中国VS特朗普时代的美国 [美国媒体]

Conventional wisdom says that President Donald Trump has been propagating America’s retreat from the world, giving China a golden opportunity to fill the vroid and make its case for global leadership on issues such as trade and climate change. These declarations grew to a crescendo at the G-20 Summit in Hamburg, Germany, earlier this month, but they are fundamentally mistaken about U.S. leadership and Chinese reforms and ambitions.

传统观点认为，特朗普已经宣告美国退出世界，这给予了中国一个绝佳的机会，那就是填补（美国留下的）空白并使其在贸易和气候变化等问题上拥有全球领导力。这些声明，在本月早些时候德国汉堡举行的g20峰会上达到顶峰,但他们（其他国家）从根本上误解了美国的领导能力和中国的改革和野心。

Chinese leaders are determined to challenge U.S. dominance in Asia and had never planned on asking for American permission, no matter who occupies the White House.
U.S. global leadership also is not premised on blindly following the preferences of other countries. Additionally, under Trump’s predecessor, U.S. foreign policy bounced between setback and blunder, especially in Asia. The Trump administration would be wise not to rush into the same exercise.

中国的领导者决心挑战美国在亚洲的统治地位，并且从来没有打算要求得到美国的许可,无论谁占据了白宫。美国全球领导地位也不是基于盲目跟着其他国家的喜好。此外,在特朗普的前任,美国外交政策在挫折和失误之间反复不定,尤其是在亚洲。特朗普政府理应足够聪明避免犯同样的错误。

After the new U.S. president took office, the Chinese commerce minister admonished America: “Now is no time for protectionism.” Instead, he observed, more “openness and cooperation” between the two countries was the right path forward.

美国新总统上任之后，中国商务部长告诫美国：“现在没时间（把精力）放在保护主义上”。相反,他说,两国之间更进一步的“开放和合作”才是正确的前进道路。

His message, delivered in 2009, was intended for President Barack Obama, who came to office promising to renegotiate NAFTA unilaterally and oppose free trade pacts concluded by the George W. Bush administration.

他所提出的建议,也层发表于2009年,当时美国总统巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama),在执政之初承诺重新协商单方面北美自由贸易协定,而小布什(George w . Bush)政府则反对自由贸易协定。

Today, Communist China has again taken to preaching the virtues of globalization. Those who declare the world has been turned upside downobviously have a short memory, but they also fail to appreciate that China’s pronouncements stem from more than pure opportunism; they are about the core tenets of the country’s messy economic reforms as well.

如今,土共再次鼓吹全球化的优点。那些宣称世界已天翻地覆显然有一个短期记忆,因为他们还没有认识到,中国的声明不过是纯粹的机会主义。这些核心理念不过只是一堆关于国家经济的无序改革。

Beijing had professed its affection for the market economy long before Trump surprised the world with his trade rhetoric. Indeed, China’s economic reforms of the past 38 years featured precisely a raging battle between free-market capitalism and state control. In November 2013, the Chinese Communist Party even issued a “blueprint” pledging to give the market a “decisive role” in its ongoing economic experiment.

中国政府声称其对市场经济的喜爱，在特朗普发表使世界惊讶的贸易言论的很久之前就有了。事实上,中国经济改革在过去的38年恰恰是由于自由市场资本主义和国家控制之间的激烈战斗起着重要的作用。2013年11月,土共甚至发布了一份要使市场起“决定性作用”的经济试验的“蓝图”。

Yet China is in no way qualified to lecture the U.S. on economic freedom. In its “blueprint,” the Chinese Communist Party could not even bring itself to refer to the private sector by name, and opted to call it the “non-public ownership economy.” Whatever Xi may say about open economies at fancy international gatherings, he has expressed little interest to stand on the side of the market reforms against statism at home.

然而，中国并没有资本向美国讲述什么是自由经济。中国共产党甚至不能提及指的是私人部门的名字，选择称之为“非公有制经济”。在国际聚会上，无论习怎么述说开放经济体。

Meanwhile, those familiar with China’s trading practices know not to buy into Xi’s speechmaking at face value. Trump’s threats of drastic tariffs might be over the top, but China hardly has the moral high ground. After all, this is the country that favors domestic industries while restricting imports, coerces technology transfer from foreign firms wishing to operate in the China market, and steals over $200 billion of intellectual property from the U.S. each year.

与此同时，那些熟悉中国贸易方式的人们对于习发表的演讲的外在价值并不买账。特朗普的激烈的关税政策可能会威胁过头,但中国也基本没有道德制高点。毕竟,这是有利于国内产业而限制进口,强制让希望在中国市场运作的外国公司转让技术,并从美国窃取知识产权的超过2000亿美元的国家。

Similarly, Beijing’s supposed leadership on climate change means standing together with Europe and other countries on an agreement that would have almost no discernable impact on the climate.

同样,北京与欧洲和其他国家站在一起，所拥有的虚幻的领导地位和达成的一份协议,几乎对气候没有明显的影响。

Amid these contradictions, Beijing’s intent to challenge the U.S.-led order in Asia is no joke, and it would be a mistake to assume, as the Obama administration did, that China will back down simply because the U.S. says so.

在这些矛盾当中，北京意图挑战美国在亚洲的领导地位并不是一个笑话，而中国将衰落,美国这样说，奥巴马也这样做过的，其实是一个错误的假设。

Notably, China’s “One Belt, One Road” initiative, a grand vision for building infrastructure and promoting development along maritime and land routes of the old Silk Road, has been touted as China’s effort to create a new world order. Already, the initiative has attracted 68 other member countries, on whom China has promised to spend over $100 billion.

值得注意的是,中国的“一个带一路”倡议，在海上和陆路的古老的丝绸之路上，基础设施建设和促进发展的宏伟蓝图，一直被誉为中国在努力创建一个新的世界秩序。到目前为止，已经吸引了68个成员国,中国已承诺投入超过1000亿美元。

Many see this as an opening for China to challenge the international financial architecture that America helped built, but the unmistakable rebuke to U.S. leadership in this realm actually took place a couple of years ago when Obama tried and failed to strong-arm allies into boycotting the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), an entity established by China to fulfill the unmet infrastructure needs of Asia’s emerging markets. Allies from Europe to Asia ignored U.S. wishes and signed on. The AIIB is now a key funding organization for “One Belt, One Road” projects.

许多人认为对于中国来说，这是一个挑战美国帮助建立的国际金融体系结构的机会。实际上发生在几年前，当奥巴马尝试并最终失败的与强力盟友抵制亚洲基础设施投资银行(AIIB),一个由中国建立以满足那些未满足的亚洲新兴市场的基础设施需求的实体的时候，明显有人责备美国在这一领域的领导地位。AIIB现在是“一带一路”项目的一个关键的资金组织。

The Obama administration’s ham-handed approach to the AIIB fit into an overall Asia policy that was ineffective and inadequate. Having begun by over-promising an accommodation of Beijing’s interests, the administration then announced a muscular “pivot” to Asia. Beijing saw the effort as a thinly veiled effort to contain China’s rise and pushed back harder. Before China’s aggressive land grabs in the South China Sea, intimidation of neighbors and outrageous cyber-attacks against the U.S. government, the Obama administration’s response was frequently hapless.

奥巴马政府的笨手笨脚的策略在应对AIIB融入整个亚洲的时候是无效的和不足的。北京为了利益已经开始过度承诺，这个政府随后宣布了亚洲强力的“轴心”。北京看到了几乎不加掩饰的努力：遏制中国的崛起和更努力的击退中国。在这之前，中国在南海咄咄逼人的征地,恐吓的邻居和无耻的网络攻击反对美国政府,奥巴马政府的反应是经常无助的。

Obama’s inability to enforce the red line he drew for Syria’s use of chemical weapons in 2013 further eroded U.S. credibility. It sent a message to the capitals of Asia that America might talk tough but would do little.
In short, recollections of the success of U.S. global leadership before Trump are simply misplaced, as rumors of the imminence of a Chinese global takeover are greatly exaggerated.

奥巴马无法执行他画的红线---叙利亚的化学武器的使用。使美国的信誉在2013年进一步遭到侵蚀。这向亚洲传递了消息,即美国可能言辞上强硬,但没有任何意义。

In short, recollections of the success of U.S. global leadership before Trump are simply misplaced, as rumors of the imminence of a Chinese global takeover are greatly exaggerated.

简而言之,回顾特朗普之前的美国全球领导力的成功是（把精力）放错了地方,而中国全球接管的紧迫性，这种谣言被大大的夸大了。（大意应该是指当前美国应该把精力放在“澄清”外界对自身领导能力的质疑上。）

This does not mean that the U.S. should graciously yield power to China, and the Trump administration has never argued as such. Just in recent weeks, it grumbled about China’s inability to rein in North Korea’s nuclear ambitions, announced sanctions against a Chinese bank for aiding North Korea, approved a new arms sales package to Taiwan (to help it defend against China), and conducted a “freedom of navigation” exercise in the South China Sea near an island that is claimed by China but disputed by its neighbors.

这并不意味着美国应该，以及特朗普政府从来没有主张和蔼地对待中国。就在最近几周,美国抱怨中国无法遏制朝鲜的核野心，宣布制裁中国银行帮助朝鲜，批准了一项新的对台湾军售方案(帮助其抵御中国)，在南海附近的中国宣称拥有主权的一个岛屿,进行了一次“航行自由”演习。

Contending with China’s rise will require a much more comprehensive strategy than just a tougher posture, but trying something new might actually be a good idea, and was exactly what the American electorate ordered last November.

面对中国的崛起需要一个更全面的策略不仅仅是更强硬的姿态,但尝试新事物可能会是一个好主意,而这正是美国选民去年11月所做的。

Ying Ma is a senior advisor at Avenue Strategies, a government affairs and political consulting firm, and the author of Chinese Girl in the Ghetto. During the 2016 presidential election, she served as the deputy director of a pro-Trump super PAC.

Ying Ma，Avenue Strategies政府事务和政治咨询公司的高级顾问,和《中国女孩在贫民窟》的作者。2016年总统大选期间,她担任副主任pro-Trump的超级PAC。


mamatrucker6 days ago
When Trump unilaterally bailed from the TPP, he ceded the entire Pacific Rim to China and Japan.  The US is now a spectator.

特朗普单方面撤出TPP的时候,他把整个环太平洋地区割让给中国和日本。美国现在是一个旁观者。

Avatar for ByteMeComrades
ByteMeComrades6 days ago
@mamatrucker Not true.  Why do you keep posting stupidity?  You should quit trucking and return to school.  Was the 8th grade when you left?

不对。你为什么总是在秀无知?你应该放弃开卡车,回到学校。你8年级辍学的?

Avatar for michaelroax
michaelroax6 days ago
@ByteMeComrades @mamatrucker Her CB handle is brain dead moma.

她不过是个脑死亡的mama

rebotella6 days ago
@mamatrucker 100% correct

100%正确

Avatar for Ghosty1
Ghosty16 days ago
@rebotella @mamatrucker absolutely false.

明显不正确啊

Avatar for DustinG
DustinG6 days ago
@Ghosty1 @rebotella @mamatrucker Still waiting for one argument against TPP.

等着一个反TPP的协议吧。

ShortDangerousBook 6 days ago
Assad used poison gas. Obama did nothing.
Assad used poison gas again. Trump launched 59 TOMAHAWKS, announced it to President Xi during dinner. You can talk about diplomacy or the "Asian mind" all you want. Xi understood the message perfectly: Assad is Russia's ally, Russian military is superior to Chinese. SO if Trump is willing to bomb Syria, he's willing to do the same to North Korea.

阿萨德使用毒气。奥巴马没有采取任何行动。
阿萨德再次使用毒气。特朗普发射了59战斧并宣布总统与习近平在晚餐。你可以谈论外交或“亚洲”所有你想要的。习完全理解这些信号:阿萨德是俄罗斯的盟友,俄罗斯军事优于中国。如果特朗普愿意轰炸叙利亚,他同样愿意在朝鲜做同样的事。

rebotella 6 days ago
@ShortDangerousBook maybe yu need update your sources, Obama has been bombarding Isis for at least 2 years, and Trump only barks, does nothing.
rebotella 6天前

@ShortDangerousBook
也许你需要更新你的消息来源,奥巴马已经轰击ISIS至少2年,而特朗普只是叫,什么也不做。

Atlasburped 6 days ago
I actually do think someone needs to stand up to China, but Donny doesn't have the grapes.

我真的认为需要有人站出来面对中国，但是唐尼没有葡萄。

michaelroax 6 days ago
@Atlasburped  He has cantaloupes , You have grapes.

他有哈密瓜，你有葡萄。

rebotella 6 days ago
@michaelroax @Atlasburped Trump just barks and does nothing, don't you see?

特朗普只是吠叫，什么都没做，你没看出来？

DustinG 6 days ago
@Ghosty1 @rebotella @michaelroax @Atlasburped Well that's not entirely true. If you will recall, when Obama took office he inherited the worst recession since the Great Depression.After getting the 2009 stimulus passed over Republican objection he ended the loss of over 600 thousand jobs per month and restored growth to both GDP and the Stock Market. By saving GM Obama and Democrats saved about 1.5 million US auto work jobs.
On foreign policy he used economic sanctions to stop Putin from overrunning Ukraine and his bombing and special forces campaign in support of local ground forces has taken back over half the land ISIS once held.
He also gave health care to the working poor which Republicans have agreed not to repeal.
What has Trump done that matches that?

这并不完全正确。如果你还记得,当奥巴马就职的时候,他继承了大萧条以来最严重的经济衰退。
在共和党反对下，通过了2009年的刺激政策使他每月终结了超过60万个工作岗位的损失和GDP与股票市场恢复增长。
通过拯救通用汽车奥巴马和民主党人救了约150万美国
汽车工人的工作。在外交政策上，他使用经济制裁阻止普京攻占和轰炸乌克兰，地面部队已经要回伊西斯曾经超过一半的土地。他也统一给工作贫穷的共和党人卫生保健。
那相匹配的特朗普做了什么?

Ghosty1 6 days ago
@rebotella @michaelroax @Atlasburped no, i
don't see. i see where prior administrations
have done less in two terms than trump has in 6
months.
Ghosty1 6天前@rebotella @michaelroax
@Atlasburped

不,我没看到。我只看到之前2届政府所
做比这6个月少。

DustinG 6 days ago
@Atlasburped
We tried that back in 1950. It didn't work out all that well.
Today we have tangled our economy with theirs to an extent that if either one of us goes down, we both go down.

我们试着回到1950（黄金时期），但效果并不好。
如今我们在那某种程度上搞乱着我们的经济，意味着如果我们中任何一个人倒下，我们全都会倒下。