古代中国疯狂而又聪明的作战方式 [美国媒体]

-------------译者：s555555555-审核者：babybaober------------

The Chinese made war into an art form. Thousands of years ago they wrote strategy guides that are still referenced today. They were incredibly inventive and brought the art of deception into warfare in ways that other countries would never have imagined.

中国人把战争变为了艺术。他们几千年前写下的兵法直到今天仍旧适用。他们有着惊人的创造性，用其他国家永远也想不到的手法将欺骗的艺术融入到战争之中。

Chinese battle tactics were inventive bizarre and often downright brilliant. Their military history is full of some of the strangest ideas you’ll ever hear—and ideas you won’t believe really worked.

中国兵法天马行空又精彩绝伦。其战争史上充满了一些你从未听说过更不会相信能起作用的战术。

-------------译者：bluebit-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------
 
10、The Dancing Girls

舞女（注：又名健舞）



Photo credit: FA2010
In 623 when he saw the Tuyuhun hordes storming down the hills to raid the Tang Empire General Chai Shao knew he was in trouble. He was outnumbered overpowered and had the weaker ground. In a fair fight he knew he wouldn’t have much of a chance—and so he didn’t fight fair.

公元623年，当柴绍将军发现吐谷浑率部族下山奔袭唐王军队，他就已知道麻烦来了。他兵力薄弱，因而败走，进入守势。他深知在这一场遭遇战中，他机会不多，所以没有正面决战。

Instead of sending soldiers to meet the invading army he sent out two beautiful women and a few pipa players. They walked onto the battlefield in front of the invading army and started doing a sexy dance.

他没有把士兵送入虎口，相反，他却送出两名美女和一些琵琶乐手。并在两军阵前，让这些美女、乐手翩翩起舞，秀起诱人的舞姿。

The Tuyuhun were confused—and probably a little lonely. They stopped charging and watched the girls dance trying to figure what in the hell was going on and where in the world the Tang army had gone.

（当时）这位吐谷浑困惑了——或是可能感到有点寂寞了，他们停止冲锋，一齐看着这些翩翩起舞的女孩，正当他们试图弄清到底是怎么回事时，唐军溜走了。

Meanwhile that army was marching around the hill. With the Tuyuhun distracted the Tang army charged the Tuyuhun from behind and crushed them. A horde that had been raiding the country for years was finally defeated—because of two girls doing an erotic dance.

此时，山上的那支部队仍继续行进着。正值吐谷浑分心之际。这支唐朝军队绕到敌后击垮了吐谷浑。一个曾与整个国家对抗的部族最终因女色而被毁灭。

-------------译者：林一凡-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------
 
9、The Yue Suicide Squad

9.越军敢死队



Photo credit: cultural-china.com
Nearly as soon as he took the throne in 496 BC King Goujian of Yue had to deal with an invading army. He didn’t have much experience in leading a country or an army yet. He knew that fear and the element of surprise were important so he tried them out—by having his men do the absolute last thing anyone would expect.

公元前496年，越王勾践刚即位就不得不应对一只入侵的军队。越王在治理国家，带领军队上还缺乏经验。但是他知道恐惧和出奇制胜很重要。所以他就付诸了实践，他带领军队做了任何人都想不到的事情。

Before the battle Goujian organized the most literal suicide squad in military history and put them on his front lines. He marched his men out onto the battlefields and had them stare the enemy in the eye. Then his front line slowlyslit their own throats.

战前，勾践组织了战争史上最壮烈的敢死队，列至阵前。他拍这些敢死队步至敌阵前，怒目而视，然后前列队伍一个个自刎身亡。

The invading army didn’t know what to make of this except that it was freaky as hell to watch men cut their own throats while they hate-stare you down.
The rest of Goujian’s army charged into battle. The enemy army now convinced that they were fighting complete sociopaths was scared out of their wits. Their formations broke and their lines fell—and Goujian won his victory.

当他们仇视的注视着你，然后自刎的时候，简直如地狱，所以敌军不知所措。勾践其余军队愤怒的投入战斗，敌军意识到他们在和一群精神变态的反社会者战斗，吓得六神无主。阵型被破，队列倒了。勾践赢得了胜利。

-------------译者：babybaober-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

  8、The Burning Cattle Charge

火牛阵



Photo credit: npm.gov.tw

图片来源：npm.gov.tw

The city of Chi-mo had been under siege for five years before T’ien Tan was given charge of their army in 279 BC. Outnumbered they were surrounded by 100000 men against their 7000—at least by some likely exaggerated accounts. But the Chi-mo army had managed to hold their ground.
Then T’ien Tan fought the enemy army off—with cattle. He herded together 1000 oxen covered them with red cloth and tied blades to their horns. The Chi-mo men soaked reeds in fat and tied them to the oxen’s tails. Then in the middle of the night they set the reeds on fire and let the oxen go.
Inside the city walls old men and boys started pounding the drums as loudly as they could. The enemy army woke up—and saw 1000 flaming cattle charging toward them.

公元前279年田单接手军队前，即墨城已经整整被围困五年了，仅7000人被10万大军围困显然是寡不敌众，尽管有点夸张。但是田单用牛解决了击败了敌军，他召集1000头公牛，将红布披在公牛上并在牛角上绑上刀片，然后用浸了油脂的芦苇绑在牛尾巴上，然后在午夜的时候点燃牛尾驱赶他们冲向敌阵。城内老人和孩子则竭尽所能大喊大叫，当敌军反应过来的时候，火牛大军冲向了他们。

Over the sounds of the drums and the cattle they didn’t hear the soldiers of Chi-mo sneaking into position all around them. The Chi-mo army pounced. Overwhelmed by the stampede and the soldiers the enemy army fled.

在数以千计的战鼓和公牛的响声中，敌军找不到即墨士兵的方位。即墨士兵猛扑过去，在军队和公牛的攻击下，敌军溃逃。

-------------译者：林一凡-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

7、The Jealous Wife

7.嫉妒的妻子



The Xiongnu army had crushed the Han Empire in every battle. In 199 BC the Han emperor retreated to the city of Pingcheng but the Xiongnu pursued him. The city walls were surrounded. The Xiongnu horsemen cut off the city’s supplies and contact with the outside world and started to starve the people out.

与汉朝的每次战斗，匈奴军队都获胜。公元前199年，汉朝皇帝败退到平城。但匈奴紧追不舍，将城池包围。匈奴骑兵切断了城池的供给以及与外界的联系，以期饿死人民。

Inside the city walls the emperor’s adviser Chen Ping came up with an idea. They couldn’t beat their enemy on the field but they might be able to get rid of them.
He had an artist paint a picture of the most beautiful woman that he could and had it sent to the wife of the Xiongnu commander. Attached was a note that read: “My emperor intends to surrender to your husband and so to win his favor he is sending him a present of one of China’s famous beauties to be his concubine.”

城池内，皇帝的谋士，陈平想出了一个主意。他们不能在战场上击败敌人，但是他们却可以摆脱敌人。他让画师尽其所能画出最美丽的女子，然后把这幅画送给匈奴首领的妻子。并附上一行字：我国皇帝准备投降你的丈夫，为了获得他的支持，打算把我国目前最美丽的女人送给他做妃子。

Overwhelmed with jealousy the Xiongnu commander’s wife destroyed the note. She went to her husband and demanded that he lift the siege immediately and they return home. By morning the Xiongnu army was on their way home. The commander wasn’t afraid of any army but he was afraid of his wife.

匈奴首领的妻子充满着嫉妒，毁掉了这幅画。她到丈夫那里，要求他立刻接触围困，回家。第二天早上，匈奴军队开始回家。匈奴首领不怕任何军队，但他却怕他的妻子。

-------------译者：林一凡-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

6、The Arrows Made Of Straw

6.秸秆做的箭



Photo credit: history.cultural-china.com
When Yin Ziqi led his army to invade the Tang Empire in AD 755 his men followed him out of respect. He was a capable and brilliant leader and the defending army knew it. Their general Zhang Xun was sure that he could break the enemy’s spirit if he could kill Yin Ziqi.

公元755年，尹子奇带领军队侵袭大唐，尹子奇是一个能力出众，有智谋的将领，身边所属一心追随。而防御的对手知道这一点。将领张巡明白如果他能杀了尹子奇，就能挫败敌军的士气。

But there was one problem. He had no idea what Yin Ziqi looked like. To find out Zhang Xun ordered his men to stop defending their position with real arrows. Every archer in his army was issued a pack of arrows made of straw.

但问题是，他不知道尹子奇到底长什么样。为了查到，张巡命令守卫部队不用真箭羽。军队里的弓箭手都分发了一捆秸秆做的箭。

When Yin Ziqi’s men approached and saw these weak little things flying out at them they became convinced that Zhang Xun’s army was out of arrows. They rushed over to report it to Yin Ziqi and Zhang Xun got his first glimpse of his enemy.

当尹子奇的军队靠近城墙，看到这些软绵无力的箭羽射向他们。他们开始相信张巡的军队已无箭可用，急忙向尹子奇报告。而张巡终于瞥见了他的对手。

Yin Ziqi was sure now that he was against a powerless enemy and he charged forward. Zhang Xun’s men though used real arrows this time—and Zhang Xun ordered every single one of them to target Yin Ziqi. It didn’t take long before an arrow went through Yin Ziqi’s eye. With their hero dead his army scattered and fled.

尹子奇相信现在他的敌手的软弱，他命令进攻。张巡的军队这次开始使用真箭，张巡命令所有人对准尹子奇。时间不长，尹子奇被箭射中眼睛。当他们的将领被杀，这支军队惊恐的四散而逃。

-------------译者：林一凡-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

5、The Seven Captures Of Meng Huo

5.七擒孟获



Photo credit: Gisling
In the third century AD the Shu Han kingdom was dealing with an uprising that wouldn’t be quelled. They had the power to beat the rebels in every battle but they couldn’t break their spirit. No matter how many times the kingdom tried to stomp the rebels out the insurrection kept popping back up.

公元3世纪，蜀汉政权正在处理一起无法镇压的叛乱。每次战斗都能打败叛军，但是却无法消除他们叛乱心。不管蜀汉政权多少次的打压，叛乱仍此起彼伏。

Chancellor Zhuge Liang managed to capture the rebel leader Meng Huo and tried to persuade him that his followers had no chance. Meng Huo however would not believe it. The rebels he told Zhuge Liang would keep fighting until they won—even if he wasn’t alive to see it.

诸葛亮丞相成功俘获孟获，试图劝说他，叛军没有一点机会。但是孟获不相信。他对丞相说，叛军会继续战斗，直到获胜。即使他生前看不到这一刻。

Instead of making a martyr out of him Zhuge Liang let Meng Huo return to his army. They met on the field again and Meng Huo was captured once more. When Meng Huo still refused to surrender Zhuge Liang let him go—and captured him again.

诸葛亮没有杀他，而是把他放走，让他回到自己的军队。战场上再相遇，孟获又被擒。但他仍拒绝归顺，诸葛亮又放他走，又俘虏了他。

Zhuge Liang had to capture and release Meng Huo seven times before Meng Huo finally realized that no matter what he did Zhuge Liang would defeat him. Finally realizing that it was hopeless Meng Huo pledged allegiance to the throne. He ordered his followers to end the rebellion and the insurrection ended
forever.

诸葛亮俘虏，释放了孟获七次。孟获终于明白，不管他做什么，诸葛亮都能击败他。最终意识到没有希望后，孟获宣誓效忠朝廷，并命令追随者停止叛乱，叛乱终于平息。

-------------译者：林一凡-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

4、The Parting Of The Wei River

4.潍水之战



Photo credit: theepochtimes.com
In 204 BC Han Xin was a young and inexperienced commander fighting against a more capable foe. His enemy Long Ju had won more battles than Han Xin had ever seen. Long Ju was sure that he would make quick work of Han Xin—and that confidence Han Xin realized was how he could beat Long Ju.

公元前204年，韩信作为一个年轻没有经验的将领抗衡比他强大的敌手。他的敌人，龙且，赢得的胜利比韩信见过的要多。龙且相信自己能很快解决韩信，而敌人的这份自信，韩信意识到，将是他击败龙且的关键。

The two armies were divided by a river and both were waiting for the other side to cross. Han Xin ordered some of his men to go upstream and dam the river off with sandbags until nothing more than a trickle was in their way. Then he led his men across.
Han Xin’s army charged Long Ju’s men but they didn’t fight long. Han Xin’s army feigned a retreat nearly as soon as the battle began. Long Ju sure that his young rival was just a coward charged after him.

两只军队隔河而据，都等着对方渡河。韩信派人到上游用沙袋将河堵上，直到下游河势缓流，然后他带领军队渡河。韩信的军队与龙且的军队开始交战，但交战时间不长。双方一交战，韩信的军队便假装撤退。龙且，认为他的对手年轻，怯懦，紧追不舍。

As soon as Han Xin’s men crossed the river though they broke open the dam. The river came roaring toward Long Ju’s army. Some of his men were swept away and some were trapped on the other side unable to cross.

当韩信的军队渡回岸边，韩信军队打开沙囊河坝。河水怒吼着冲向龙且的军队。一些人被冲走，一些被困在河对岸，无法渡河。

But Long Ju himself was stuck on the enemy’s side of the water with only a few men to defend him. Long Ju’s men could only watch from across the water as their commander was cut down in front of them.

但是只带着一小部分军队的龙且在敌方河岸上被攻击。龙且军队只能在河对岸眼睁睁看着龙且大将军在他们面前被砍倒。

-------------译者：林一凡-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

3、Sima Yan’s Burning Navy

3.司马炎的燃烧战船



Photo credit: Yan Li-pen
Sima Yan had conquered nearly all of China. In AD 280 only one kingdom stood in his way—the kingdom of Wu. Their king lived in terror knowing that it was just a matter of time before Sima Yan attacked. The king spent his time drunk and paranoid. Sure that everyone around him was a spy he had nearly all his advisers executed.

公元280年，司马炎几乎征服了整个中国，挡在他路上的只有一个国家，吴国。吴国皇帝生活在恐惧中，因为他知道司马炎发动战争只是时间早晚而已。所以吴国皇帝整日醉生梦死，疑神疑鬼。总觉得身边人都是间谍，所以几乎将身边的所有谋士都杀了。

When he heard that Sima Yan’s ships were approaching the king of Wu set up a bamboo barrier across the river to block them. He would trap them in the river and destroy them before they could reach the city.

当他听说司马炎的战船将要来的时候，吴国皇帝沿河用竹子建了屏障来阻止战船。他想在他们到达城市前把他们困在河里，摧毁他们。

It was good plan. But as it turned out his paranoid fears weren’t so crazy after all. He really was surrounded by spies and they told Sima Yan’s general Wang Jun about the barricade.

这是个好计划，但是他对晋国偏执的恐惧并不疯狂。他确实被一群间谍围绕着，他们把这个“路障”计划告诉了司马炎的大将军王濬。

Wang Jun had his men build huge rafts and load them with straw dummies soaked in oil. He dressed the dummies in armor and sent them sailing toward the capital of Wu. When they hit the barricade a trip line went off and the ships burst into flames. They burned through the barricade and went into the capital filled with what looked like burning demons.

王濬命令手下建巨大的木筏，上面载满浸了油的稻草人。他还为稻草人穿上盔甲，驶着开往吴国都城。当他们袭击“路障”时，将木筏松开，所有木筏燃起熊熊大火。他们摧毁了“路障”，攻入都城，然后城里也是熊熊大火。

The people of Wu sure that they were being attacked by fiery demon ships fled in terror. Then Wang Jun simply had to walk in to capture the kingdom.

吴国人民，已经被这只带着火恶魔的船队击败，惊恐的四散而逃。然后王濬简简单单散步似的去抓吴国皇帝。

-------------译者：林一凡-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

2、The Battle Of Chengpu

2.城濮之战



Photo credit: history.cultural-china.com
When the Chu army saw the army of Jin marching forward in 632 BC they probably noticed something strange. Every one of their chariots had a tree dragging behind it. With the attack about to begin though the Chu army didn’t have time to worry about it. They just did the best they could to fight off the enemy.

公元前632年，当楚国军队发现前进的晋国军队，他们发现有点奇怪。他们每辆战车后都拖曳着木柴。进攻开始，楚国军队没有时间担心这个。他们只是尽力去击败敌人。

It didn’t take long before the Jin army retreated and sure they were winning the Chu army chased them down. The chariots though still had those trees dragging behind them. The branches kicked up dust as they went and before they knew it the Chu army was lost in a cloud.

 不久晋国军队开始撤退，显然楚国打胜了，所以他们紧追不舍。而那些战车，车后还拖曳着那些木柴。战车经过，木柴带起尘土。楚国军队意识到之前，就已经迷失在尘土中。

But the Chu army didn’t know that they were fighting only one flank of the Jin army. The other flank had fought its way over to the other side. Once the Chu army was lost in the dust that flank came stampeding toward them from behind.

楚国军队并不知道，他们攻打的只是晋国军队的一翼。另一只军队从其他方向开始进攻。当楚国军队一陷入尘土里，这只晋国军队便从后面赶来。

The Chu army was blind in the dust. When they turned their attention to the new soldiers attacking them from behind the flank that they thought was retreating turned on them. The Chu army was trapped and blinded. They didn’t last long.

 楚国军队被尘土挡住视线，而当他们注意到这只从后面攻击他们的军队时，前面那支假装撤退的晋军也开始加入战斗。楚国军队被设计，视线受阻。他们没有坚持多久。

-------------译者：林一凡-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

1、The Death Of Zhuge Liang

1.诸葛亮之死



Photo via Wikimedia
Zhuge Liang was one of China’s most feared generals. He had a reputation for always having a trick up his sleeve. When he put Sima Yi’s army under siege Zhuge Liang was outnumbered. But Sima Yi still wouldn’t meet in the field sure that Zhuge Liang would have a trap waiting for him.

诸葛亮是中国最让人敬畏的人物之一，以足智多谋着称。他以人数劣势围困了司马懿的军队。但是司马懿不愿在战场上见诸葛亮，因为他相信诸葛亮设好了陷阱等着他。 

As the siege wore on though Zhuge Liang got sick. He died in AD 234 before the battle could begin. Disheartened his men gathered up his body and started to march home.
Sima Yi upon hearing that Zhuge Liang was dead took the opportunity and struck. Sima Yi sent his men after the retreating army sure that he could crush them easily without their expert strategist.

当包围逐渐展开的时候，诸葛亮战前却因病死于公元234年。诸葛亮的军队聚集在诸葛亮的遗体前，心碎，然后准备回家。司马懿，一听到诸葛亮已死，抓住机会准备出击。司马懿派军队追击敌人，没有诸葛亮这个军师，他会很容易击败他们。

All Zhuge Liang’s men had to do to stop them though was to turn around and pretend to be ready to fight. As soon as they did Sima Yi became convinced that Zhuge Liang had faked his death as a trap. His army terrified of the dead man retreated to their city—and Zhuge Liang’s body was brought home.

为了阻止司马懿，诸葛亮所属军队调转身，假装迎敌。他们一这样做，司马懿便认为诸葛亮通过假死来设陷阱，而司马懿所属军队，害怕这个已死的人，撤回他们的城市。诸葛亮的遗体得以被带回家乡。 

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