quora网友:诸葛亮公元207年加入刘备,时年26岁。我们再看看其他历史上著名的军事人物的年龄。公元前334年:亚历山大大帝,18岁,入侵了尼德王朝......
How were strategists of Ancient China trained? I noticed that during the Three Kingdoms, strategists were very young. Hermits like Zhuge Liang for example came from the middle of nowhere and created hugely successful strategies. How is it possible?
中国古代的战略家是如何培养的?我发现三国时期的战略家都非常年轻。比如诸葛亮这种不知从哪里冒出来的隐士也能制定出非常成功的战略。这如何可能?(上)
Jiawen Cheong, 龙的传人
Answered Dec 11, 2017
Zhuge Liang joined Liu Bei in 207 AD, age 26. Let’s see how his age compares to other well-known historical military figures.
334 BC: Alexander the Great, age 18, invades the Achaemenid (Persian) Empire.
221 BC: Hannibal Barca, age 26, made commander-in-chief of Carthaginian Army. Begins invasion of Rome in the Second Punic War. He is eventually defeated by Scipio Africanus, who was made Proconsul of Rome at the age of 25.
诸葛亮公元207年加入刘备,时年26岁。我们再看看其他历史上着名的军事人物的年龄。
公元前334年:亚历山大大帝,18岁,入侵了尼德王朝。
公元前221年:汉尼拔,26岁,迦太基军队的总司令。在第二次布匿战争中开始入侵罗马。他最终被西庇阿打败,而他在25岁的时候就成为了罗马总督。
Can Zhang, B.A. in Chinese Culture
Answered Jan 13, 2018
The real history is actually very much different from the depiction of Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
For instance, Romance depicted that Liu Bei sent an invasion force of 750,000 to avenge Guan Yu's death at the hands of Wu, but the reality is Shu's invasion force was actually less than 1/10th of that, and that by the time the “Young Strategist” Lu Xun (he was actually close to his 40’s) arrived at Yiling, Wu had the numerical advantage over Shu. Thus, the famed “Lu Xun raises a 700 mile long inferno” was actually not only a fabrication, it was not within the same ballpark of the truth. The kind of “A strategist plans within his tent for victories thousands of miles away” is a specific kind of fantasy for scholars who fancied themselves genius military commanders after having read a few books, and those depictions are their fantasies put into text form. It inspires people to read and study, but is not how wars are won.
真实的历史其实和《三国演义》里讲述的很不一样。比如,三国演义里说刘备为了替关羽报仇而派出了75万人的入侵军队对付吴国,但事实是蜀国的入侵部队不到那个的十分之一,当“年轻的战略家”陆逊(当时实际上已经接近40岁)抵达夷陵时,吴国对蜀国有着很多优势。因此,着名的陆逊火烧连营的故事也是捏造,不真实的。运筹帷幄,决胜千里之外,这也是一种幻想,因为这些人在读了几本书后特别喜欢将自己当成是天才的军事指挥者,这些描述都是他们的想象,诉诸于文字。这能激励人们去阅读和研究,但战争不是这样打赢的。
Real strategists are those who have been through many battles and naturally selected by survival. Even Zhuge Liang, the symbol of military strategy in novels, was a terrible strategist but a brilliant administrator. Shu was able to contend with the much bigger and more populous Wei through his economic policies and mobilization, not because he devised genius strategies that defeated forces much larger than his own. In real history, Zhuge Liang’s victories were few and far in between, and that’s why he never made any real progress towards any of Wei’s heartland.
真正的战略家是那些经历过众多战斗而生存下来的人。即使是诸葛亮这种小说里的军事战略象征也是一个糟糕的战略家,但是是一个聪明的管理者。蜀国通过经济政策和动员从而可以对抗规模更大人口更多的魏国,而不是因为诸葛亮的天才策略。在真实的历史中,诸葛亮的胜利是很少的,所以他从来没能真正的侵入魏国的腹地。
Meng Feifei, lives in China
Answered Jan 18, 2018
Because the Three Kingdoms period was the peak of Chinese family politics. At the period, national politics were dominated by big families. These families were very powerful. They had their own land, towns, tax income and private army. They monopolized talent selection. Family pedigree came first.
因为三国时期是中国家族政治的巅峰时期。当时,国内政治由大家族主导。这些家族非常强大。他们有自己的土地,城镇,税收收入和私人军队。他们垄断了人才选拔。家族血统优先。
If you were a young guy in the Three Kingdom period, you came from a powerful family, you were entitled to a position in the government when coming of age.
This pedigree-based talent selection system lingered on a while even after Emperor Wen of Sui introduced the imperial exam system.
三国时期如果你是个年轻人,来自权势家族,成年后你就能在政府获得一个职位。
这种家谱为基础的人才选拔制度在隋文帝推出科举制度后还持续了一段时间。
我们致力于传递世界各地老百姓最真实、最直接、最详尽的对中国的看法
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