【QA】中国正在南海的珊瑚礁上建立军事基地吗？ [美国媒体]

Why is Chinadestroying reefs in the South China Sea? They are building military bases onreefs. Will this hurt the fish environment?

为什么中国要破坏南海的珊瑚礁？他们正在这些珊瑚礁上建立军事基地。这样做会伤害鱼类的生存环境吗？



Joseph Wang,studied at Ph.D Astronomy UT Austin, Physics MIT
The Chinesegovernment is starting to set things up to minimize environment damage
Beijing to restorecoral reefs after island building in South China Sea
One problem withthis sort of thing is that people are trying to use the environment as a pawn.I’ve seen articles in foreign policy journals, complaining about Chinadestroying the environment, but it’s obvious that the people complaining aboutthis really don’t care about the environment.
I’ve actuallyasked some people in ecology what they think and what they tell me is thatwhile they aren’t happy about Chinese development of the SCS islands, thatthere are so many environmental threats that this isn’t particularly high onthe list. They are much more worried about overfishing and climate change. Howmuch environmental damage you do end up doing is something that you have tolook on a case by case basis.
It also turns outthat the people that work on environmental issues, really, really don’t likebeing used as political pawns for military purposes, which is why they reallyhaven’t spoken out on this issue. What the military wants is for theenvironmentalists to complain about Chinese activities, but when the US and itsallies do something bad they should shut up. To their credit, theenvironmentalists are used to this game, aren’t interested in playing it.

Joseph Wang，得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天文学博士，麻省理工学院物理学
中国正在着手采取措施，以尽量减少对环境的破坏
新闻：在南海岛屿建设后，北京着手修复珊瑚礁生态系统
这里存在一个问题，就是这种事情往往人们只是试图将环境当做一个幌子。我在外交政策期刊上看过一些文章，抱怨中国破坏了环境，但很明显，抱怨这件事的人其实并不关心环境。

我实际上问过生态学方面的一些人他们的想法，他们告诉我，虽然他们对中国南海岛屿的开发感到不满，但世界上存在太多的环境威胁了，（破坏岛礁这种事）在名单上严重等级并不是特别高。他们更担心过度捕捞和气候变化。你最终会造成多少环境破坏，要根据具体情况来看待的。
事实证明，从事环境问题工作的人真的不喜欢被当成以军事为目的的政治棋子，这就是他们真的没有就这个问题发表意见的原因。军方想要的是环保主义者抱怨中国的活动，但当美国及其盟友做坏事时，他们应该闭嘴。值得称道的是，环保主义者对这个游戏已经见怪不怪，没兴趣参和了。



Bill Smith, BAAsian Studies (Hons) from Curtin University
According to theUN PCA ruling in the case which the Philippines brought against China;
“Harm to MarineEnvironment: The Tribunal considered the effect on the marine environment ofChina’s recent large-scale land reclamation and construction of artificialislands at seven features in the Spratly Islands and found that China hadcaused severe harm to the coral reef environment and violated its obligation topreserve and protect fragile ecosystems and the habitat of depleted,threatened, or endangered species. The Tribunal also found that Chineseauthorities were aware that Chinese fishermen have harvested endangered seaturtles, coral, and giant clams on a substantial scale in the South China Sea(using methods that inflict severe damage on the coral reef environment) andhad not fulfilled their obligations to stop such activities.”.

Bill Smith,科廷大学亚洲研究（荣誉）学士
根据菲律宾对中国提起诉讼时联合国常设仲裁法院作出的裁决;
“对海洋环境的危害：仲裁庭考虑了中国最近在南沙群岛七个地区进行的大规模填海造地和人工岛屿建设对海洋环境的影响，认为中国对珊瑚礁环境造成了严重危害，违反了保护脆弱生态系统或濒危物种栖息地的义务。仲裁庭还认为，中国当局知道中国渔民在南海大规模捕捞濒临灭绝的海龟，珊瑚和巨型蛤蜊（捕捞方法对珊瑚礁环境造成严重破坏），但没有履行停止此类活动的义务。”

Jamie Cawley,LIved in China 2012-2018, now Hong Kong
FYI Vietnamoccupies 48 reefs and China 8 on which it has built some militaryinstallations.
The South ChinaSea is unique and bizarre. It centre is very shallow and filled with reefs,many exposed at low tide. It is a compete graveyard for any ship that tries togo across it rather then hug the coasts where there is a clear passage.
As a result ofthis and ‘ownership’ disputes it has been much less surveyed then you mightimagine, although it seems very likely that there is a lot of oil underneathit.
The currentactivities in the reef area are minute in comparison to the size of the sea andto nearby land influences with the burgeoning traffic to and from China andelsewhere. The disputes, by keeping oil activities away, are probably doing alot to preserve the local environment,

Jamie Cawley，2012-2018在中国大陆生活，现居香港
据悉，越南占据了48个珊瑚礁，而中国占据了8个，并在上面建造了一些军事设施。
南中国海是一个独特而奇异的地方。它的中心很浅，里面充满了珊瑚礁，很多都是在退潮时才会暴露出来。对于任何试图穿越它的船只来说，它更像是一个竞争墓地，而不是拥抱海岸，有明确通道海域。

由于这种情况，还有关于它的“所有权”纠纷，人们对南中国海进行的调查可能会比你所想的要少得多，尽管很可能它下面有很多石油。
随着来往中国和其他地方的新兴交通日益繁忙，与海的大小和附近陆地的影响相比，目前在珊瑚礁区域的活动影响可以说非常微小。由于存在争端，使其远离了石油开采活动，可能反而为保护当地环境起了很大作用。



Can Sarman
Yes, it will hurtthe “fish environment” a little bit.
If one wishes toreally destroy the “fish environment”, this is the way to go;
Decades Ago, theU.S. Military Set Off a Nuke Underwater, And It Went Very Badly

是的，这会对“鱼类环境”造成一点伤害。
如果一个人想要真正破坏“鱼类环境”，那么这才是正确的打开方式：
【文章】几十年前，美国军方发射了一枚水下核武器，其影响非常糟糕

Frans Vandenbosch,lives in China (2002-present)
Don’t worry aboutthe fish. China is providing food there for the local fish.
China is not“destroying” reefs. They’re building reefs.
And, by the way,it is legal Chinese territory, so China can unilatery decide what to do there,when and how.

Frans Vandenbosch，居住在中国（2002年至今）
不要担心鱼了。中国正在那里为当地的鱼类提供食物呢。
中国不是“摧毁”珊瑚礁。他们正在建造珊瑚礁。
还有，顺便说一下，它是合法的中国领土，所以中国可以单独决定在那里做什么，何时做以及如何做。