中国发射长征五号：世界上最强大的火箭之一 [美国媒体]

China’s heavy-lift Long March 5 rocket fired into space on a successful inaugural flight Thursday, debuting a brand new launcher that can carry twice the payload of any other Chinese booster and setting a keystone for the country’s ambitions for a space station and interplanetary exploration.

中国的重型运载火箭长征五号周四发射进入太空，这一新登场的运载火箭有效载荷是任何其他中国火箭的两倍，肩负起该国建设太空站和星际探索的雄心。

The maiden test flight gives China a rocket that nearly identically matches the capability of the world’s current space lift leader, United Launch Alliance’s Delta 4-Heavy rocket, and exceeds the performance of other heavy-lifters like Europe’s Ariane 5 and Russia’s Proton launcher.

首飞试验使中国拥有了几乎可以比肩现役世界运载冠军的火箭——联合发射联盟的德尔塔4型重型火箭，并超过了其他的重型运载火箭，如欧洲的阿丽亚娜5型火箭和俄罗斯的质子号运载火箭。

The Long March 5 rocket, the product of two decades of research and at least nine years of construction, fabrication and testing, is a centerpiece of China’s plans to assemble a permanently-crewed space station in orbit and send robotic missions to the moon and Mars.

长征五号，经过了二十年研究和至少九年建造测试，是中国发射永久载人轨道空间站和机器登陆月球和火星的核心产品。

The powerful launcher, driven by 10 engines on its first stage and strap-on boosters, took off at 1243 GMT (8:43 a.m. EDT; 8:43 p.m. Beijing time) Thursday from the Wenchang space center on Hainan Island off the southern coast of the Chinese mainland.

该火箭在第一阶段由十台引擎驱动并捆绑了助推器，于北京时间周四20点43分中国南端的海南岛文昌发射中心腾空。

The launch was delayed nearly three hours to resolve concerns with a liquid oxygen venting system and temperatures inside the Long March 5’s engines.

发射推迟了三个小时来解决长征五号引擎的液氧系统和温度和相关问题。

The rocket’s two core stage YF-77 engines, burning a mix of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen and flying on a rocket for the first time, ignited with a burst of orange flame in the final seconds of the countdown. Eight kerosene-fueled YF-100 engines, arranged in pairs of two on four strap-on rockets, fired seconds later to propel the beefy booster off the pad.

该火箭两个核心阶段的混合燃烧液态氢和液态氧YF-77引擎首次在一个火箭上飞行，在倒计时的最后时刻被点燃发出橙色的火焰。八台液氧煤油火箭发动机YF100，成对放置在四台助推火箭上，几秒钟后点燃助推主火箭飞出发射台。

The Long March 5 quickly soared through a deck of low clouds on top of 2.4 million pounds of thrust, and on-board cameras showed the rocket climbing into the stratosphere as it arced east from Wenchang over the South China Sea.

长征五号在240万磅的推力下穿透低云层，从文昌向东在南中国海上空划了一道弧线，附载摄像头显示火箭爬升到了平流层。





The fairing’s release revealed the mission’s experimental payload, Shijian 17, designed for an electric propulsion demonstration in orbit.

整流罩的分离揭示了此次发射的实验性有效载荷，实践十七号，设计用来论证在轨电推动。

China has disclosed little information about Shijian 17, except that it carries an electric thruster test package, a type of propulsion system that could give the spacecraft great maneuverability to efficiently adjust its orbit and move around the geostationary belt, home to most of the world’s communications satellites.

中国早前公开了关于实践17号的些许信息，早先没说的有：它携带了一个电推进器测试包，这型推进器是航天器有了极高的可操作性来高效地调整他的轨道，在地球静止轨道——世界上大多数通信卫星所在轨道——上移动。

Thursday’s successful launch will clear the way for China to send a robot to the moon next year on top of another Long March 5 rocket to retrieve and return samples from the lunar surface. The Chang’e 5 mission is the next step in China’s lunar program, which has so far dispatched two orbiters and a rover to the moon.

周四的成功发射将为中国明年用另一个长征五号火箭发射机器人到月球表面取样扫清道路。嫦娥五号是中国下一步的月球计划，目前已经派出了两个轨道器和一个探测器到月球。

Two Chinese astronauts are currently in orbit practicing procedures and testing technologies for the space station. The crew is living aboard the Tiangong 2 space lab, a precursor to the station outpost, for about a month.

两名中国航天员现在在轨道上测试太空站的相关技术。他们在为建设太空站探路的天宫二号空间实验室上生活大概一个月。

China’s first Mars rover set for launch to the red planet in 2020 will also need the Long March 5’s heavy-lift capability.

中国2020年首个发射到火星这个红色星球的探测器同样需要长征五号的运载能力。

The new rockets eliminate the use of toxic propellants like hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide needed by China’s Long March 2, 3 and 4-series, replacing them with more environmentally-friendly kerosene and hydrogen.

该新型火箭摒弃了有毒推进剂的使用，代之以更加环保的煤油和氢。



The YF-100 engine flown on the Long March 5’s strap-on boosters is a more powerful model of Russia’s RD-120 rocket engine, and it consumes a mixture of rocket-grade kerosene and liquid oxygen. The YF-100 engine can produce up to 270,000 pounds of thrust at sea level.

长征五号助推器上的Yf100引擎是一个俄罗斯RD-120火箭引擎的更为强大仿制品。它使用的是液氧煤油。YF100可以在海平面上产生27万磅的推力。

China acquired several RD-120 engines from Russia in the 1990s, and the YF-100 engine operates with oxygen-rich staged combustion, a closed propulsion cycle that minimizes propellant waste, resulting in a more efficient, but more complex, propulsion system. Most experts acknowledge Russia is the world leader in such propulsion technology.

中国于上世纪90年代从俄罗斯获得了几台RD120引擎，YF100引擎使用富氧分级燃烧——一个封闭的循环系统——可以最大限度地减少浪费，更加高效，但更加复杂的推进系统。大多数专家承认俄罗斯是该推进技术的世界领导者。


Donald Franck
When NASA Administrator Griffin, was selling the Constellation program to congress, up on capital hill. He said how once China had the U.S. capabiltiy to match our Delta IV heavy they could and would goto the moon. He said his team and himself had "crunched the numbers" and they would only need four flights to assemble and goto the moon. THAT was why the U.S. had to buiild TWO NEW rockets. 
Not a single congressional member asked the obvious question. Why don't we just use the rockets we have and beat them there...
Like · Reply · 2 · 9 hrs

当NASA局长格里芬在国会山上向国会兜售星座计划的时候，他描绘了一旦中国拥有了向美国一样发射德尔塔 IV 型重型运载火箭的能力，他们将能而且会登陆月球。他说他和他的团队反复计算数据，他们只需要四次发射收集数据，而后就登陆月球。这就是为什么美国必须建造两个新火箭。
不止一位国会议员问到这个明显的问题，为什么我们不就用我们现有的火箭打败他们，，，

——Gaetano Marano
——it was my same opinion ghostnasa.com/posts/049chinamoonrace.html since five LM5 are sufficient to launch nearly the same mass of a Saturn V and with a dozen of LM5 they can (also) quickly build a lunar space station and a lunar outpost to support several much-longer-than-Apollo lunar missions
——Like · Reply · 1 · 8 hrs
——我也有相同的意见，这是链接xxxxxx，因为五个长征五号就能运载相当于土星五号的运载量，有一打长征五他们（也）能建设一个月球站和一个月球基地来支持一些比阿波罗时间长得多的月球使命。

——David Teer · Founding Member at New Song Fellowship
——we have already beat them to the moon
——Like · Reply · 4 · 8 hrs

——我们早就在月球方面打败他们了。

——Robert Jones · Rutgers University
——Congress wanted the SLS. It's the old bigger is better myth. Dating from sputnik, "If we're bigger we're better." Trade studies suggest for a manned Mars mission something a tad larger than Proton is most economical. (Exact size depends upon the scale of the Mars mission too.) You need many launchs to gain economy. www.robert-w-jones.com
Like · Reply · 6 hrs

——国会想要SLS火箭。这就是旧有的更大就是更好神话，从人造卫星时代就开始了，“如果我们更大我们就更好”。行业研究建议载人火星任务比质子卫星大一点就是最经济的（确切的尺寸也取决于火星任务的规模）。你需要多次发射获取经济性。

——John Kissinger · Kingsland, Georgia
——But they may be the first to go back and go to stay there.

——Like · Reply · 2 hrs
——但是他们可能是第一个返回和留在那里的。

——Scott Ferrin
——David Teer The idea is to go and STAY.
——Like · Reply · 2 hrs

——问题的关键在于到那儿并停留。

——Chris Conlon
——Scott Ferrin The mass needed for permanent habitation of the moon would be very expensive to deliver via Delta IV Heavy.
——Like · Reply · 26 mins

——通过德尔塔 IV 重型运载火箭运送支撑永久居留月球的物资将是非常昂贵的。

Mayra Xalia · Works at Iatriko Kentro Athinon - Ιατρικό Κέντρο Αθηνών
Congratulations to China for the maiden launch of CZ-5! This is an extremely big milestone for the Chinese space program, I was glad that - almost - everything went swimmingly. I look forward to seeing this monster lift humanity s next space station in the following years!

祝贺中国首次发射长五！这是中国航天事业的重要里程碑，我对这一切都进行得很顺利感到高兴。我盼望这个怪物将人类在接下来的几年里送到下一个空间站。

Randy Stewart · Western Oklahoma State College
Long March 5 is one sweet powerhouse. Congrats to all the Chinese engineers who worked on this. Great job!

长征五是一个让人愉快的强大动力。祝贺所有为此努力的中国工程师。干得好！

Michael Collins · London, United Kingdom
Nice one!

好！

Adam Williams
It has enough fuel for a Mars injection. Matt Damon doesn't have to die

它有足够的燃料进入火星轨道。Matt Damon不必死了。｛Matt Damon，电影《火星救援》的主演｝

NaeemAkhtar Siddiqi ·
Well-done, Scientists&Engineers! Congratulations.

干得好，科学家和工程师们！祝贺。

Nikolay Bulatov
This launch teaches us how difficult is to design and launch even 25 ton heavy booster. How can a newcomer Musk hope to skip a few technological generations with his Falcon Heavy which is nothing more than just an upgraded Falcon 9?
Like · Reply · 8 hrs

此次发射告诉我们设计和发射一个25吨中的一级火箭有多难。作为新来者的马斯克希望用他的猎鹰9跳过一些技术迭代，就仅凭升级后的猎鹰9？

Robert Grutza · Customs officer at US Federal government
Without video, I am skeptical.

没有视频，我持怀疑态度。

Stephen H Garrity · Works at No One's Business
What's odd, like the Angara 5's maiden flight, is it's a night time launch. You would think they'd want a launch in daylight, clear skies, to have a visual record to compliment telemetry should there be an anomaly.

有些奇怪，就像安加拉5的首次飞行，这是夜间发射。你会想他们希望在白天发射，有晴朗的天空，可以视觉记录来致敬遥测，其中必有蹊跷。

——Nikolay Bulatov
——The importance of the visual data is overestimated. Until recently Russians never used onboard cameras. Telemetry is the crucial source of information.
——视觉数据的重要性被高估了。直到最近俄罗斯人也从来没用过机载相机。遥测才是关键的信息来源。

Frank Schmidt · San Francisco, California
China will put thier Taconaunts on the Moon and plant its flags there just like the U.S. did every place thier Astronauts landed. The U.S. is going to Mars to again put the its flags there. 
Will other countries honor future claims of ownership?

中国将会把他们的航天员送上月球，在每一个他们航天员降落的地方插上他们的旗子，就像美国那样。美国将会登陆火星并再次把旗子插在那儿。
其他国家会尊重未来的所有权声明吗？

——Nikolay Bulatov
——Chinese are not ashamed that they couldn’t be the first nation on the Moon? According to the contemporary space history Russians were so ashamed that until now they couldn’t recover from that embracement and had to dump their entire manned moon program

——中国人不为不能成为第一个登陆月球的国家感到羞愧吗？根据当代太空史，俄罗斯人非常羞愧以至于直到现在不能恢复过来，不得不放弃了整个载人月球计划。

——Paul Thomas
——Nikolay Bulatov they weren't in the race, the Soviets were.

——他们不和我们竞赛，苏联才是。