汉语是歧视女性的吗？ [美国媒体]

-------------译者：s555555555-审核者：基因编辑------------



Is the Chinese language misogynistic?

中文有歧视女性吗？


-------------译者：走地鸡炖蘑菇-审核者：酒醉的动机------------

Kayee Tong Managing Partner at Cryptoexchange Inc
Written Jan 18
This is a definite no in substance.

事实上完全不是这样的。

If you apply such a broad term as misogyny in form the same can be said of almost all language culture or religion that has any sort of preconceived notions of the women gender and Chinese does not seem to be more than other languages that have strong masculine or feminine adjectives such as French or Spanish.

如果你要那么宽泛的说女性歧视的话，几乎所有的语言文化或者宗教信仰都是女性歧视，只要它们有任何先入为主的提到女性性别。比起法语或者西班牙语，汉语并没有更多强烈的阳性（男性）或者阴性（女性）的形容词。

In fact I would say it is “less misogynistic” if you use it broadly to paint everyone misogynistic as there has been matriarchal periods of time in early China. There used to be clans based on maternal surname and are reflected in an array of characters.

如果你要用它来把每一个人都描绘成女性歧视者的话，我要说中文其实是最没有女性歧视的语言，因为中国早期是母系氏族社会。过去常有随母亲的宗族姓氏，这也体现在字形的组合上面。

The average man was generally the primary breadwinner slaving away on hard farm labor constantly drafted for wars because of obvious male physical strength advantages while women were generally caretakers of children and the household. It’s not like men can biologically substitute the mother’s milk. You can’t deny the division of labor was suitable for those times before technological progress reduced the need for labor and Western culture altered societal views. These social conventions allowed China to survive.

由于男性的身体力量的优势，通常男人都是在田里干苦力来养家糊口，并且经常被征用来打仗，而女人通常是照顾小孩和家庭。男人不可能替代母亲来哺乳。你不能否认劳动的分工在技术的进步之前是合理的，只不过西方文化改变了社会的看法。这些社会传统让中国得以生存。

Imagine if the roles were reversed: there wouldn’t be a China surviving in existence today. The Huns would have easily taken over and killed us all. You don’t see women ever doing better on basic military functions as a whole and the US and other militaries has much much lower standards for women even today in a “relatively equal” world.

如果角色颠倒过来：中国今天就不复存在了。匈奴人可以轻易地打败我们并且把我们全部杀死。你不会看到女性在基本的军事功能上总体做得更好，美国和其他军队都对女性有更低的要求标准，尽管今天是在一个“相对平等”的世界。

 -------------译者：基因编辑-审核者：基因编辑------------

Paul Denlinger Have been speaking reading writing Chinese since 1958（来自一位长期接触中文的老大爷）
Written Jan 15
You are imposing your views in a ridiculous manner.

你这是强行说成歧视好伐。

In French if there are 99 women and just one man the group is referred to as “ils” which is the masculine instead of “elles” (feminine) even though there is a large majority of women. This is based on linguistic and social convention.

在法语中，有99个女人和一个男人在一起的话，人们会用“他们”而不是“她们”，这只是一种习惯而已。

If you feel strongly about this and you feel that current practice is wrong here is what you can do:

如果你觉得现在的做法不好，你可以这么做：

Write a Chinese grammar where you offer your rules;
Write a Chinese dictionary where you offer your rules;
Convince Chinese to use your grammar and dictionary (this is the really hard part; chances are they will laugh at you).

用你规定的汉语语法书写；随便还要出版一本你规定的汉语词典；当然你还要劝中国人用啦（这条最难，你就等着别人笑你吧）。

-------------译者：Anunnaki-审核者：基因编辑------------

Meng Feifei lives in China
Written Jan 15

孟菲菲 住在中国
写于 1月15号

As most of our history is dominated by male it must have some impact on our language. We can easily find characters with a 女 (female) prefix carry negative meanings like 奸 (adultery) and 嫉妒 (jealousy).

由于我们的历史大多的是由男性主导，这一定对我们的语言有一些影响。我们可以很容易地发现带有女字前缀的字带有负面消极的含义就像奸和嫉妒。

This trait is also shared by other languages as most of human history is also dominated by male. For example when I am not sure of the gender of a French noun I would guess masculine if it carries a positive connotation and feminine if it carries a negative one. In most cases it turns out to be right.

这个特点也被其他语言所共享，如同大多数人类历史也是由男性主导的。例如当我不确定法国名词的性别，我会猜测如果它带有积极意义的话是男性（阳性），如果它带有消极意义的话是女性（阴性）。在大多数情况下，这会是正确的。

If you are an European or African learning an Eastern Asian language I regret to tell you our languages carry as much original sins as your mother tongue.
   
如果你是一个学习东部亚洲语言的欧洲人或者非洲人，我很遗憾的告诉你我们的语言带有和你的母语一样多的原罪。

-------------译者：南山有樛木-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Anonymous
Written Jan 15
Seriously? Modern Chinese is probably the least sexist language in the world compared to most if not all European languages. It does not have grammatical gender anywhere almost all nouns can be used for either gender no gender-based honorifics (but aged-based) and possesses only one third-person pronoun in the spoken language.

是认真的？与大部分（即使不是全部）欧洲语相比，汉语恐怕是最不具性别歧视的了。在汉语口语中，没有语法性别，几乎所有的名词都可以用来形容男性和女性，没有以性别为基础的敬语，而是以年龄为基础，而且只有一个第三人称代词。

The writing system is another thing of its own it’s not the same as the spoken language and there are indeed few characters that used the radicals to categorize things based on gender perception but few in number. By the way you’re misreading the characters. Neither the etymology nor structure has anything to do with 男 and 女.

    书写体系就是另一码事了，它与口语不同。确实有一些汉字根据性别观念用部首偏旁来分类事物，可是数量很少。词源和结构与“男”“女”没有任何关系。

-------------译者：走地鸡炖蘑菇-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

桜 ying1 = 木 wood radical; anything related to plants + the simplified form of 婴 ying1; the phonetic part

桜 ying1 = 木 木字旁; 和植物相关的 + 婴（简） ying1; 表音

勇 yong3 = 甬 yong3; the phonetic part + 力 radical for power and strength

勇 yong3 = 甬 yong3; 表音 + 力 表示力量、力气的部首

Originally “strong/buffed/unfearing” → “confident” → “determined” → “warriors with no fear.”

本意 “强大/壮实/无惧” → “自信” → “决绝，坚定” → “无畏的”

嫌 xian2 =女 woman; radical + 兼 jian; the phonetic part

嫌 xian2 =女 妇女，偏旁 + 兼 jian; 表音

Originally (v) “a husband dissatisfied with his wife” → #1 “dissatisfaction in general” #2 (adj) “doubtful/guess/allegedly.”
The Japanese took the second meaning and used it for kirai or “dislike” (in the general sense).

本意“丈夫不满妻子”→ #1 “常用的不满” #2 (adj) “可疑的/猜测/据说”  日语取了讨厌，不喜的意思

娯 yu2 = 女 woman; radical + 呉 wu2; the phonetic part

娯 yu2 = 女 妇女; 偏旁 + 呉 wu2; 表音部分

Originally (n/v) “women dancing and playing instruments” → (v) “to play a game/look for entertainment.”
Modern Japanese only seem to use the second meaning.

本意“妇女跳舞和奏乐” →（v）“玩游戏/找乐子”
现代日语貌似选取了第二个意思

好 hao3 = 女 women/daughter; meaning component + 子 men/son; meaning component

好 hao3 = 女 妇女/女儿; 表意 + 子 男人/儿子; 表意

Originally “men and women seeking favor of the opposite gender” → hao4 (v) “to like to treasure to value” → hao3 (adj) “beautiful attractive cute handsome” → hao3 (adj) “a satisfying feeling” → hao3 (adv) “very/much” → “easy to [laugh/listen/etc].”

本意“男女寻欢”→ hao4 (v) “喜欢，珍惜，看重” → hao3 (adj) “漂亮，迷人，可爱，帅气” → hao3 (adj) “满足感” → hao3 (adv) “很/多” → “好笑/悦耳.”

奸 jian1 = 女 woman radical; meaning component + 干 gan1; meaning and sound not to be confused with 干 gan4 or 乾 gan1

奸 jian1 = 女 女字旁 + 干 gan1; 音和意不要和干 gan4 or 乾 gan1混淆。

Originally (v) “the act of sexually violating and rapping of women by the invaders” → (n) “adultery/rape/illegal sexual activities” → combined with 姦 thru simplification

本意“性侵行为，妇女被强暴” →(n)“奸情/强暴/非法性行为” →同“姦”

姦 jian1 = 女 + 女 + 女 three meaning parts

姦 jian1 = 女 + 女 + 女 三个表意

Originally (v) “for a male to have sex with multiple women” → (n) “a man participating an orgy” → (adj) “immoral/improper” → (n) “wrong/evil/without moral values” → (adv) “evilly or sinisterly [doing something]”

本意 (v) “一男多飞” → (n) “参与淫乱的人” → (adj) “不道德的，不适宜的” → (n) “错误/邪恶/丧德” → (adv) “邪恶、不吉地所谋事”

安 an1 = 宀 house [not a roof]; meaning part + 女 a woman; meaning part

安 an1 = 宀 房子，非屋顶，表意 + 女妇女，表意

Originally (v) “to build your home and marry a wife” → #1 (v) “to take residence in one place” → (p) “how/where” e.g. 安能; #2 (v) “to stabilize/settle down” → (adj) “quiet/stable/peaceful” [→ (adj) “safe/secure” borrowed from the Japanese] → (adv) “quietly/slowly/gradually”

本意 (v) “建房娶妻” → #1 (v) “在一个地方住下来” → (p) “怎么/哪里” e.g. 安能; #2 (v) “稳定下来，定居” → (adj) “安静/稳定/平和” [→ (adj) “安全/保护”
被日语借用 → (adv) “安静的/缓慢的/逐渐的”

妻 qi1 = 又 original meaning (n) “a hand” or (v) “to take” + 每 original meaning “a woman who gives birth”

妻 qi1 = 又 本意 (n) “一只手” or (v) “拿取” + 每，本意 “能生小孩的妇女”

Originally (v) “to kidnap a bride” (this used to be a common practice in some Neolithic cultures of China. The tradition has connection with the Altaic people (Mongolic/Turkic/Tungusic) and still exists in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan to an extent) → (v) “to marry/to become a family with/to ask for marriage” → (n) “the husband’s spouse/a wife”

本意 (v) “抢一个新娘” (在新石器时代的中国，这是是一种普遍的行为. 阿尔泰语系的民族(蒙古人/突厥人/通古斯人)都有这一传统，这一传统现在仍存在于一些吉尔吉斯斯坦和哈萨克斯坦的地方) → (v) “娶/与。。。联姻/求婚” → (n) “丈夫的配偶/妻子”

I recommend getting an etymology dictionary so you can look up their origins. One thing that amazes a lot of people is how much record the Chinese have kept over the three millennium.

我建议找一本词源词典，这样你就知道它们的起源了。一件让很多人都惊讶的事情是三千年来中国到底有多少文献记载。

Some notes for ye.

只是做了一点小小的工作

 -------------译者：brant-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

*Keep in mind the shapes of Chinese characters have radically changed several times since their creation. The meaning of the words also changed expanded and disappeared over the course of history.

要知道经过不断的创新，汉字的字形已经从根本上改造过几次。在进化的历程中，词汇的原始意义也不断改变延伸或者消失了。
 
**The Classical Chinese language as in the spoken and written language (not the writing system) is also different because it used a complex system of honorifics based on your age profession economic class social class family role social status and degree of education. See Chinese honorifics for the list of honorific titles.

基于一个由于个人年龄、职业、经济、社会阶层、家庭角色，社会地位以及教育水平的不同形成的复杂尊称系统，经典的汉语在口语和书面语中也有所不同（非拼写体系）。参见汉语敬语标题清单中的例子。
 
***Don’t forget Chinese characters began in Neolithic China when China was a matriarchy. This is why the ancient surnames all had a woman radical (姜姬姚嬴姒妘妫妊) to signify the maternal clan.

不要忘记汉字起始于新石器时代，当时中国正处在母系社会。这也是为体现当时母系氏族特点，许多古姓氏中都含有“女”字旁部首的原因（姜姬姚嬴姒妘妫妊）。

 -------------译者：cccoom1993-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Gentrian Song Native Chinese speaker lover of all kinds of knowledge.
Written Jan 15
It’s a sexy language but by no means sexist. Learn it and learn it well you won’t be disappointed.

这是一门性感劲爆的语言，但她绝对没有性别歧视的含义在里面。如果你学了它并学得很好，那么我保证你是不会失望的。

Stan Zhang fire engineering Chongqing
Written Feb 2
Of course no.For example好 is means good.This word can be divided into two part.the left one is 女that means women.the right one is 子that means you. so 好 means when you with your wife or girlfriendthe life can be goodcan be complet .

当然不是，例如好这个字是good的意思，同时这个字可以分为两部分，左边是女，意思是women，右边是子意味着men。所以这样来看，好的意思就是指你的妻子或女朋友和你可以获得幸福美满的生活。