IS叛逃人员：IS喜欢美国的“愚蠢”枪枝法 [美国媒体]

The Islamic State likes America’s ‘dumb’ gunlaws, defector says（华盛顿邮报）

（IS的）叛逃人员说，IS（伊斯兰国）喜欢美国的“愚蠢”枪枝法



Three variants of the AR-15 assault rifle are displayed at theCalifornia Department of Justice in Sacramento in August 2012. (RichPedroncelli/AP)

（图上）2012年8月在萨克拉门托（加州首府）加利福利亚州司法部门展示了3种不同改装AR-15突击步枪。（Rich Pedroncelli/美国联合通讯社）

"Dumb."

“愚蠢”

That'show the Islamic State views America's lax gun laws, according to one formerrecruit who traveled to Syria to join the group.
    
根据曾旅行到叙利亚参加（IS）组织的一个前佣兵说法，IS就是这么看待美国松懈的枪枝法。

Speaking to the New York Times's Rukmini Callimachi, Harry Sarfo was characterizing how the groupwould approach attacks on foreign soil differently in the United States than inEurope, where strict gun control meant they favored using recruits with accessto criminal networks.

在同纽约时报的Rukmini Callimachi对话中，Harry Sarfo（就是那个IS的叛逃人员）过去曾描述（IS）组织在境外打击时对美国和欧洲的袭击方式是有区别的，那些有严格枪枝管理的地方意味着（IS）组织更倾向于从犯罪网络（应该是恐怖组织开的网站啥的）上雇佣新兵。

“For America and Canada, it’s much easier forthem to get them over the social network, because they say the Americans aredumb — they have open gun policies,” Sarfo said from a prison in Germany. “Theysay we can radicalize them easily, and if they have no prior record, they canbuy guns, so we don’t need to have a contact man who has to provide guns forthem.”

“但是在美国和加拿大，从社交网络上招募这些人要容易多了，因为他们说美国人是蠢蛋，他们有开放的枪枝政策”，Sarfo在德国的监狱里面曾说过。“他们很容易让那些人激进化，而且如果他们没有前科，他们可以自己买枪，这样我们就不需要找个中间人给他们提供枪枝了。”

It's a comment that slotsuncomfortably into the U.S. debate about guns and terrorism.

这是一个让美国不舒服的评论，关于枪枝和恐怖主义（关系的）争论。

Those who favor greater gun control in the states have pointedto the availability of guns in the country as a risk factor, enabling easy and legalaccess to weapons that can kill a lot of people in a short time. Pro-gunvoices, meanwhile, suggest that the widespread availability of guns leads to"good guys with guns" who could stop a terrorist shooter in histracks.

在美国，那些支持更严格控枪的人士指出枪枝的泛滥是一个危险因素，让人很容易又合法的获得武器可能会短时间杀死大量群众。与此同时，也有些支持持枪的声援，建议更广泛普及枪枝，这样就会导致“好人都配枪”，一旦一个恐怖分子持枪袭击，（好人）能马上阻止他。

Suggestionsthat those on the terrorist watch list should be barred from purchasing weaponshave led to a backlash from both the National Rifle Association and civilrights lawyers, who argue that the currentterrorist watch list system is tooflawed for a ban to work.

有建议称，那些在恐怖监视名单上的人应该被禁止购买武器，但这遭到全国步枪协会和民权律师们的强烈反对，他们认为当前的恐怖监视名单有太多的缺陷而不能正常运作。

Anumber of experts told WorldViews that this appeared to be the first time theIslamic State or one of its former recruits had spoken of theorganization's views on U.S. gun control. It isn't the first time that anIslamist militant group has suggested that the country's gun laws make ita ready target for attacks, however.

一些专家告诉WorldViews（世界观，就是邮报的一个栏目，也是该文章所属的版块），这似乎是IS或者他的前佣兵中的一员第一次表达该组织对于美国枪枝管理的看法。然而，国家的枪枝法不是第一次被某个伊斯兰激进组织做为攻击的目标。

J.M.Berger, a researcher on extremism, points to a 2011 video clip thatfeatures Adam Gadahn, an American al-Qaeda recruit who was one of the mostprominent voices in the group at the time. "America is absolutelyawash with easily obtainable firearms," Gadahn toldpotential al-Qaeda recruits. "You can go down to a gun show at the local conventioncenter, and come away with a fully automatic assault rifle without a backgroundcheck and most likely without having to show an identification card. So whatare you waiting for?" (Gadahn was killed last year in Pakistan by aCIA drone strike.)

J.M.Berger，一个极端主义的研究员，指出一段2011年有着Adam Gadahn（基地分子）样貌的视频剪辑，此人是一个美籍基地组织新兵也是当时基地组织最出名的发言人。“美国完全是个枪枝泛滥的国家.”Gadahn告诉那些潜在的基地新兵。“你们可以去参加个当地会展中心开的枪展会，然后带着装满子弹的自动突击步枪离开那里，即不需要背景调查也几乎不需要检查ID卡（其实想翻译成身份证），既然这样，你们还在等啥？“Gadahn去年已经丧生于发生在巴基斯坦CIA的无人机袭击中。”

Atthe time, Berger wrote that this was "only the latest example of gun-lovefrom al-Qaeda and its affiliates" and that "there are compellingreasons to focus our terrorism prevention strategy on firearms-basedattacks." To an extent, this prediction has come true already: Accordingto one recent analysis byFiveThirtyEight's Carl Bialik, an increasing number of terrorist attacksin the United States are committed with firearms, in part a response tostricter laws controlling explosives and materials that can be used tocreate explosives.

当时，Berger写道“只有基地及其附属组织枪枝爱好者的最新例子”同时写到“这有令人信服的理由，我们应该把反恐焦点放在热武器袭击上。”在某种程度上，这种预测已经成真了，依据一个来自FiveThirtyEight's（某网站） CarlBialik（记者）最近的分析，在美国，越来越多的恐怖袭击是热武器犯罪，做为回应，法律更严格管制了炸药及其（制作）材料。

Speaking to the NewYork Times, Sarfo suggested that the Islamic State was activelyseeking foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq to send back to Europe, where theycould carry out attacks. Recruits with criminal histories were especiallysought after by the group, “especially if they know you have ties toorganized crime and they know you can get fake IDs, or they know you havecontact men in Europe who can smuggle you into the European Union.”

Sarfo曾对纽约时报介绍说，IS积极寻求在叙利亚和伊拉克的外国战士并把他们送回到欧洲，在那里他们可以进行恐怖袭击。曾有过犯罪历史的新兵特别收到集团追捧，“尤其是他们知道你与犯罪组织有联系，或者他们知道你能弄到假的ID卡，或者他们知道你在欧洲有能帮你偷渡到欧盟的联系人。”

Weaponswere also a factor. In much of Western Europe, gun laws are tight. However, thecontinent's largely open borders make smuggling easy, and guns can be obtainedon the black market if you know whom to ask. The Islamic State recruitswho attackedParis inNovember 2015 were found to have firearms that had originated in EasternEurope. The Brussels-based cell that planned and perpetrated that attackand another in Belgium five months later had links to the criminal world,and some had spent time with the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq.

武器也是因素之一。在大多数西欧国家，枪枝法很严格，然而，欧洲大陆广大的开放边界使得走私很容易，如果你有门路，你很容易从黑市上买到枪枝。2015年巴黎制造恐袭的IS新兵被发现拥有来自东欧的热武器。5个月后的布鲁塞尔恐怖袭击也与世界犯罪有关，就是那些在叙利亚和伊拉克花费时间的IS组织。

Incontrast, an attack in San Bernardino, Calif., in December 2015 andanother in Orlando in June 2016 — two attacks both claimed by theIslamic State that killed a total of 63 people — were conducted by peoplewith little link to organized crime. These people had not been to the MiddleEast to fight, and their links to the Islamic State were weak, at best. In bothof these shootings, the firearms used were bought legally.

相比之下, 2015年12月在加州的圣贝纳迪诺,另一个则是2016年6月在奥兰多——这两次IS声称负责的袭击,共有63人死亡——实施人倒是与组织犯罪少有联系。从乐观的一面讲，这些人没有去过中东斗争,与IS也没什么联络。在这两个枪击事件中,所使用的武器都是合法购买的。

Complicatingmatters, however, is another tend. In recent months, experts have noticedan increase of seemingly ad hoc methods for Islamic State-directed or inspiredviolence. A deadly attack in Nice that used a large box truck asa weapon shows how crudely inventive the Islamic State could be withoutlegally or illegally acquired firearms.

然而,事情越来越复杂,往往又有另一个趋势。近几个月来,专家们已经注意到IS似乎有了特别的指导方法或者暴力启发方式。在尼斯发生的致命袭击中，是把一个大货车当作武器来使用，这显示了当IS没有了合法或者非法的可购得的武器，是有多么粗暴的创造力。

"Ithink both ISIS and al-Qaeda are opportunists and will use whatever weapon iseither available or most useful in the circumstances," Bruce Hoffman,director of Georgetown University's Security Studies Program, explained in anemail. "Legally bought guns or refrigerator trucks — whichever gets thejob done."

“我认为IS和基地组织都是机会主义者，他们会使用任何的武器，要么是可以买到的，要么是最符合当下环境使用的。”Bruce Hoffman,乔治敦大学的安全研究项目主任在电子邮件中解释说。“合法购买的枪支或冷库车——只要能把工作干好。”