宋朝的治理和经济都很强，为什么军队那么弱？ [美国媒体]

Why was the Song dynasty militarily unsuccesful despite their great governance and economy?

宋朝的治理和经济都很强，为什么军队那么弱？



Paul Denlinger, US_2016 = Germany_1933
Answered Nov 4, 2015
The biggest problem for the Tang dynasty, which preceded the Song dynasty, were the military villages or 藩镇。The Tang dynasty had to deal with the An Lushan Rebellion and before that, fought the Battle of Talas with the Arab Islamic armies in central Asia.

宋朝之前的唐朝存在的最大问题是军事村庄（藩镇）。唐朝必须应对安禄山叛乱，在此之前，还在中亚和阿拉伯伊斯兰军打响了塔拉斯之战。



What makes Zhao interesting is that by not executing his generals, he set the tone for the whole Song dynasty: he was a military leader who only reluctantly used military power.

赵匡胤的这个做法给整个宋朝奠定了基调：他是一个不愿使用军力的军事领袖。

Before getting into the reasons for why the Song did not choose to use military force, it is worth remembering that it lasted for nearly 300 years, which is the general standard for Chinese dynasties. The dynasty was more focused on political theory and commerce than the Tang dynasty, and there was less influence from central Asia than during previous dynasties. For a long time, I believe that the Song believed that their mastery of the arts, culture and commerce gave them an advantage over the Jurchen and the Mongols, and that the Song court would be able to buy them off.

在说明宋朝为什么不使用军力之前，值得注意的是宋朝持续了将近300年，这是一般中国朝代的长度。宋朝比唐朝更加注重政治理论和商业，比起前朝，受到中亚的影响更少。我一直都认为当时的宋朝肯定觉得自己对艺术，文化和商业的掌握让他们对女真和蒙古人有了优势，认为自己可以收买他们。



Johnny Bai
Nov 4, 2015
And he was a general of Zhou dynasty, not Liao.

而且他是周朝的将军， 不是辽朝。

Harvey King, born in Taiwan, grew up in US, family rooted in mainland China for centuries.
Updated Jun 8, 2016
Three major reasons:
1. Song Dynasty never managed to conquer the part of Northern China where the Great Wall was located. It is probably the only major dynasty that didn't have the Great Wall as protection. Had the Song Dynasty had the Great Wall, the history of the world probably have to be re-written, as Mongolians probably couldn't get very far later without knowledge of how to lay siege to a Chinese city.

三个主要的原因：
1、宋朝从来没能征服长城所在的中国北方。它可能是唯一一个没有长城保护的大朝代。如果宋朝有长城保护，历史可能要重写了，因为如果没有围攻中国城市所积累起来的经验，蒙古人可能就不会征服那么远的地方了。

2. Song Dynasty was established by staging a military coup. As result, the royal family never trust the armed forces and was constantly trying to ensure the army was in check, even at the expense of fighting effectiveness.

2、宋朝是通过军事政变建立的。结果，所以宋朝皇室不信任军队，总是让军队受到制约，甚至以牺牲战斗力为代价。



The new point of entry for proto-Mongol and proto-Manchu peoples was the Beijing area, and the Song never gained control of this area, known as the Sixteen Prefectures, for more than a couple of years. Starting in the mid-Song, Beijing became the capital for large northern states and then China as a whole.

所以蒙古人和满人进行中国的新入口就是北京地区，而宋朝有一段时间从未控制这个地区，即燕云十六州。从宋朝中期开始，北京就成为大型北方国家的首都，然后是整个中国的首都。