectre.Meltdown. There are likely to be dozens of other “bugs” that the USintelligence agencies know about, that we haven’t figured out. Right now, thereare no secrets.
So Huawei can cause problems. Having Huaweisend messages to the Chinese government can be dealt with. You havecybersecurity people go over the hardware piece by piece to look forvulnerabilities. One example of this is that Chinese leaders will use USsoftware like Android or Microsoft, because they use special versions of USsoftware that have been carefully examined by Chinese cybersecurity experts.

现在美国及其盟友完全控制着全球通信网络。你通过网络所发送的所有信息都被美国国家安全局记录着。而且只要美国国安局愿意，它极有可能有能力瘫痪世界上任何一个地方的因特网。所以如果美国国安局现在想要窃听你，他们就可以就会对你的手机进行更新，打开扬声器，窃听你的一举一动，最后让手机软件自毁。
如果你不相信我说的，那么请你去看看因特尔和AMD里所发现的漏洞。可能还有其他几十个美国情报机构都知道的漏洞，只不过还没被我们找到。所以这不是秘密。
所以华为可以给他们带来麻烦。比如中国领导人会使用美国软件，如安卓和微软，因为这些软件都被中国的网络安全专家检查过了，是安全的。

The trouble is that if Huawei suppliessoftware, then the US can’t put in a backdoor. If you have another supplier,then the NSA can quietly insert backdoors into the hardware, so that they cansnoop on all communications, without things like parliamentary hearings. So ifyou put Huawei hardware, the US loses a lot of the ability to spy on allies.
This makes sense if you look at whoimmediately kicks out Huawei. It’s the “five eyes” group. If you look at thepeople that are waverring, it’s people like the Germans.

问题是如果是华为提供这些软件的话，美国就无法插入后门。如果是其他供应商，美国国安局就可以将后门插入到硬件中，这样就可以监视所有通信，也不会有议会听证。而如果是华为提供硬件，美国就失去了监视盟友的能力。

Arthur Dayne
Dec 11 · 3 upvotes
The US Govt agencies like the NSA have theability to hack into Huawei networking equipment but that means actually doingwork and getting sweaty.
If there’s one thing US Govt workers don’tenjoy doing is actually working and sometimes dealing with challenges aftergetting paid by American taxpayers. Heaven forbid they actually need to workfor their pay and benefits.

美国政府机构如国安局有能力侵入华为网络设备，但是这需要付出汗水和努力。
而美国政府工作人员就是喜欢偷懒，不喜欢迎接挑战。他们就喜欢不劳而获。

Allen Yu
Dec 9 · 5 upvotes
Great concise answer. I find it odd when Ihear someone say Huawei poses a security risk. Why? Oh because it couldpotentially embed these backdoor sand things … you know the way many Westerncompanies have done. Wikileaks disclosed a myriad of other ways Westerncompanies have spied on the behalf of the US and other Western governments. Yetit’s consudered safe buying from these companies … BUT not safe buying fromHuawei even though what the US companies do - spying on behalf of Western govt- is not only legal, but publicly condoned and / or obliged. But Huawei is aclosed private company. Well that’s irrelevant. Does being a public companymean its subject to greater public scrutiny that it does not snoop on behalf ofWestern governments? NO. This is all purely political. A political witch huntand purge….

你的回答很好。当我听到有人说华为构成安全风险时我就感到奇怪了。为什么？因为它可能安插后门软件之类的，这是很多西方企业会干的事情。维基解密披露了西方企业为美国政府和其他西方政府所进行的一系列监视手段。然而人们却认为购买这些西方企业的产品没问题，但是购买华为设备就是不安全的，尽管美国企业——代表西方政府进行监视——的做法不仅合法，而且得到公开宽恕。但是华为是一家非上市的私人企业。这有关系吗？上市公司如果不代表西方政府进行监视就要接受更多的公共审查吗？并没有。