埃塞俄比亚已经成为“中国式的非洲” [美国媒体]

Ethiopia Already Is the ‘China of Africa’
——They share fast growth, a strong national history and a sense that the future will be great.

埃塞俄比亚已经成为“中国式的非洲”
——他们分享着快速的增长，强烈的民族历史，以及对未来的伟大憧憬。



Chinese employees of the Addis Ababa / Djibouti train line stand at the Feri train station in Addis Ababa on September 24, 2016. With Chinese conductors at the helm, a fleet of shiny new trains will on October 5, 2016 begin plying a new route from the Ethiopian capital to Djibouti, in a major boost to both economies. The 750 kilometre (460 mile) railway, built by two Chinese companies, will link Addis Ababa to the Red Sea port city of Djibouti in about 10 hours, a far cry from the current excruciating multi-day trip along a congested, pot-holed road. / AFP / Zacharias ABUBEKER (Photo credit should read ZACHARIAS ABUBEKER/AFP/Getty Images)

2016年9月24日，亚的斯亚贝巴/吉布提线的中国员工列队站在亚的斯亚贝巴的费里火车站。2016年10月5日，在中国列车长员的操控下，一批崭新的列车将开起往返于埃塞俄比亚首都和吉布提的新路线，这对两国经济都是一个重大推动。这条750公里（460英里）长的铁路由两家中国公司修建，将亚的斯亚贝巴与红海港口城市吉布提连接起来，路程用时约10小时，这与目前在拥挤的坑坑洼洼的道路上进行的长达数天的痛苦旅程天壤之别。/法新社/ Zacharias ABUBEKER（图片来源应该是Zacharias ABUBEKER/法新社/盖蒂图片社）

Will Ethiopia become “the China of Africa”? The question often comes up in an economic context: Ethiopia’s growth rate is expected to be 8.5 percent this year, topping China’s projected 6.5 percent. Over the past decade, Ethiopia has averaged about 10 percent growth. Behind those flashy numbers, however, is an undervalued common feature: Both countries feel secure about their pasts and have a definite vision for their futures. Both countries believe that they are destined to be great.

埃塞俄比亚会成为“非洲的中国”吗？这个问题经常出现在以下经济背景之下：预计埃塞俄比亚今年的增长率将达到8.5%，超过中国预计的6.5%。在过去的十年里，埃塞俄比亚的平均增长率约为10%。然而，在这些浮华的数字背后，隐藏着一个被低估的共同特征：两国都对它们的过去有安全感，对自己的未来有明确的愿景。两国都相信他们注定是伟大的。

Consider China first. The nation-state, as we know it today, has existed for several thousand years with some form of basic continuity. Most Chinese identify with the historical kingdoms and dynasties they study in school, and the tomb of Confucius in Qufu is a leading tourist attraction. Visitors go there to pay homage to a founder of the China they know.

首先考虑中国。这个民族国家，正如我们今天所知道的那样，已经存在了几千年，并具有某种基本的连续性。大多数中国人都认同他们在学校学习的历史王国和朝代，而曲阜孔子墓是一个主要的旅游景点。游客们去那里是为了向他们所认识的中国（思想）的创始人致敬。

This early history meant China was well-positioned to quickly build a modern and effective nation-state, once the introduction of post-Mao reforms boosted gross domestic product. That led to rapid gains in infrastructure and education, and paved the way for China to become one of the world’s two biggest economies. Along the way, the Chinese held to a strong vision that it deserved to be a great nation once again.

这段早期历史意味着，一旦后186时代的改革推动了国内生产总值(gdp)的增长，中国早已预先具备了迅速建立一个现代化的、有效的民族国家的有利条件。这导致了基础设施和教育的迅速发展，并为中国成为世界上最大的两个经济体之一铺平了道路。一路走来，中国人坚定地认为，中国应该再次成为一个伟大的国家。

My visit to Ethiopia keeps reminding me of this basic picture. Ethiopia also had a relatively mature nation-state quite early, with the Aksumite Kingdom dating from the first century A.D. Subsequent regimes, through medi times and beyond, exercised a fair amount of power. Most important, today’s Ethiopians see their country as a direct extension of these earlier political units. Some influential Ethiopians will claim to trace their lineage all the way to King Solomon of biblical times.

我的埃塞俄比亚之行不断提醒我这张基本的图片。埃塞俄比亚也在很古代的时候就成为了一个相对成熟的民族国家，阿克苏美特王国可以追溯到公元1世纪。后来的政权，经过中世纪乃至更久远的年代，都表现出了相当大的实力。最重要的是，今天的埃塞俄比亚人把他们的国家看作是这些早期政治单位的直接延伸。一些有影响力的埃塞俄比亚人会声称他们的血统可以追溯到圣经时代的所罗门王。

In other words, the process of organized, national-level governance has been underway for a long time. It was this relative strength of Ethiopian governance that allowed the territory to fend off colonialism, a rare achievement. It is also why, when you travel around the country, a lot of the basic cuisine doesn’t change much: Dishes are seen as national and not regional.

换句话说，有组织的、国家级的治理过程已经进行了很长一段时间。正是埃塞俄比亚相对强大的治理能力使该领土得以抵御殖民主义，这是一项罕见的成就。这也是为什么当你在全国旅行时，很多基本的菜品都没有太大的变化：菜品被视为是国家性的，而不是地区性的。

It is thus no surprise that once Ethiopia abandoned its 1970s communist ideology and put some basic reforms into place, its government was able to rise to the occasion. The infrastructure is remarkably good by regional standards, and the Ethiopian government is known for conducting a relatively successful industrial policy. The state-owned Ethiopian Airlines is run as a responsible business, it is becoming a major air power, and standards of service are high.

因此，自从埃塞俄比亚在上世纪70年代放弃了的TG主义意识形态，并实施了一些基本的改革措施，它的政府能够应付自如，也就不足为奇了。以区域标准来看，该国基础设施非常好，而埃塞俄比亚政府以实施相对成功的产业政策而闻名。国有的埃塞俄比亚航空公司是一家负责任的企业，它正在成为（全球）主要的航空公司，服务标准也很高。

The Ethiopians I have interacted with express a remarkable degree of enthusiasm for their country and culture. Maybe that isn’t unusual in a rapidly growing nation, but I’ve been struck by how historically rooted these sentiments have been. Ethiopians are acutely aware of their past successes, including their role in biblical history. Like many Iranians, they think of themselves as a civilization and not just a country. They very self-consciously separate themselves from the broader strands of African history and culture. And, as in China, they hold an ideological belief that their country is destined to be great again.

我接触过的埃塞俄比亚人对他们的国家和文化表现出极大的热情。也许这在一个快速发展的国家并不罕见，但我被这些由来已久的观点的根深蒂固的程度所震惊。埃塞俄比亚人敏锐地意识到他们过去的成功，包括他们在圣经历史中的角色。和许多伊朗人一样，他们认为自己是一个文明，而不仅仅是一个国家。他们非常自觉地将自己与非洲更广泛的历史和文化分开。而且，就像在中国一样，他们在意识形态上相信，他们的国家注定会再次伟大。

China and Ethiopia intersect in yet another way, with the Chinese helping to build the place up. There are new and modern apartment buildings scattered around Addis Ababa, built by the Chinese, a light rail system in Addis that would look nice in any country, impressive dams for hydroelectric power, and a high-speed rail connection to Djibouti and the coast.

然而，中国和埃塞俄比亚以另一种方式相交，中国帮助建立了这个地方。亚的斯亚贝巴到处都是由中国人修建的新式现代化公寓楼，亚的斯亚贝巴的轻轨系统和任何其他国家相比都毫不逊色，还有令人震撼的水电大坝，以及通往吉布提和沿海的高速铁路。

The pride of Ethiopians in their history and freedom from colonialism may help explain why the nation has accepted so much Chinese infrastructure involvement with little evidence of the angst that has plagued some other parts of Africa. The intuitive background assumption in Ethiopia is that foreigners may try to interfere, but the government won’t lose control. There are prominent statues in Addis Ababa celebrating how the Ethiopians drove out both the Italians and the British.

埃塞俄比亚人的历史自豪感和未被殖民的自由，或许有助于解释，为什么埃塞俄比亚接受了如此多的中国基础设施，却几乎没有证据表明，它有过困扰非洲其它地区的（对中国元素大规模涌进的）焦虑。在埃塞俄比亚，人们直觉上的背景假设是，外国人可能会试图干预，但政府不会失去控制力。亚的斯亚贝巴有许多着名的雕像，纪念埃塞俄比亚人如何赶走意大利人和英国人。

Just to be clear, Ethiopia is hardly a finished nation-state. There are festering disputes with Eritrea to the north, a place many Ethiopians strongly feel belongs to them. The southern and more tribal parts of the country are not always well integrated into the major commercial centers ruled by the highlanders, and there are clashes with the Oromia and Somali regions to the east. For those reasons, the national optimisms found in the better developed parts of the country are not found everywhere.

需要澄清的是，埃塞俄比亚并不是一个完整的民族国家。与北部的厄立特里亚存在着日益恶化的争端，许多埃塞俄比亚人强烈认为这是属于他们的地方。南部和该国更多的部落地区并不总是与高地人统治的主要商业中心很好地结合在一起，而且与东部的奥罗米亚和索马里地区也有冲突。出于这些原因，在该国较发达地区发现的民族乐观主义并非随处可见。

That said, if you are looking for a special place in Africa, Ethiopia may be your best bet. But to understand its recent success, you have to go beyond policy — it is also a matter of their history, their confidence and, above all, their ideas.

也就是说，如果你想在非洲寻找一个特别的地方，埃塞俄比亚可能是你最好的选择。但要理解它最近的成功，你必须超越政策——这也是他们的历史、他们的信心，最重要的是，他们的想法。

Ittu Aba Farda May 30, 2018 at 1:47 AM
I had said this on many occasions here and on other websites. If our people are graced with a governance where nobody is above the law and given the opportunity in the basic aspects modernity, they are capable of being innovators of technology. They have shown in their past history that if the opportunity present itself they are very adept and quick to make use of it. I hope and pray that the current improving political atmosphere will continue unabated. I don’t care who does it, That country needs to be turned upside down industrially to wean the people off the archaic agrarian and nomadic way of making a living. Get this: Without industrialization our women will not be liberated. Without the liberation of our women this out of control population growth will remain just as such leading to more conflicts and natural calamities. For me, without the liberation of our women, you just can say goodbye to everything we see now. And industrialization is the only proven way to realize that realization. It has this subtle and fast way of doing that no matter how we chauvinist men try to stop it. I want to see them teaching us men how a country is supposed to be governed.

我在这里和其他网站上说过很多次。如果我们的人民有一个没有人凌驾于法律之上，并且在基本的方面有机会获得现代化的治理，他们就有能力成为技术的革新者。他们在过去的历史中已经表明，如果机会出现，他们会非常熟练和迅速地利用这一点。我希望和祈祷目前改善的政治气氛将继续有增无减。我不在乎是谁干的，那个国家需要产业上彻底改变，以使人们摆脱古老的农业和游牧的生活方式。要明白这一点：没有工业化，我们的妇女将得不到解放。没有我们妇女的解放，这种失控的人口增长将继续下去，从而导致更多的冲突和自然灾难。对我来说，没有我们女性的解放，你就可以对我们现在看到的一切说再见了。而工业化是实现这一目标的唯一有效途径。无论我们沙文主义者怎么努力阻止它，它都有一种微妙而迅速的方式。我想看到他们教我们一个国家应该如何被管理。

ash May 30, 2018 at 4:34 AM
Ethiopia out preform China or any other developing word why because Ethiopia learn from the Chinese mistake ..u should not develop at the cost of ur environment … Ethiopia show we can develop while protecting our environment .. green development is a norm.. zero emission is fashionable….
what Ethiopian need is industrial zone for local … instead of trying to attract outsider we should build industrial zone that answer our local need…there r many startup industry in Ethiopia that need help … but if they get capital, land and place of work they will become the engine of the economy and save us foreign currency by producing locally … not only that we will solve our unemployment problem since we use labor unlike the mega factories…

埃塞俄比亚比中国或其他任何发展中国家都表现得更出色，为什么，因为埃塞俄比亚从中国的错误中吸取了教训。你不应该以牺牲环境为代价来发展。埃塞俄比亚证明了我们能在保护环境的同时发展经济。绿色发展是一种规范……零排放是大趋势……
埃塞俄比亚需要的是地方性的工业园区……而不是试图吸引外国人，我们应该建立工业园区，以回应我们的地方需求……有很多创业行业在埃塞俄比亚需要帮助……但如果他们得到了资本、土地和工作场所，他们就会成为经济引擎，并通过国内自主生产而节省我们的外汇……不仅如此，因为我们使用人工劳动，而不是大型企业的（自动化生产），因此我们还将解决失业问题……

Hope May 30, 2018 at 10:02 AM
Chinese are not missionaries, they are benefiting tremendously from Ethiopias. They are cleaning the air quality in China due to rampant lung cancer, and they are opening factories in Ethiopia, where there is no rule of law and environmental protection!! Mark my words, in a few years, more Ethiopians will be diagnosed with lung cancer — God forbid!!

中国人不是传教士，他们从埃塞俄比亚得到极大的好处。他们正在清洁中国的空气质量，因为肺癌猖獗，他们在埃塞俄比亚开工厂，因为那里没有法治和环境保护！！记住我的话，几年以后，更多的埃塞俄比亚人将被诊断为肺癌——天理不容！！

Sam June 3, 2018 at 12:49 AM
Every nation ho wants To develop have To be able To atract everybody

每个想要发展的国家都必须能够吸引所有人

gragn May 30, 2018 at 11:07 PM
Ethiopians have regarded China as favorable with no major discontent that I have heard of. Only that they barred muslims from praying and that their pay is no good not quite but they work on you until you sweat. i am not sure about labor laws. Ethiopians emphasize self reliance so I am hoping we will take over the running of rail way system quickly. My brother a Mechanical Engineer and later transformed into a rail way Engineer was promised jobs before he graduated and the rail way was in its final finish up works stage so we were excited to see him be one among the firsts to enter the new transportation tech in Ethiopia. This promise has since vanished but he is now owning a big store the family tradition. I heard Chinese will take charge of the facility until Ethiopians get the right training to do the job. I have no clue what it will be like in 5 years and I am not sure if we are training enough technicians to be able absorb the Chinese expertise and know how. We need to learn fast and well.
We need a strong work ethic and no nonsense approach if we want to achieve our dreams of tech hub.

埃塞俄比亚人认为中国是好的，我没有听说过针对中国的强烈不满。只是他们禁止穆斯林祈祷，他们的薪水也不怎么好，但他们一直为你工作到流汗。我不太清楚劳动法。埃塞俄比亚人强调自力更生，所以我希望我们能尽快接管铁路系统的运行。我哥哥是一个机械工程师，后来变成了一个在毕业之前就承诺包分配的铁路工程师，当时这条铁路处在工程收尾阶段，因此，我们本来很高兴看到他成为进入埃塞俄比亚新运输技术领域的首批人员。后来，这个承诺作废了，他现在拥有一家大商店，这是家族的传统。我听说在埃塞俄比亚人接受正确的培训之前，中国人将负责这个设施。我不知道5年后会是什么样子，我也不确定我们是否培训了足够的技术人员来吸收中国的专业知识并知道如何去做。我们要学得又快又好。
如果我们想实现我们对科技中心的梦想，我们需要一种强烈的职业道德，并且不能瞎折腾。

gragn May 30, 2018 at 11:09 PM
of being a tech hub..

“成为科技中心”……

SAHEL L. May 31, 2018 at 5:00 AM
The ability and skills of Ethiopians proved in so many areas of science and techonology. Take for instance the Ethiopian airlines aeronautic school, the flight school where many african, middle east countries’ students have beeen enrolling, the airforce flight school etc. Indeed, all these schools were to meet international standered before tplf assume power but today.
It’s normal to have foreign specialsits in any area, but the question is, why tplf bring unqualifed Chines while in Ethiopia such sort of people are more than enough?

埃塞俄比亚人的能力和技能在许多科学和技术领域得到了证明。举个例子，埃塞俄比亚航空学校——许多非洲、中东国家的学生都参进修过的飞行学校，空军飞行学校等等。事实上，所有这些学校在提格雷人民解放阵线掌权之前就已经将目标定在达到国际标准，但拖到了今天。
在任何地区都有外国专家是很正常的，但问题是，为什么提人阵会带来低质量的中国人，而在埃塞俄比亚，这样的人已经足够了？ 

KoolKarl May 31, 2018 at 6:52 PM
Its nice that China is helping Ethiopia to progress, but at what cost? China requires the Ethiopian goverment to employ their people on the major projects that have taken place in Ethiopia and they try to keep the technology under their control. That’s BS when you consider all the intelligent young people who are unemployed in Ethiopia and are just as capable as any China engineer. Also, they’re taking a toll on Ethiopia’s enviroment as a result of no regulations.

中国帮助埃塞俄比亚取得进步是好事，但代价是什么呢？中国要求埃塞俄比亚政府在埃塞俄比亚进行的重大项目上雇用本国人员，并设法控制技术。当你考虑到在埃塞俄比亚失业的所有聪明的年轻人，和任何中国工程师一样能干时，这就是cao蛋的政策。此外，由于没有相关规定，他们正在破坏埃塞俄比亚的环境。

girma paulos June 7, 2018 at 4:26 AM
Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Oromia State President Lema Magarsa with other courageous Ethiopians like the honorable Ato Demeke Mekonen and the honorable Ato Shiferaw Shigute have lighted a small candle in deep darkness, and there are many already trying to put it out. I am referring here to Western reporters that never believe, anything good can come out of Africa, they have all arrogated particularly Ethiopia to civil war or famine at their headlines, and they cannot bring themselves to write anything positive. Africa is even given a nick name by a president of one of the most powerful and richest nations, a name never heard off before, even when it was under colonial rule.
Particularly, Ethiopia is an enigma, to white Europeans and their decedents. They have never colonized it or ruled it; it is a country that was inspiration to other oppressed countries search for freedom. Hence, Ethiopia cuts the white supremacy to its natural size; therefore what they cannot defeat by military force they have to destroy by pen, and give it an image that African’s cannot be proud off. It should be noted that it was BBC’s Jonathan Dimbleby who plastered on TV screen around the World , Ethiopia as a nation of draught and poverty, and off course in so doing made “Ethiopia an embarrassment to Africa” lately according to a Nigerian English writer. Paving away for a communist take over and over throw of the Emperor.
On the face of it, one can say he was reporter and reported what he saw and nothing is wrong with that. I agree, but his reporting was over kill to destroy the image of a nation as if everyone in the nation was destitute. In fact, the problem of hunger was exasperated because of lack of adequate transportation to take food to the area that was starving and less about shortage of food and some religious Taboos that Ethiopians in that particular area do not eat anything and everything like some other people. Partly, because of misinformation, we ended up fighting hunger, national image, communism, and even Somalia all at the same time. It is a miracle that it survived as a nation intact, save the loss of Eritrean province.
My point is, now that Ethiopia is digging out itself from centuries of isolation and backwardness with ethnic reconciliation and progress with Chinese help. All the Western reporters and their surrogates have to do is, belittle and second guess the strides the Ethiopian people and the government are making. They well know that, Rome was not built in a day, and then why not give Ethiopia the benefit of the doubt to solve its political, economic and other belligerent problems. Yellow journalism should cease when it comes to reporting on Africa, and in particular Ethiopia. The best that the West can do for Africa and Ethiopia is, encouragement and redirection of civil societies development and middle class expansion to sustain capitalism, democracy and rule of law, which benefits all participants of good will, including Western countries.
Good governance could lead to peace and economic prosperity. The days of personality cult of Eastern or Western puppets is over, the people are determined to address their God given destiny much like European and American nations. Rather than nitpicking and looking for the holes in the endeavors that Ethiopian government is making, we adjure you to use your skills and journalism as historic contributions to educate and inform Ethiopia and the rest of Africa objectively. Stop the covert continuations of ancient campaign that, “Carthage must be destroyed,” Remember, Carthage happens to be in Africa and Cato a Roman.
sincerely
girma paulos

总理阿比•艾哈迈德和奥罗米亚州总统曼加萨以及其他勇敢的埃塞俄比亚人，如尊贵的迪米特里克•梅科宁和尊贵的阿托•希弗罗•西古特：
    在黑暗中点燃了一支小蜡烛，许多人已经在试图熄灭它。我所指的是西方记者，他们从不相信任何对非洲有利的事情，他们都毫无道理地将“内战”和“饥荒”等字眼放在他们的新闻标题里，尤其是关于埃塞俄比亚的新闻，他们不能让自己写什么关于非洲的积极的新闻。非洲甚至被一个最强大、最富有的国家的总统给了一个绰号，这个名字以前从未听说过，即使是在殖民统治时期。（译注：特朗普“屎坑”论）
    特别是，对欧洲白人和他们的祖先来说，埃塞俄比亚是一个谜。他们从未殖民或统治过它；这是一个鼓舞其他被压迫国家寻求自由的国度。因此，埃塞俄比亚将白人霸权削减到应有规模；因此他们无法通过军事力量打败它，因此他们必须用笔来摧毁它，并给它描绘出一个非洲无法为之骄傲的形象。应该记住，正是BBC的乔纳森•丁布尔比，在世界各地的电视屏幕上大肆宣传：埃塞俄比亚是一个缺水和贫困的国家，这么做当然就造成了“埃塞俄比亚是非洲的尴尬”这一形象。最近根据一位尼日利亚英语作家，说埃塞俄比亚在为TG主义的统治而铺路，接管皇帝。

    从表面上看，人们可以说他是记者，报道了他所看到的一切，但这并没有错。我同意，但他的报道完全是为了破坏一个国家的形象，就好像这个国家的所有人都很贫困。事实上，饥饿问题恶化是因为缺乏足够的交通工具把食物送到饥饿的地区，而食物短缺以及在一些有宗教禁忌的地区，埃塞俄比亚人不像其他人一样吃某些东西都是次要原因。在某些方面，因为错误的信息，我们同时停止了为解决饥饿、国家形象、TG主义，甚至是索马里而奋斗。埃塞俄比亚能作为一个完整的国家幸存下来，挽救了厄立特里亚省的损失，这是一个奇迹。
    我的观点是，现在埃塞俄比亚正在摆脱几个世纪以来的孤立和落后，在中国的帮助下实现民族和解和进步。西方记者和他们的代理人所要做的就是，对埃塞俄比亚人民和政府正在取得的进展进行贬低和猜测。他们很清楚，罗马不是一天建成的，那么为什么不给予埃塞俄比亚解决其政治、经济和其他好战问题的好处呢？当报道非洲，特别是埃塞俄比亚时，黄色新闻应该叫停。西方国家为非洲和埃塞俄比亚所能做的最好的事情就是鼓励和重新引导公民社会发展和中产阶级的扩张，以维持资本主义、民主和法治，这些都有利于所有善意的参与者，包括西方国家。

    良好的治理可以带来和平和经济繁荣。对东方或西方傀儡的个人崇拜时代已经结束，人们决心像欧美国家一样，把命运赋予他们的上帝。我们要求你们将自己的技能和新闻作为客观地教育和告知埃塞俄比亚和非洲其他地区的历史贡献，而不是挑剔和寻找埃塞俄比亚政府所做的努力中的漏洞。停止古代战役的秘密延续，"迦太基必须被摧毁"，记住，迦太基碰巧在非洲，卡托是罗马人。
此致敬礼
吉尔•马保罗