如果亚历山大大帝征服了中国，历史将如何演变？ [美国媒体]

-------------译者：布拉格鸽子蛋-审核者：布拉格鸽子蛋------------



What would history be like if Alexander the Great had once conquered China?

如果亚历山大大帝征服了中国，历史将如何演变？


-------------译者：看看世界-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Pun Anansakunwat Read Chinese history for 17 years
Answered Apr 22
I would say it’s extremely unlikely that the Macedonian army could conquer China. However if Alexander managed to do so
The entire of China would soon rebel. Their immense numbers would overwhelm and repel the Greeks.

我认为马其顿军队是不可能征服中国的。 但如果亚历山大企图这样做的话，整个中国都会很快反击。 他们的巨大人口将压倒和击退希腊人。

This was because the Greek army was extremely small compared to the population and cities in China. Population density in China is much larger than in Europe. A Greek army of 40000–50000 men was equivalent to any army of a medium state in China in the Spring-Autumn period.

这是因为希腊军队与中国的人口和城市相比起来极小。 中国的人口密度远远大于欧洲。 在春秋时期，一个4万至5万人的希腊军队只相当于中国的任何一个中等国家军队。

Once Alexander’s army was dispersed. The Chinese would turn violent and crushed the Greeks from cities to cities.

一旦亚历山大的军队分散了。 中国人会狠狠地逐个扫平各个城市中的敌人。

-------------译者：sjz9977-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Michel McGill My parents are WWII veterans.
Answered May 6
When Mongolians conquered China they bought their territory into China and enlarged Chinese territory. When Manchurian conquered China they bought their territory into China and enlarged Chinese territory too.
Conquering may be easy to rule what been conquered may not be easy. USA occupied Iraq in just two months and never established a viable regime for 14 years.
The only political system that can handle a vast civilization is the political system of China. China unified for two thousand years already when EU is still struggling on the unification.
Should Alexander the Great conquered China he could only adapt to Chinese system culturally socially and politically to rip the fruit of his victory. Should Alexander the Great conquered China in other word China will have the territory extended all the way to Mediterranean.

Michel McGill 我的父母是二战老兵。
Answered May 6
当蒙古人征服中国后，他们的领土成为了中国的一部分，中国的领土扩大。当满洲征服中国后，他们的领土也成了中国的一部分，中国的领土再次扩大。
征服易，统治难，美国在短短两个月内占领伊拉克，14年来却从未建立起一个可行的政权。
唯一能够掌控一个如此伟大的文明的政治制度就是中国自有的政治制度，你看中国已经统一了二千年，而欧盟仍在统一的边缘挣扎就是很好的例子。
如果亚历山大大帝很好地征服了中国，他也只能在文化、社会、政治上去迎合中国人制度才能得到胜利果实，如果亚历山大大帝征服了中国，换言之，中国的领土将一直延伸到地中海。

 -------------译者：黎明晖烬-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Chinese written language is ideograph. Chinese written language can accommodate variety of spoken languages. That’s one of the reason China is united while Europe is not.

中国的书面语言是象形文字，可以包容各种口语，这就是中国能够统一而欧洲不能的原因之一。

China have a fair governance ideal named 王道 which view it subjects the same regardless race or ethnic difference. Chinese dynasty is not western empire. Western empire rule by racial or religious discrimination. The racial or religious discrimination existed in China not as major political mold nor as a ideal.

中国拥有被称作“王道”的公平执政理念，视万物生而平等，不以种族区分。中国王朝不像西方帝国，西方帝国统治充斥着种族歧视和宗教歧视。中国虽然也有，但并非主导因素。

That’s why Chinese civilization is the only survivor of Human cradle civilization. If Han Dynasty conquered west the civilization of the west died. If Alexander the Great conquered China Greek civilization died and be replaced by Chinese civilization.

这就是为何中华文明是唯一流传下来的古文明。如果汉朝征服了西方，那么西方文明就将覆灭，而如果亚历山大大帝征服了中国，那么希腊文明就会被中华文明所取代。

-------------译者：sjz9977-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

In China a dynasty may end but the civilization continue in the same territory that been conquered. In west a empire end and the civilization lost in the territory been conquered. The legitimacy of a King in west based on power or royal blood. The legitimacy of a dynasty in China based on the will of people called 人心背向 in Chinese or 天道 in Chinese.
Should Alexander the Great conquered China it was not Alexander was too powerful but the dynasty of China lost the legitimacy and people did not support it. If Alexander would rule China he had to be in compliance to the will of Chinese people or to the 天道。It is the reversed propagation of civilization. Chinese civilization propagates even been conquered.
West rules by power. Chinese people cannot be ruled by power. That’s the cultural and historical difference.
That’s how a history be like.

在中国，一个王朝的统治可能会终结，但在这片被征服的领土上，文明依然会延续下去。而在西方，在被征服之地上的帝国终结之日，正是文明断绝之时。西方国王的合法性基于权力或王室血统。而在中国，王朝的合法性基于人民的意志，这在中国叫做人心背向或天道。
如果亚历山大大帝征服了中国，那并不是亚力山大太强大，而是因为中国王朝违背民意而失去了正统性，人民不再支持它。如果亚力山大想要统治中国，那就必须符合中国人民的意志或者说是合乎天意。这就是文明的反向传播，甚至在被征服的情况下，中国文明也能传播。
西方人会被权力统治，但是中国人不会，这就是文化和历史的差异。
这就是为什么中国的历史看起来会这样。

 -------------译者：黎明晖烬-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Luca Yang Master Economics Fudan University (2019)
Answered Apr 25

Luca Yang 复旦大学经济学硕士(2019)

Assume in 320s B.C. Alexander the Great continued to march to China.

假设公元前320年代，亚历山大大帝的东征大军开赴中国。

The only plausible route was a series of states along Mount. Tianshan in Xinjiang. A thousand years later When Tang Army confronted with the Arab Empire in Talos in 751 A.D. that was their supply line. The route took Zhang Tsian a Han envoy in 2 century A.D. 2–3 years to take without fight. Let’s assume Alexander needed 5 years.

唯一貌似合理的路线是途径沿新疆天山山脉的一众国家，这也是1000年以后公元751年的怛罗斯之战中唐朝军队的补给线。公元2世纪，在没有发生战斗的情况下，汉朝使者张骞花了两年多时间走完了这条路线。让我们假定亚历山大要花5年。

At around 320 they would met Chinese in west Shanxxi province. That was State of Qin which unified China a century later. As a military state Qin had already become the most powerful and dreadful state of the States of War. On 306 B.C. Yin Ze became the king of Qin. 40 years later his army would massacre 400000 enemy soilders and civilians in Chang’ping.


在公元前320年那个年代，他们会在陕西省碰到中国人，那儿有将在一个世纪后统一中国的秦国，作为军事国家，秦国是当时战国时期最强大最恐怖的国家。公元前306年嬴则(秦昭襄王(公元前325年－公元前251年))成为秦国国君，大约40年后，他的军队在长平之战中屠杀了大约40万军民。

The result of the war between these two states and the probability of other war states to give hand to Qin was highly unpredictable. Maybe someone could work out a fiction on this.

这场发生在两国之间的战争结果以及其他战国援助秦国的可能性都是高度不可预测的，也许谁能就此题材写部小说。