蒙古入侵日本（1281年） [美国媒体]

1279年元军攻灭南宋之后，忽必烈于1281年春发动了对日本的第二次侵略。元军的这次侵略规模大于第一次，东路军由忻都、洪茶丘率领蒙古人及女真、契丹（士兵19000人，金方庆统高丽（朝鲜）军10000人，乘战舰900艘，加上高丽（朝鲜）水手17000人，携军粮10万石，由高丽出发；

另由范文虎、李庭等人率领的南宋降军10万人 ，乘战船3千5百艘，从庆元、定海今浙江省宁波市）出发；两军约定于6月会合，东路军负责作战，江南军则在占领区屯田，生产米粮。
自1275年起，日本幕府就开始积极为元军可能发起的第二次侵略战争做准备，除了改进弓箭，组织九州武士外，幕府还在很多元军可能登陆的地点修建堡垒和其它防御工事；

当时的日本幕府将军——北条时宗下令，在日本沿岸所有重要地区建起“元寇防垒”，起到了重大防卫作用——元军的战舰在到达日本近海时，竟找不到登陆的地点，只得停泊在博多湾长达一个月。这段期间，元军对日本发动了几次强行登陆作战均告失败
直到七月初，元军南北两军在九州外海会合。元军会师后再度发动登陆作战，这次远征军遇到了更顽强更有效的抵抗，日军以石墙为掩护，不断击退元军的进攻，许多蒙古军将领相继阵亡，战斗又持续了一个多月，元军的损失惨重，依然不能突破石墙。

同年夏，元军联合朝鲜军队夺取了壹岐岛，向九州进发，并在不同地点登陆。在经历一些独立的小战斗后，元军被赶回了船上。此时一场持续两天的台风袭击了元军舰队，并摧毁了大部分的船只。
7月30日，元军再次遭到台风的袭击，风暴持续四天，军舰大部分沉没。

元军主帅范文虎擅自决定班师。而被遗弃在日本九龙山的海滩上的元军尚有三万余人，日本发动反攻，将残存的元军驱赶至一处名为八角岛的狭窄地区；这些元军大部分战死，其余数万士兵被俘。
总计元朝第二次攻打日本的军队，只有不到十分之一生还。
两次击退“元寇”后，幕府继续加强九州的防务，那里的许多军事设施很多年后还有效；然而，为了应对“元寇”而进行的全国范围动员，使得日本的经济和军事都处于重压之下，资源使用已经到了极限，幕府也无法充分赏赐抗元将士，加剧了国内武士集团间的矛盾，埋下了镰仓幕府统治体系于14世纪前半叶瓦解的背景。



​glaglugli

so korean always be a dog? mongol dog, chinese dog, now they're divided to be United States and communist dog

所以，朝鲜人从古到今一直在给别人做狗吗？先是蒙古人的狗，再是中国人的狗，现在他们分别是美国的狗和GC主义的狗

Macho Hombre

Lol as if Japan isn’t a vassal to the USA just like Korea is. At least South Korea gets to have its own army.

哈哈，说的好像日本不是美国的狗一样。至少韩国有自己的军队。

Không Tên

because Japanese army was too dangerous so the US doesn’t want Japaneses have their own army. Korean aint shit with Japanese.

日本没有军队那是因为日本的军队太危险了，所以美国不希望日本人有自己的军队。对于日本人来说，韩国人连屎都算不上。

Macho Hombre

“The Japanese army was too dangerous.”

I hope you’re joking, right? The Japanese could not even conquer China, despite it being divided amongst several technologically inferior warlords. The US was on the attack for almost the entire war, and yet took less casualties than the Japanese for every battle except Iwo Jima.

“日本军队太危险？”

我希望你是在开玩笑，对吧？

在二战时期日本人甚至都不能征服中国，而且当时的中国还正处于军阀割据混战的情况下。

在整个太平洋战争中，美国几乎一直都在进攻，除了硫磺岛以外，每一场战役美国的伤亡人数都比日本人少。

The Japanese army was formidable in some ways, but the US was not “afraid” of an army they had already defeated multiple times while taking less casualties. Stop sucking Jap dick, retard.

日本军队在某些方面是可怕的，但美国并不“害怕”一支被他们多次击败而且伤亡惨重的军队。

所以别在跪舔倭奴了，傻逼。

일단 님이 잘생긴건 인정하겠는데

Haaha.. XD I can see many Jap losers desperately trying to insult Korea and brag their puny history.

Japan is banned to have larger army, not because they're dangerous.. it's because they are fucking war criminals.

I mean..

Their tanks,

Their guns,

Their armies..

It all sucks.

哈哈。我看到许多日本废柴试图拼命侮辱韩国并吹嘘他们微不足道的日本史。

日本被禁止拥有军队，并不是因为他们很危险.而是因为日本人是他妈的战犯。

日本人的坦克。

日本人的枪。

日本人的军队.。

全都是废柴。

Hamza Feroz

So only Japan , Veitnam ,Egypt , India and Poland defeated the Mongols

因此，只有日本、越南、埃及、印度和波兰打败了蒙古人。

Fukuokasimin Channel

It proved that there was nothing better than the geographical advantage.

不，他们打败蒙古人只能说明地理优势非常重要

Ali Salloum

It's more like we are thankful for the new Mongol leader who didnt want to take any more lands

They didn't even try Egypt by the way

They took Damascus for a purpose and didn't even stay they went back just after doing what they were commanded

And later on all other lands didn't matter

With some fighting for rule within Mongolia

And the empire fall

But if all had the ambition of Genkis Khan

We would have been in a Mongolian rule

我们应该感谢蒙古的新领导人，因为他不想再夺取更多的土地了。

顺便说一句，蒙古人并没有去过埃及。

蒙古人在攻下大马士革后甚至来不及停留，就回去了。

再后来土地在蒙古人眼里变得不重要了，他们开始为了争夺统治权彼此混战。

蒙古帝国从那时起就开始衰亡。

但如果所有蒙古人都有成吉思汗的野心，我们今天说不定就在蒙古人的统治之下了

Grigoris Karelis

Actually Japan(this video), Egypt(Ain Jalut) and maybe Vietnam. Poland lost every battle against the mongols and the mongols didn't advance in central Europe because of succesion crisis IN the khanate. India was eventually taken -there was a whole dynasty named after the mongols (Mughal).

实际上是日本，埃及，也许还有越南，波兰在与蒙古人的每一场战斗中都失败了，蒙古人因为自身的统治危机而没有继续在中欧取得进展。

印度最终还是被蒙古人占领了-蒙古人建立了一个以蒙古人命名的印度王朝(莫卧儿)。

starfox300

This video makes it seem Japan won only because of luck that there was a typhoon. But out of all the 11 battles Japan won 8 of them, how is that luck?

这个视频看起来像是在说，日本人之所以胜利是因为台风，但纵观蒙古与日本打得11场仗，日本人赢了其中的8场，怎么能说是日本凭借运气赢了蒙古呢？

Cloгох Блять

You do realise the HUGE MAJORITY of Mongol Soldiers at that time were Chinese and Korean, right?

你知道当时的绝大多数的元军士兵都是中国人和朝鲜人，对吗？

Basketballfan15

Probably because they are in japanese lands and mongols without horses weakened them a lot

那是因为日本有一片海作为保护，而且没有马的蒙古人战斗力被限制住了。

Red-Dog 777

「十月廿日未明より、蒙古陆地にあかり、马に仱辘破欷颏ⅳ堡乒イ搿?/div>

十月初凌晨，蒙古点亮灯火开始登陆，骑马举旗展开进攻

aclock2

That's not luck, that's Japanese version of history. I'm amazed they didnt win all the battles, and it should not be the typhoon, it should be something like Mongol successfully landed with half a million horsemen but they were soundly defeated by 300 Japanese Samurai, more like it.

确实不是运气，但根据日本人的历史观，我认为真实的历史应该是蒙古成功登陆50万骑兵，但被300名日本武士彻底击败。

アニメはクールだ

well the mongols could have reinforced and sent more troops if the typhoons hadn’t come, it’s not like the japanese had 8 billion soldiers and were the strongest people on earth

嗯，如果没有台风的话，蒙古人还可以增派军队，不像日本当时只有8万士兵，而且还是本土能够找到的，所有最强的战斗力。

WithAStick AngryWhiteMan

Luck played big part in History of human wars, dear. The Chinese always say luck also is a part of strength that is for reasons. But people can not 100% rely on luck, one can not just sleep all days and ask Gods to do all the Jobs for them.

在人类战争史上，运气确实起了很大的作用。中国人总是说运气也是力量的一部分，这是有原因的。

但是人们不能靠运气吃饭。

Also people say Russia was saved by winter but they tend to forget Russians completely stopped French & German army made them sink into troubles already before winter came. And Winter tortures both side, Russians don't like winter too. Germans Frenches have no supplies, starved & dead in cold winter that was because of their leadership. if Russians have no supplies, also will die.

人们常说俄罗斯得救是因为冬天，但他们往往忘记了，在历史上俄罗斯人抵挡住了法国（拿破仑）和德国军队的攻势，使他们在冬天到来之前就陷入了麻烦。

冬天使交战双方都感到痛苦，俄国人也不喜欢冬天。只要没有补给，不论是俄罗斯人还是德国人都撑不过冬天。

光のペンギン

the typhoon wasnt really a　coincidence since there's a season in Japan when typhoon comes almost absolutely. So pretty much the Mongolian-Chinese-Korean military lost by lack of knowledge

这场台风并不是巧合，因为日本有一个季节，台风几乎是必来的。所以蒙古-中国-朝鲜的军队是由于缺乏知识而失败的。

Hendry Sugianto

Chinese and Korean lose because lack of navigation knowledge?

你的意思是因为中国人和韩国人缺乏航海知识而输掉战争？

光のペンギン

Hendry Sugianto

Mongol-Chinese-Koreans didnt have problem in navigation; they were able to reach the Japanese land. What they didnt know was whether they will be safe to sail or stay on the sea. They should have chosen spring or winter since there's less typhoon compared to summer or autum (though there' typhoon anyway throughout the year).　Their second invasion was pretty stupid from Japanese perspection, because the date (July-August) was the worst time to avoid typhoon. Its actually a wonder how they were able to survive two months.

蒙古-中国-韩国人在航行上没有问题，他们可以通过自身的航海知识到达日本。

但他们不知道航行或停留在海上是否安全。

他们应该选择春季或冬季，因为与夏季或秋季相比，日本的台风较少(尽管全年都有台风)。

从日本人的角度来看，蒙古人的第二次入侵是相当愚蠢的，因为7月至8月正是台风可能出现的高发时间段。

蒙古人能在海上撑两个月还真是个奇迹。。

WithAStick AngryWhiteMan

Not lack of knowledge, books said not even Japanese themselves knew about the storm would come. not to mention happened twice. Mongols did not fear Japanese but the power of Gods made mongols crapped in their pants.

不是缺乏知识，当时甚至连日本人自己也不知道风暴会来，更不用说来两次。

蒙古人不害怕日本人，但天时和地利一样不占让蒙古人有心无力。

汉仔

The typhoon is only a major reason why the ships sank. Another reason is the shipbuilders in Korea did not put in effort in building strong naval ships for the Mongols. Because the Mongols demand them to build thousands of ships within a couple of months.

台风只是船只沉没的主要原因。另一个原因是朝鲜人没有为蒙古人建造合格的舰船。因为蒙古人要求朝鲜人在几个月内建造数千艘船。

poortaiwanese

The southern Chinese force did not engage in the invasion. They've arrived late on purpose and did not battle the japanese.

The invasion was mostly done by the koryo (korean) forces.

中国南方军队没有参与入侵。他们是故意迟到的，没有和日本人作战。

入侵主要是由高丽(朝鲜)部队完成的。

kaisermuto

Mongolian horse men could not occupy Japan even if Mongolian landed and advanced deep Japan,

There exist mountains and woods and deep forest. How could they battle in forest?

How could they battle among valley?

蒙古人是游牧民族，不可能占领日本，即使蒙古人登陆并推进到日本腹地，

那里尽是高山和深林。他们怎么能在森林和山谷中作战？

Seungheun Cheon

If i remember correctly the mongol army used their speed to their advantage. They would try their best not to go into places with mountain and forest. They would always stay on the big roads. Doing this they reached the korean capital before the korean could raise an army.

如果我没记错的话，速度是蒙古军队最大的优势。他们会避免有山和森林的地方而把战场选在平坦开阔地带。

比如说，当朝鲜人还没来得及集结军队，蒙古人就已经到达了朝鲜首都。

Evren Durmaz

Mongol and Japanese a real warrior!

蒙古人和日本人是真正的勇士！

ズッチ

皇纪2400年だかしある歴史の中で

日本は外国との戦争ではアメリカにしか

负けたことがない

在日本皇纪2400年的历史中。

日本在与外国的战争中除了美国。

从来没输过。

Emile Chen

yes, they are tough warriors, but China Ming dynasty destroyed Mongol Yuan dynasty and invade Mongol steppe, then in Imjin war in 1592, China defeated Japan in Korea,

是的，他们都是真正的勇士，但是中国明朝摧毁了蒙古元朝，入侵了蒙古草原，然后在1592年日本入侵朝鲜的战争中，中国在朝鲜击败了日本。

takasan1964

The "Imjin War" actually ended in a draw.

It was just Hideyoshi 's death that ended the war.

It is written in "the history of the Ming Dynasty" and "the "Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty" that we could not have defeated the enemy.

明朝与日本的战争实际上是以平局结束的。

正是由于当时日本最高统治者丰臣秀吉的死才导致了这场战争的结束。

这些都是在《明史》和《朝鲜李朝实录》中有记载的。

takasan1964

In the Imjin war 1592 (in Korea), at first, Koreans did not fight much bravely., The Japanese army buried korean soldiers who fought bravely with respect. So, Seoul fell in only three weeks.

After the King of Korea escaped from Seoul, the people of Seoul set fire to and looted the royal palaces .

在1592年日本侵朝战争初期，朝鲜人的战斗意志并不高。在粉碎了少量英勇作战的朝鲜士兵后，日本军队只用了三个星期就攻陷了汉城。

在朝鲜国王逃离汉城后，汉城人民放火并抢劫了王室宫殿。

takasan1964

After that, the Japanese army, even in Manchuria, fought against Manchurians together with thousands of Koreans. And, two Korean princes were also captured by local officials and handed over to the Japanese army.

在那之后，日本人甚至一度攻到了满洲（中国东北），和成千上万的朝鲜降军一起，和满洲女真人交战，另外有两名朝鲜王子也被当地官员抓了起来，移交给了日本军队。

takasan1964

And, Japan (the Tokugawa clan) offered reinforcements against Manchurians to China (the Ming Dynasty). However, Korea did not tell "Ming Dynasty" about it well .

After that, "Ming Dynasty" requested reinforcement from Japan more than ten times, but it was too late. (the Qing Dynasty)

在战争结束后，日本德川幕府曾表示希望帮助明朝政府对抗满洲女真，然而朝鲜并没有告诉明朝这件事情。

此后，南明政府曾十多次请求日本增援，但已经为时已晚。

ID:L4qR6DZi

徳川家康を渡海させていれば朝鲜どころか

満洲の地を併呑することができた

如果让德川家康渡海参战，别说朝鲜了，就连满洲的土地我们都可以吞并了。

ID:5lZInsAm

秀吉死后、日本势が半岛からあっさり撤退したのが一所悬命の侍らしくない。

北朝鲜はともかくソウル以南では米は普通にとれるし、日韩併合后には内地に大量に输出するほどの

米生産地になったのだし、里心がついてたにしても、あのへんを所领にして残留希望する武将は出なかったのだろうか？

丰臣秀吉死后，日本势力从朝鲜半岛上撤退的一干二净，这根本就不是一个敢于流尽最后一滴血的武士做派。

朝鲜北部暂且不说，朝鲜南部（现在韩国地区）在当时已经可以收获大米了，日本不用再通过本土向驻扎在朝鲜的军队运送大米了。

即便日本军队有思乡之情，领人奇怪的是，难道就没有为了残存的希望留下来驻守领地的武将吗？

ID:Lt0hhmk5

幸州山城の戦いは、朝鲜军が城を放弃して撤退。

晋州城の戦いは、朝鲜军が全灭。

露梁海戦は、李舜臣が戦死。

幸州山城之战是朝鲜军放弃自己的城池撤退的。

晋州城战役，朝鲜军队全军覆没。

露梁海战中李舜臣战死。

ID:o1JDb194

ボケ老人秀吉の暴走

文化も资源も水や食料までひたすら何もない朝鲜

ひたすら无能な朝鲜王宫

责任回避しか考えてない明の将军

老年痴呆加上情绪失控的丰臣秀吉

没有文化、资源、水和食物的朝鲜

无能的朝鲜王室

只想回避责任的明朝将军

Eul Yong Lee

Japan survived the mongol onslaught for four reasons.

1. They are on an island that is frequently hit by typhoons.

2. Said island has ZERO resources. The mongols had no real incentive to invade Japan. Japan wasn't particularly high on their priorities list. The invasion of Japan was nothing more than a vanity project. They mostly focused their armies and resources on invading richer nations.

日本在蒙古入侵中幸免于难有四个原因。

1.他们居住在一个经常受到台风袭击的岛屿上。

2.这个岛屿上的资源几乎为零，蒙古人没有真正的动机入侵日本，日本在他们的名单上并没有占据特别重要的位置。入侵日本只不过是一个虚荣的工程。蒙古的军队和资源主要集中在入侵富裕国家上

3. Korean ship makers intentionally sabotaged Mongol ships so that they would break a part at sea. During the typhoon, only the Korean and Chinese made ships survived.

4. The mongols being utterly clueless and impatient, decided to use river boats to cross the sea. River boats have shallow drafts which makes them easily flip over at sea.

3.朝鲜造船者故意破坏蒙古船只，这样他们就会在海上坏掉一部分。在台风期间，只有韩国和中国制造的船只幸免于难。

4.蒙古人毫无航海知识，耐不住性子，决定用河船渡海。河船的吃水很浅，因此很容易在海上翻船。

The samurai were not particularly good at fighting. Japanese warriors were inferior to their neighbors. The mongols easily crushed them in direct encounters. In the past, Japan lost all its wars against its neighbors. The only thing preventing them from being conquered was their distance from the mainland and lack of resources to make them worthwhile of invading.

武士并不擅长战斗。日本的武士不如他们的邻居。

蒙古人很容易在直接交锋中打败他们。在过去，日本输掉了对邻国的所有战争。唯一阻止日本人被征服的，就是他们与大陆之间的距离和缺乏资源的地理环境，使得日本在别人的眼中不值得入侵。


fled admiral

They could not establish a bridgehead and stayed on the ship for nearly two months. Massive typhoons often come to Japan in this season. Mongol forces stayed such a long time on their ship on this dangerous season, of course typhoon will hit them!!

蒙古军队没有建立桥头堡，只是在船上呆了近两个月。在这个季节，日本经常会有大台风。

这个危险的季节，蒙古军队在他们的船上呆了这么长时间，台风当然会袭击他们！

140000 men are massive forces, but to across the sea and invade Japan with such a huge power in those days is really difficult. Lack of information, lack of supply, lack of preparation, I think typhoon gave mongols a finish blow but even without it they would have failed. Main reason why Japan won is their land does not connect to the Continent of Asia.

140000人是庞大的力量，但要横渡海洋，以如此强大的力量入侵日本，在当时是很困难的。缺乏信息，缺乏供应，缺乏准备，我认为台风给了蒙古一个致命的打击，但即使没有它，他们也会失败。日本获胜的主要原因是他们的土地没有连接到亚洲大陆。

Ricecel

The Chinese are actually grateful to Mongols for destroying the small kingdoms and uniting China once again, but this time including new lands, Mongolian steppes and the western lands of modern China. Genghis khan is officially China's national hero.

事实上，中国人感谢蒙古人摧毁了当时大大小小的王国，再次统一了中国，但这一次统一带来了新的土地、蒙古草原和现代中国的西部土地。成吉思汗已经成为了中国的民族英雄。

phungvietanhao

The Mongol did prepare to invade Japan the 3rd time. However, they decided to switch objective to invade Vietnam (also 3rd time) instead.

蒙古人确实准备第三次入侵日本。

然而，最终他们决定将目标改为(第三次)入侵越南。

Amin Shahril

in Vietnam and Java they failed too.

蒙古人在越南和爪哇同样遭遇了失败

Kaleidoscope

depending on what you define a defeat. Vietnam did win on the 3rd times but at very high cost in economy due to extensive guerrilla warfare. If there were the 4th invasion with more men (there were 500 thousands on the 3rd invasion) and armies from the West of Mongol empire who can withstand tropical climate in Vietnam, Vietnam will stand no chance. So the Tran Imperial choose to yield to the Mongol afterward in exchange for territorial, political, cultural and (partially) economy freedom.

失不失败取决于你自己的定义。越南在第三次蒙越战争中获胜，但也因此付出了很高的经济代价。

如果蒙古帝国集结能够适应越南热带气候的西部军队，发动第四次战争，越南就没有机会了。

因此，越南选择在第三次蒙越战争后屈服于蒙古，以换取领土、政治、文化和(部分)经济自由。