小布什表弟炮轰亚洲人赴美生子 [美国媒体]

Just What Do You Mean by ‘Anchor Baby’?

你所谓的安全锚婴儿到底是什么？



在全图为联邦警察查处非法月子中心

“Frankly, it’s more related to Asian people,” Jeb Bush said Monday in defense of his use of the term “anchor baby.” It had to have been one of the least artful clarifications of the 2016 presidential campaign.

“直说了吧，这词儿我基本就是对亚洲人说的，”关于炮轰亚洲人赴美生子，本周一杰布·布什对此事的解释堪称2016总统大选战中最直的告白之一。

The term, when used by Donald Trump, among others, refers to any American child of an unauthorized immigrant, even an immigrant who has been present in the country for many years. But Mr. Bush used it to talk about the much narrower phenomenon of birth tourism: when foreign nationals travel here temporarily to give birth to children, without any immediate intention of taking up residence.

之前，小布什的这位表弟特意将“安全锚婴儿”这个词限定在了亚洲人的美宝”身上，专指亚洲人赴美旅行生子，只为了给婴儿一个美国国籍，而父母本身并不特意寻求立刻得到美国身份的这一现象。要知道一般美国人提起这个词的时候，包括这届竞选明星之一的美国地产大亨，“野蛮人”川普，都是指任何一个父母是合法移民或者非法移民的婴儿，而并未特指过亚洲人的“美宝”。

Both candidates have come under criticism because of the term’s dehumanizing implication of instrumentality, in either sense of its use: that immigrants have babies to serve as “anchors” that ward off deportation and make it easier to get citizenship for themselves in the future, unlike Americans, who have babies for all the normal reasons.

两位候选人都对这种行为进行了批判，这是因为“安全锚婴儿”不管怎么说，都被认为是父母为未来取得包括美国身份在内的一系列利益而采用的一种手段，而非美国人那样有正当理由进行的怀孕生子。

“It offends a lot of people,” Marco Rubio said. “I don’t use the term.”

“这个词是对很多人的侮辱，”Marco Rubio说，“我不会用这么个词的。”

“They’re called babies,” Hillary Clinton said on Twitter.

“他们的名字只应是小宝贝。”希拉里·克林顿在推特上说。

The issue reveals some immigration myths. Birthright citizenship isn’t unique to the United States. It’s typical for countries in the Western Hemisphere to grant citizenship to any person born on their soil. Birthright citizenship does, however, produce families that contain both children who are Americans and parents who lack authorization to live in the United States. It also creates policy questions about what to do with those families, even as it allows politicians to use a term, “anchor baby,” that some find offensive.

以出生地为依据给予公民权的西方国家并非仅美国一份，不过这在美国确实造成了一些特殊的家庭，即孩子是美国人而其父母不是。也给政客以口实，来大肆谈论这个冒犯了很多人的名词——“安全锚婴儿”。

As Mr. Bush correctly noted, birth tourism is principally associated with Asian (specifically, Chinese) parents. Earlier this year, officials from the Department of Homeland Security raided several “maternity hotels” in the Los Angeles area catering to Chinese visitors who wished to bear children in America. In some cases, these operations have been accused of advising clients to lie in visa interviews, evading taxes or violating local zoning and building codes.

正如杰布·布什正确认识到的那样，“赴美旅行生子”的确实大部分是亚洲人（特别是中国人）。今年国土安全局就查处了洛杉矶好几家为中国人提供这种服务的“母婴旅店”。某些从业者还被认为教唆客户们在签证时撒谎，并且逃税，以及违反社区和建筑物保障法。

Although birth tourism is real, it’s not clear that it’s a significant social problem. News media accounts citing “industry publications” have put the number of annual births to birth tourists at 50,000 or 60,000, but the more reliable Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recorded 9,075 births in the United States in 2013 to people who do not reside here. By definition, birth tourists return to their home countries, taking their American citizen children with them. They do not stay and place a continuing burden on public services.

赴美旅行生子虽然确实存在，但是对美国社会并没有太大损害。有的机构声称每年有5万到6万亚洲“美宝”出生，但也有机构称每年仅9000多例（2013年有9075例）。而且中国人让他们的孩子得到美国国籍后就会被孩子带回中国，不会给美国社会造成长期的破坏。

It’s possible their children will return later, and after they turn 21, these young adults can start sponsoring their relatives for American citizenship. But while immigration skeptics typically worry about the fiscal burden from low-skill, low-income immigrants, birth tourism is available only to foreigners who have a fair amount of money already. A Rolling Stone article in February profiling a Chinese couple that traveled to Los Angeles to have a child estimated their expenses at $35,000.

虽然这些“美宝”以后会回来美国，过了21岁以后也能帮他们父母搞定美国身份，但是一般来说赴美旅行生子的中国夫妇都不是穷人，这样的话即使他们移民过来，也比其他地方的难民移民过来靠谱多了。滚石杂志2月份就发表文章提到，一对中国夫妇赴美旅行生子的花费大约为35000美金，显然是富裕的家庭才能这么做。

In other words, to the extent birth tourism exists, it’s drawing from the upper echelons of the income spectrum in China, where the average family income in 2012 was $2,100.

换句话说，日益增多的旅行赴美生子中国人都是中国的富人，要知道中国2012年的人均收入才2100美元。

On Twitter, Mr. Trump mocked Mr. Bush’s clarification about birth tourism as “a way to be more politically correct to Hispanics.” Mr. Trump warned that “Asians are very offended” at Mr. Bush’s statement. He has instead used Mexico as an example of a place “anchor babies” come from — and he’s using the much broader definition than Mr. Bush.

川普在推特上炮轰小布什他表弟说，布什先生这么做就是为了让西语裔的选民听着爽。川普还警告说，这完全是对亚洲人的冒犯，你们看我用这个词就包括了那帮墨西哥偷渡过来的，比布什打击面广义多了。

Corey Lewandowski, Mr. Trump’s campaign manager, explained his candidate’s use of the termon CNN last Sunday by contending that 400,000 “anchor babies” are born in the United States every year — about 44 times the C.D.C.’s count of births to nonresidents. This figure is an estimate of the total number of children born to unauthorized immigrants, and an out-of-date one at that. Because the number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States and birthrates both declined in the Great Recession, the figure is now closer to 300,000, according to the Pew Research Center.

川普的竞选经理解释说，我家川普上周日在CNN说每年有44万“安全锚婴儿”在美国出生——中国人赴美旅行生子数量的11倍之多，这个数据是对所有未授权移民的在美新生儿的估计。不过呢，现在未授权移民的人数和他们的婴儿出生率在下降，今年只有30多万“安全锚婴儿”出生啦。

Still, when you add up all the past births, that leaves Mr. Trump talking about an awful lot of people. According to Pew, in 2012 there were 4.5 million American children with at least one parent who was an unauthorized immigrant, and four million unauthorized immigrants living with an American child.

不过如果把以前的都算上，事实比川普的数据更可怕，至2012年，美国有450万新生儿的父母中至少一位是偷渡来，400万偷渡家庭养育着“安全锚婴儿”。

There is one other myth in the debate: A citizen child is not necessarily a shield against deportation. In the second and third quarters of 2011, Immigration and Customs Enforcement reported that over 46,000 parents of citizen children were deported, accounting for 22 percent of all deportations.

另外还有一个热议点，那就是“安全锚婴儿”并不能保证父母真正“安全”。光2011年4月到9月期间，就有4万6千个“安全锚婴儿”的偷渡者父母被驱逐出境，占驱逐出境总人数的22%。

Which is to say, in addition to offending some people, the term “anchor baby” can be inapt. Even though it’s a mouthful, perhaps politicians should talk about the “citizen children of unauthorized immigrants.”

总而言之，“安全锚婴儿”这个充满冒犯意为的词是不合适的，政客们最好别再随意说出口，或许用“未授权移民的美国公民婴儿”这个词会好一点。

Jim Tagley  Mahopac, N.Y.  August 29, 2015
There goes the N.Y. Times again with that term "unauthorized immigrants". I know why you use it. It's a much softer way of describing someone here illegally. Somehow unauthorized sounds much better than illegal, less nefarious, like, you are not authorized to be in this area, as opposed to you are in this area illegally. Unauthorized seems almost to be in an area by mistake and not subject to legal sanctions. Oh, you crossed into the U.S. from Mexico by mistake and are therefore unauthorized. Let's call it what it is. If you are unauthorized to be here in the United States then you are here illegally and are therefore an illegal immigrant.

纽约时报又来了，什么“未授权的移民者”啊，不就是想听着比“非法移民”好听点儿么。一说“未授权”，说得好像是不小心误入美国领土，根本没打算要千方百计获得美国合法身份似的。哎哟~你们从墨西哥不小心过来美国，不小心没得到授权啦~得了吧，我明明白白告诉你们，你未被允许就到了美国，那你就是非法移民！

Jonathan NYC  August 29, 2015
Ironically, the 14th Amendment was passed to insure that freed black slaves would receive their full rights as citizens. Nowadays, unskilled black men cannot find work because these jobs are taken by illegal immigrants.

真搞笑，14号修订法案之所以被通过，就是为了让那些被解放的黑人奴隶获得美国公民的全部权利，结果现如今，底层黑人反而因为工作都被这些利用14号法案的非法移民者抢了而丢了饭碗。

tomaustin  Boston MA USA  August 29, 2015
What a small minded group of people we are! We jealously guard our privileges and want to throw out millions of people, many of whom have been here, contributing, for decades. Why aren't we thinking of how to make all of us, them, you and me, more productive, more prosperous, more generous, healthier, happier and smarter?
Then there's our twisted exceptionalism motivators. We are not the world's greatest nation. Not when we have more guns than people and more killings per capita than any other "civilized" nation on earth. Mr. Bombast comes along and says elect my sorry butt and I'll make us great again. How, Trumpy, how? By throwing people out of the country, by promoting racial hatred, by insulting women, That's not greatness and neither is the small minded approach that says "we got ours now get lost!" which is what I see in the hate mongering regarding unauthorized immigrants.
Never mind the fact that we murdered the native americans to take their land. We are all illegal and immoral immigrants (unless you are a true native american.)
Let's focus on how to be great, not greedy.

我们真是一小撮别有用心的人啊！处心积虑地守着自己那点儿特权，还想把几百万给美国干了几十年活儿的人扔出去。我们为什么不多想想怎么能让我们、他们、你、我更高效、更富有、更慷慨、更健康、更快乐、更聪明呢？？
我们是时候转换这种排外的思想了。我们并不是世界上最好的国家，至少在枪比人多、谋杀率远高于其他文明国家的现在不是。牛皮大王来参加竞选，喊着让大家选他，承诺复兴美国。怎么复兴？嗯？川普？怎么复兴啊？？是不是把底层人民都扔出美国，煽动种族之间的仇恨，不停地侮辱女性就行了啊？？这完全不是在复兴美国好么！反正在我眼里，对着未授权移民者叨逼叨这种行为就不是在复兴美国！连“只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯”都不算！！
都忘了咱们是怎么把美洲原住民赶尽杀绝，抢了人家土地的了是吧？咱们老祖宗都是非法的、邪恶的移民者好么！（美洲原住民的后裔除外）
让我们一起努力变得更好，而不是更贪婪。

BearBoy  St Paul, MN  August 29, 2015
"Citizen Children of Unauthorized Immigrants" - give me a break Mr. Barro. Anchor babies is short, sweet, and perfectly descriptive. It's not going away.

“未授权移民的美国公民婴儿”——别扯淡了，安全锚婴儿这个词简洁明了，非常形象而且非常准确。我们就用定了这个词了！