Reddit：中国宣布将加强其在非洲的军事存在 [美国媒体]

China says it will increase its military presence in Africa

中国宣布将加强其在非洲的军事存在

China is looking to strengthen defense engagement with African countries, adding to its economic and commercial profile on the continent.
That would compliment existing Chinese ventures, such as peacekeeping activities and weapons sales, as well as protecting Chinese assets, experts say.

中国正期待加强与非洲国家的防务合作，以此作为她在非洲大陆业已展现的经济、商务宏图的有力补充。
专家们指出，这将有利于中国已在当地投入的风险事业，诸如维和行动、武器销售等；当然也有利于保护中国资产。



Chinese People's Liberation Army personnel attending the opening ceremony of China's military base in Djibouti.

解放军有关人员参加中国人民解放军驻吉布提保障基地部队进驻仪式

For decades, China's presence in Africa has largely focused on economic, commercial and peacekeeping activities. Now, Beijing is building on that by establishing greater military links to protect its national assets on the continent and gain greater geopolitical influence.

数十年来，中国在非洲的存在基本上仅限于经济、商务及维和行动领域。现在，北京则正在这一基础上，建立更强有力的对非军事联系以保护她在这块大陆上的国家资产，并由此进一步赢取地缘政治影响力。

The People's Liberation Army conducts regular joint training exercises across the region and, in certain countries that are home to major Chinese infrastructure projects under the Belt and Road initiative, the communist state has been especially active.

人民解放军还在整个地区进行常态化的联合军事训练、演习。而在中国的一带一路倡议下，对于作为其基础设施重点工程所在地的非洲国家，GC主义中国显得格外积极主动。

In Djibouti, where Chinese companies have constructed strategic ports and Africa's first electric transnational railway, Beijing last year formally launched its first overseas military base, which also operates as a logistics and intelligence facility. Many experts now anticipate more Chinese bases in the years to come, with Namibia rumored as a potential location.

在吉布提，中国公司已经建起战略性港口设施、非洲首条电气化跨国铁路。去年，北京则在这里正式启动了她的首个海外军事基地。该基地还将同时担负后勤保障及情报设施的功能。如今很多专家都预测，未来几年里将会出现更多中国人的基地。有传言说纳米比亚将是一个可能地点。

Meanwhile in Tanzania, where the state-run conglomerate China Merchants Holdings International is hoping to invest in the Bagamoyo mega port, China built a complex designed to train local armed forces earlier this year. And, at the first-ever China-Africa Defense and Security Forum in Beijing on Tuesday, the communist state announced it will provide African countries with "comprehensive support" on matters such as piracy and counter-terrorism. That includes providing technologies, equipment, personnel and strategic advice, local media reported.

与此同时，在坦桑尼亚，中国国有的企业联合体——招商局国际控股有限公司（China Merchants Holdings International）正期待投资于巴加莫约（Bagamoyo，坦桑尼亚东部印度洋港口城市）巨型港口。而就在今年早些时候，中国在这里建造了一个为该国军队提供训练的综合设施。

All that comes amid expectations for the U.S. to reduce troops in Africa under President Donald Trump's "America First" policy, which is set to boost Chinese President Xi Jinping's government as the dominant foreign power on the continent.

在这一切行动背后，是对美国总统唐纳德·特朗普基于“美国优先”政策而减少在非美国驻军的期待。而这，将促使中国政府成为非洲大陆上占据支配地位的域外势力。

The strengthened defense ties compliment China's existing ventures, particularly weapons sales, according to specialists.

专家们指出：防务纽带关系的进一步增强，将有助于中国投入当地的冒险事业，特别是武器销售。

"In recent years, Chinese arms sales to Africa have surpassed the United States," said Luke Patey, senior researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies: "In particular, Chinese small arms and light weapons have spread rapidly since China is less inhibited by selling arms to countries in the midst of conflict than Western providers." That goes hand in hand with Beijing's expanding military cooperation, he continued.

丹麦国际问题研究所（Danish Institute for International Studies）高级研究员卢克·佩蒂（Luke Patey）说：“近些年以来，中国对非洲的武器出口已经超过了美国。由于在对冲突地区国家出售武器方面，中国相较西方供应商所受约束较少，中国武器特别是轻武器、小型化装备，正迅速在非洲扩散。”他进一步指出，这一趋势与北京正不断拓展的各项军事合作密不可分。

A desire to safeguard Chinese workers and Chinese-funded projects on the continent is likely behind the government's efforts.

中国政府一系列努力背后的动机，似乎是想要保卫在非中国员工以及由中国资助的工程项目。

"China’s security concerns are actually aimed at its own nationals, and military diplomacy is skillfully used to protect them and their interests," the Netherlands Institute of International Relations, or Clingendael, said in a recent report.

荷兰国际关系研究所（Netherlands Institute of International Relations，又名CLINGENDAEL）最近的一份报告指出：“中国的安全考虑事实上主要关注本国国民，她也正巧妙地运用军事外交以保护他们以及他们的利益。

"The evacuation of hundreds of Chinese and foreign nationals from Yemen in 2015 — on a People’s Liberation Army frigate that sailed from the coasts of Somalia — proves just how crucial the presence of a military logistics base on the eastern coast of Africa is for China," it continued.

”2015年的也门撤侨行动中，数百名中国以及外国公民的成功撤离——当时调用了一艘在索马里近海巡逻的人民解放军海军护卫舰——恰好证明在非洲东部海岸部署军事后勤基地对中国来说是多么关键。“

The world's second-largest economy has long described Sino-Africa cooperation as a "win-win" arrangement — one that provides China with natural resources and African economies with badly-needed infrastructure. But while the flood of Chinese resources may be welcomed by the region's cash-strapped governments, the fear is that increased capital could translate into political leverage.

长期以来，世界第二大经济体始终将中非合作描述成一种”双赢“机制——一方面它为中国提供自然资源，一方面则为非洲国家提供他们急需的基础设施建设。但中国的巨大投入虽然受到资金拮据的当地政府欢迎，却也有担心认为不断增加的（中国）资本可能会转化为政治影响力。

In fact, many speculate that it was Beijing's concerns over its investments that resulted in the 2017 coup that ousted Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe — a charge that Xi's administration has denied.

事实上，很多猜测认为正是北京对其投资的忧虑，直接导致了2017年的津巴布韦政变，以及对罗伯特·穆加贝（Robert Mugabe）的罢免——中国政府已经否认了这一指控。

"The concern from a lot of partners is exactly what role China is going to be playing in the region and how it's going to fit with existing military organizations and security forums," said Duncan Innes-Ker, Asia regional director at The Economist Intelligence Unit. "It's really an unsettling element of something new coming into the equation that's got a lot of people concerned."

经济学人智库（The Economist Intelligence Unit）亚洲区总监邓肯·因尼斯克尔（Duncan Innes-Ker）说：”我们很多合作伙伴所关心的是，中国究竟将在该地区扮演何种角色，她又将如何融入区域内业已存在的多边军事组织、安全论坛——现有的平衡中突然出现的新事物，的确是一种会造成不安的因素，会引发人们的大量关切。“

"African countries should be clear-eyed that the days of China’s strict adherence to its longstanding noninterference policy are over," Patey added.

卢克·佩蒂也补充道：”非洲国家必须清醒地认识到，中国已经放弃了她长久以来严格遵循的不干涉别国内政政策。“

[–]cgmcnama
They have a large national and private investment in Africa. Not only are you going to expand your military bases there but you will also protect your businesses and citizens in Africa as well. It makes sense.

他们在非洲有大量国家或私人投资。这不只是为了在那扩展军事基地，同时也能保护他们在非洲的企业和公民。这没什么好奇怪的。

[–]Laughingatfascists 
Said the colonizer.

殖民者都这么说。

[–]AIexSuvorov 
How is the weather in Indian lands, colonizer?

今天印第安人土地上的天气怎么样啊，殖民者？

[–]MrPsychoanalyst
Said the other colonizer whose personal interests are in risk so he used populist moral arguments of freedom an independence to install and expands its own military regime on the region

说这话的是另一位殖民者，一位自身利益受到威胁，于是利用“自由、独立”一类民粹化的道义口号来安插、扩展自己在该地区军事影响的殖民者。

[–]Pomeranianwithrabies 
Funny how people accusing them of being colonizers never stop to question why half the world speaks English... a language native to a tiny island with (relatively) tiny population.

真有趣，人们不停指控他们（中国人）搞殖民，却从不停下来想一想，为什么半个世界都在说英语——原本只是一种某小岛上（相对地）一小群人口使用的地方语言。

[–]Celestaria 
It's impossible to change the past. It is possible to learn from the past and stop history from repeating itself.

改变过去已无可能。但从历史中学习，防止历史重演，才是正途。

[–]IllusiveLighter
So, got mine fuck you, eh?

所以是，“我先抢先得，你去TM的”对吧？

[–]expyrian 
I wouldnt say that a worldwide british empire a couple hundred years ago would constitute 'got mine'

我不会把两百年前横跨世界的大英帝国，称为“先抢先得”型。

[–]i2white2remember 
Does China now have a right to impose its mandate on Africa because Europe did it in the past? Why not have some self-determination in Africa instead?

就因为欧洲曾经做过，今天的中国就有权将其意志强加于非洲？为什么不能容许非洲自决其未来？

[–]IllusiveLighter 
Except china isn't imposing any mandates, they are investing heavily in African countries. Doing a much better job than any Western nation ever did.

然而中国并没有“强加”什么“意志”，他们只是在非洲国家大量投资，他们只是工作做得远比西方国家出色。

[–]Medical_Officer 
Which African country is a Chinese colony again? I have trouble finding it on the map.

抱歉，哪个非洲国家成了中国殖民地啦？我在地图上怎么找不到。

[–]goforthandconquer 
Why? Natural resources plunder planned?

为什么？谋划着好掠夺自然资源？

[–]Greek-God88 187
They trying to overtake US military presence It’s very scary actually if have paid attention the last few months. They offer smaller countries insane amounts of cash which China knows the country’s can’t pay back and then they say basically: give us your Harbors

他们试图压倒美国的军事存在，如果过去几个月稍作留意，情况很可怕！中国给一些小国疯狂地贷款，知道他们无法偿还，然后中国就会说：把你的港口给我们吧。

[–]Plisskens_snake 
You ain't lying. That's the Chinese business model.

你没说错。这就是中国的商业模式。

[–]quaxon 
Actually the IMF/World bank lead by western nations have been doing this long before China ever got into the game...

实际上，西方主导的国际货币基金组织（IMF）、世界银行早在中国参与这场游戏前，就在这么干了。

[–]lostinliquidglass
Economic hitmen, looks like china learned from the best. Control the harbors and you hold the economy

简直是经济领域的职业杀手！看来中国是在向最优秀的人学习。控制港口，你就掌握了经济。

[–]Tearakan 
Yep. China is just copying an effective strategy.

是滴。中国只是模仿了最有效的策略。

[–]AccidentalAlien
Western nations have been using the same business model for hundreds of years - much longer than the World Bank - but that fact doesn't align so straight with your tunnel view of the previous comment. From your perspective, China bad - everyone else good. I get it.

西方国家早已使用这一商业模式数百年了——远比世界银行的历史还长——但这个事实与你前面评论的狭隘视野不完全一致就是了。在你看来，就是中国坏-其他人都好。我懂。

[–]biggie_eagle
it happened literally only once with Sri Lanka and there's literally no evidence that they planned it to be this way. it's called taking the collateral. every country does this, it's standard practice. But you're so ignorant you thought this was only what China did.

中国只在斯里兰卡这么干过一次，没有任何证据表明他们还打算这么做。这不过就是种抵押担保——每个国家都这么干，这就是个惯例而已。但你却如此无知，以为只有中国这么做。

[–]ferdyberdy 
Surprise surprise, in a world of 7 billion people there are actually some countries willing and capable of standing up to the US.
The US did leave themselves wide open by alienating other cultures through exported ethnocentrism, trying to change every other "non-compliant" regieme, and basically trying to be a moral authority on everything while pleasing consumerist voters at home.

意不意外？在这个70亿人口的世界里，还真有一些国家有意愿也有能力站出来对抗美国。
是美国让自己门户洞开（四面受敌），它通过输出美式”民族中心主义“打压其它文化，试图颠覆每个”不符合标准“的政权；一边要在每件事情上扮演道德权威，一边又要取悦消费至上主义的国内选民。

[–]michael12312 
alienating other cultures through exported ethnocentrism
What are you talking about? The US is one of the least ethnocentric countries on Earth. Meanwhile, look at what China is doing in Tibet and to its Uighur population if you want to talk about ethnocentrism.

“通过输出美式’民族中心主义’打压其它文化”
你说什么呢？美国恐怕是世界上”民族中心主义“程度最低的国家之一了。与此同时，看看中国的XZ、W族，你再来谈民族中心主义。

[–]ferdyberdy 
1) Look at the US's media footprint. Everything is judged according to the US's standards. 2) Regime change. US's favorite export. 3) Political intervention and world policing. If its not done according to US's standards its evil/barbaric/backwards.
Yes China is ethnocentric and it has its own set of problems. But creating room for China's diplomatic/economic/military expansion was because of the US alienating other cultures through exported ethnocentrism and the aforementioned factors.

1）看看美国媒体的劣迹——用美国人的标准来审判每件事。2）颠覆政权——美国最爱的出口品。3）政治干预、世界警察——只要不按美国标准做事，就是邪恶、野蛮、历史倒退。
是，中国的确也是民族中心主义，她也有一堆自己的问题。但是谁为中国在外交、经济、军事领域的扩张制造空间的？正是美国通过输出”民族中心主义“打压其它文化，以及上述这些行为。

[–]CreamOfSumYungFella 
China is just spreading their wings and slowly replacing the US as the world' leading superpower. It's only a matter of time. Their GDP is already about to pass ours, and soon, their military spending will too. The "American Century" is coming to an end.

中国正在不断延展其势力范围，并缓慢地取代美国领导世界的超级大国地位。这只是时间问题。他们在国内生产总值（GDP）上已经快要超过我们了，接下来，军费开支也快了。”美国世纪“即将走到尽头。

[–]korinth86 
I agree with you in general. Just wanted to say that as far as we know the US still spends more on it's military, about 2/3 more.
It's going to be hard to catch up to 11 carrier fleets anytime soon. We are on the way out but our ability to project power is very much intact. Though no one will want us around.

我基本上同意你的观点。只想说一点，据我们所知美国军费支出仍然更多，大概多出他们两倍。
短期内要想赶上我们的11个航母战斗群可没那么容易。我们确实在逐渐退步，但我们的军事投射能力基本未受影响。虽然没什么人喜欢见到我们（的军队）。

[–]CreamOfSumYungFella 
Yes, the US still spends more, but the US also still has a higher GDP. Over the next 20-30 years, China's GDP is going to far surpass us. At some point, their military spending will also surpass ours. Probably within the next 20-30 years.
https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/economy/the-world-in-2050.html

没错，美国军费仍然更高，但这是因为美国的GDP仍然更高啊。今后20～30年，中国的GDP会远远超过我们。在某个时间节点，他们的军费也会超越我们，可能同样会在20～30年内。
https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/economy/the-world-in-2050.html

[–]Aharonov 
It's going to be hard to catch up to 11 carrier fleets anytime soon.
Real easy way to do that: sink carriers. They're giant floating targets, and in a serious war with China the only strategy for protecting them is CIWS and pray. They're like battleships in 1939: great for threatening pissant little countries that get uppity, useless if you have to fight anybody who knows what they're doing.
Just wanted to say that as far as we know the US still spends more on it's military, about 2/3 more.
Doesn't matter, for a variety of reasons. The big one is that US commitments are greater than Chinese by a factor of much more than three. China doesn't have to beat the US everywhere to kill the empire: they just have to beat the US in the Chinese littoral zone, and because US grand strategists are completely retarded that's a lot easier than it should be. All those resources being used to counter scary Russians and scary Iranians and fight terrorists in third world hellholes are resources that can't be used to hold Taiwan. Of those eleven carriers, no more than three could be deployed in APAC at any one time, and even three would be difficult. And secondly, it's a lot cheaper to kill the US military than it is to build it. A carrier strike group will run you thirty or forty billion dollars. Spending a billion to kill it would be massive overkill.

“短期内要想赶上我们的11个航母战斗群可没那么容易。”
有一个很简单的办法：炸沉这些航母。它们不过是些巨大的浮动靶子，如果和中国爆发大规模战争，能保护它们的就只有短程武器系统（CIWS = close-in weapons system）和祈祷。它们就像是1939年的战列舰：用来震慑狂妄自大却无足轻重的小国还行；面对任何知道怎么打仗的对手，则毫无用处。

“只想说一点，据我们所知美国军费支出仍然更多，大概多出他们两倍。”
有很多因素决定这一点也无关紧要。最大的一个就是，美国的安全承诺/负担就远远大于中国的三倍。中国不需要在全球各地击败美国：他们只需在自家门口打败我们就行——而由于美国主要战略家完全都是些呆瓜——做到这点远比看上去容易。所有那些用于对付”可怕的俄国人“、”可怕的伊朗人“、在第三世界泥潭里和恐怖分子交战的资源，全部都是不可用于台海的资源。至于那11艘航母，能一次性部署到亚太地区（APAC =  Asia-Pacific）的不会超过3艘——即使3艘都很困难。
第二，消灭美国军力总比美国建设这些军力花费少的多。组建一个航母战斗群要花掉300亿到400亿美元；而要消灭它，如果用到10亿美元，那就是对手玩得太过火了。

[–]IronComrade 178
Obligatory: Empire of Dust
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1a-QpyF7rNc
A documentary of a Chinese business venture in the DRC.
African nations need cash, the Chinese have cash and economic appetite. The Chinese also want to be minimally intrusive.
The main complaints I've seen are the Chinese hiring Chinese workers rather than African locals. Very interesting watching China work.
edit: As some have posted below regarding Chinese employment of locals: link
https://www.mckinsey.com/feature ... ngagement-in-africa

必修：《尘埃帝国》（Empire of Dust，一部2011年由比利时导演Bram Van Paeschen拍摄的中国人在非洲修铁路生活的纪录片）
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1a-QpyF7rNc（B站也有：）
https://www.bilibili.com/video/a ... 8725129424633714683
一部有关中国人在刚果民主共和国（DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo）开展商业项目的纪录片。
非洲国家需要资金，中国恰好拥有大量资金以及商业胃口。中国也的确希望将“侵入”做到最小化。
（纪录片里）我看到最主要的抱怨就是中国企业总是雇中国工人，而非非洲当地人。观察中国如何工作非常有趣。
[编辑] 有人已经在下面贴出来的，中国人雇佣当地人的相关信息，链接：
https://www.mckinsey.com/feature ... ngagement-in-africa

[–]Fit-Man 189
The main complaints I've seen are the Chinese hiring Chinese workers rather than African locals.
After watching Empire of dust, I can see why Chinese are hiring Chinese workers. Because they actually want to finish these projects.

“我看到最主要的抱怨就是中国企业总是雇中国工人，而非非洲当地人。”
看完《尘埃帝国》，我明白为什么中国企业只雇中国工人了。因为他们是真想把项目做完啊。

[–]bautofdi 
Lol I asked some locals in Kingston why they aren’t mad that Jamaicans aren’t getting hired for these huge infrastructure projects, and everyone basically said the job would never finish if locals were hired.
I then went to the blue mountain and met a coffee farmer who had been building his roasting plant for 14 years lol

哈，我问过金斯敦（Kingston，牙买加首都）一些当地人，为什么这些巨型基础设施工程不雇佣当地牙买加人，而他们却一点不生气？他们每个人的回答基本都是，让当地人来干就别想完工了。
后来我在蓝山山脉遇到一位咖啡农场主，发现他为修一间烘焙厂花了14年，哈哈哈

[–]Rikou336 
Amazing. The land of procrastination.

了不起。好一个“迟滞之地”。

[–]Sirpoppalot 
Who’d have thought the land of weed would also be the land of procrastination...
Canada won’t finish anything ever again now

谁能想到“大麻之地”竟也成了“迟滞之地”啊……
从此以后，加拿大别想完成任何事情了

[–]p314159i 
Africans have an expression for it called African Time

非洲人有种表述法，称此为“非洲时间”。

[–]ShinJiwon 
Wait, can you explain? Why would local workers take longer to do the job? Communication issues?

等等，你能解释一下吗？为什么当地工人耗时更久？是沟通问题？

[–]wontfixnow 
being lazy

懒呗

[–]Medical_Officer 
My uncle was a foreman for a Chinese state mining project in Zambia back in the early 2000s. He told me that the entire native African workforce would disappear for about a week after they got paid every month to drink, gamble and whore their paycheck away. If anything was left after that week, it would go to their wives and family.
They didn't do a whole lot while there were at work anyway so it didn't really matter much that they disappeared for a week every month. They were hired primarily to keep the locals happy.

我叔叔在2000年代早期是赞比亚中国国家矿业工程的一个工头。他告诉我每次发薪后，当地非洲员工就会立即全体消失一周，喝酒、赌博、买春直到花光薪水。如果一周之后还有剩余，才会留给他们的家里、老婆。
由于他们就算上班也干不了多少活，所以每月不见个一周两周对项目影响不大。雇佣他们主要就是为了安抚当地人的情绪。

[–]WiseSpecialist 
That's pretty typical.
When Boeing was still designing the 787 they had to negotiate deals with all kinds of countries to ensure they'd buy the things. So you'd have an Italian factory spring up out of nowhere and hire people with zero manufacturing experience to build parts that'd get shipped to the US and immediately quarantined by Boeing till engineers could figure out what could be salvaged. Or you'd have a Russian factory- because Russians have the titanium- that would be bringing these jet liner parts to the train depot on mule driven carts because it's too cold and expensive to have trucks do it.

这还真有代表性。
当波音公司还在设计787的时候，必须提前和各国展开谈判，以确保他们的购买意向。于是，一家意呆利工厂就这么突然出现，雇佣一批全无制造业经验的家伙来生产飞机部件。这些部件必须立即运到美国进行质检，好让波音的工程师决定能从中回收点什么。还有就是在俄罗斯设厂——因为俄国人有钛——他们会用骡车把生产好的部件往火车站运，因为天气太冷用货车运费太贵。

[–]Fit-Man
I watched a few documentaries about the making of the Ethiopian and Kenyan Railways, and there the Chinese spent years simply training Ethiopian and Kenyan workers as the government demanded that most of the workers be local. They trained train drivers, civil engineers, electricians, concreters and metal workers. They were flown to China and trained as there were few facilities to train them in Africa initially, but later the Chinese built vocational schools in Ethiopia and Kenya and elsewhere, specifically for the railway projects.
It was all completed very recently. However Chinese engineers still linger to keep things running smoothly, but it's largely operated by locals and now the Chinese are looking to open train manufacturing plants in Kenya. Africa has no shortage of metals/raw materials. It has no shortage of manpower. It just needs infrastructure, education and training to kick-start an industrial revolution.
Short term laborers are notorious for being shit, even here in Australia they're lazy and opportunistic. You need to build up a credible professional workforce over time.

我看过几部有关埃塞俄比亚和肯尼亚修建铁路的纪录片。由于当地政府要求多数劳动力必须来自本地，中国人会花上几年时间培训埃塞、肯尼亚员工。他们培训货车司机、土木工程师、电工、混凝土工人、金属工人。一开始由于非洲当地培训设施有限，这些人会飞往中国接受培训；后来中国人在埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚和其它地方都建起了职业学校，特别是针对铁路工程的那种。

前不久那几条铁路都已经建成通车。尽管中国工程师还要留在当地一段时间，以确保铁路正常运行，但大多数工作都已经由当地员工接手，而如今中国人已经在考虑在肯尼亚建火车制造厂了。非洲金属/原材料资源丰富，人力也不短缺。它只是需要基础设施、教育以及培训，从而开启一场工业革命。
短期劳动力一向臭名远扬，即使在澳大利亚这里，他们也总是懒散、投机取巧。要建立起一支可靠、专业的劳动力队伍，需要时间。

[–]logicalcanadian 
This reminds me of a Native Canadian man I worked with at a moving company, as a young man. He was a 'functioning' alcoholic, and in his 3-4 years at the company, had never came in to work after a pay day.
The incredibly frustrating thing was, they wouldn't give him the day after payday off out of principle, so if you were scheduled to have him on your team that day, you were always down a man.

这让我想起我在一家搬家公司工作时的一个加拿大同事，一个年轻人。他算是个还能工作的“功能性”酒鬼了，待在公司的3～4年里，发薪第二天他就从没上过班。尤其让人不爽的是，出于原则公司从不在发薪次日放他的假，所以如果那天他正好排到你组里，你就只能少一个人。

[–]straylittlelambs 
Reminded me of the native born Canadians that my dad hired for a short project, they would do exactly the same. Always paid them on a Friday and no overtime because any extra money they got, you never saw at least three out of the five Monday and the other two were still smashed.

让我想起我老爹以前做一个短期工程时雇佣的加拿大当地人，简直一模一样。只能每周五给他们发薪，还绝不能加班；手上有了闲钱，每周一五个人里至少三个你从来见不到，来的两个也醉醺醺的。

[–]Fiatjustitiaruatcael
Interesting and important documentary.

有趣又有价值的纪录片。

[–]IrritateYouWithFacts
This talk and book by the same Professor actually gives a real representation about what's happening on the ground as compared to so many biased reports about China in Africa.
https://youtu.be/8GfD4Mzyahg
https://www.amazon.com/Dragons-G ... frica/dp/0199606293
tl;dr: Reality is that China's involvement in Africa has greatly benefited Africans as a whole. China's doing good for Africa and for itself.

下面的谈话和书籍出自同一位教授，相较于众多针对中国人在非洲的充满偏见的报道，他真实描述了这块大陆上正在发生的事情。
https://youtu.be/8GfD4Mzyahg
https://www.amazon.com/Dragons-G ... frica/dp/0199606293
长话短说：实情是中国的参与使非洲作为一个整体获得了巨大的好处。中国正在做的事有利于非洲，也有利于自己。

[–]Fiatjustitiaruatcael 
Thanks for these!

谢谢分享！

[–]iVarun 
Even the bit about local and foreign workers needs context.
McKinsey did a report on this last year, Dance of the lions and dragons: How are Africa and China engaging, and how will the partnership evolve?
tl;dr, 89% of the employees are Locals.

就算是有关当地工人、外国工人的争论，也需要结合背景来考虑。
麦肯锡公司去年做了一个相关报道——《龙狮共舞：中非经济合作现状如何，未来又将如何发展？》
长话短说：89%的雇员都是当地人。

[–]IrritateYouWithFacts 
Great source.

很好的资料。

[–]ontrack 
I've lived in Africa for 11 years now. I think the Chinese for the most part are beneficial and generally have the support of many Africans. They generally keep a low profile and get projects completed. Also, unlike what some people have said in this thread, the Chinese employ a lot of African workers. There have been a few cases where groups of Chinese migrants have angered Africans (like the artisanal gold mining in the west of Ghana) but for the most part they haven't been overbearing or abusive.

我已经在非洲生活了11年。我认为大多数情况下，中国人做的事对非洲有益，因此总体上也获得了很多非洲人的支持。他们总是保持低调，完成项目。而且，和这个帖子里某些人所说的正好相反，中国企业雇用了大量非洲员工。是有几件中国移民与非洲人发生冲突的事（比如迦纳西部的淘金事件）但多数情况下，中国人并无什么专横霸道或是欺虐行为。

[–]gyrotur
Weird fact about this film. Its used by white supremacists circles as a propaganda tool. They cut clips without context to make them racist propaganda.

关于这部影片有个奇怪现象——白人至上主义圈子里把它当作一个宣传工具。他们只剪辑一些片段（而不介绍整体背景），以渲染其中的“种族主义”。

[–]el_Di4blo 
LOL, The chinese guy straight up says that the blacks have wasted everything white people have given them.
Guess what? Chinese people can be racist as well. If you said that on reddit no-one would pretend there was some hidden context.

哈哈，（影片里）那个中国人直截了当地说，黑人浪费掉了白人曾经给过他们的所有东西。
你猜怎么着？中国人也可以一样种族主义。如果那句话你是在Reddit上讲的，不会有人认为它后面还有什么“隐藏背景”。

[–]UO01 
That's definitely not how I would phrase it, but western governments have been pumping money (to develop healthcare, infrastructure, defense) into african nations for decades and there is really not much to show for it other than making local leaders much fatter.

那句话我是不会那样说的。但西方国家数十年来不断为非洲国家提供资金（以发展医疗卫生，基础设施，国防等），结果除了当地领导人越来越胖之外，几乎什么也没见着。

[–]genshiryoku 
It's not racism if it's a fact. The infrastructure build by colonialism was being broken down by local wars and inability to maintain it.
Putting the words "white" and "black" on it doesn't suddenly mean it's racist and not factual. Nation A build infrastructure in Nation B. Nation B destroyed that infrastructure and is now in a worse place because of it. As simple as that, nothing racist about it.

如果说的是事实，那就不算种族主义。殖民者们建起的基础设施早已被当地各种武装冲突破坏殆尽，而他们又无力修复。
只是用了“白人”“黑人”这些字眼，并不表示就一定是种族主义，就一定不是事实了。A国在B国建起基础设施，B国随后摧毁了这些设施且因此处境更加糟糕。就这么简单，哪来的种族主义。

[–]exilde 
He also points out how China advanced so much more quickly despite not having all the advantages and infrastructure given to African nations, and how Africans never bothered to learn from Europeans.

他还指出了中国是如何在没有得到过非洲国家获得的这么多帮助、基础设施的情况下，却取得如此迅速发展的。还有就是非洲人从未用心向欧洲学习过。

[–]Stussygiest 33
It's more like if you can't pay back, we get a lease for a certain amount of years to write off the debt.
Sri Lanka couldn't pay back China. So they agreed to lease a port to China for 90 years. After, Sri Lanka keeps the port forever. China also agreed to invest in farmlands close to the port, building an industry. For countries that are in endless poverty, it could be a good deal.
Loose example. Britain made Hong Kong explode in wealth due to a strategic port, which was given back to China recently. Hong Kong is now one of the wealthiest cities on Earth.
It is up to the countries that take the loans to decide on what infrastructure they think will be the beneficial long-term. Railway? Airport? Nuclear power plant?
Whereas IMF and World Bank have made loans to Africa with high interest and no debt write off deals in sight. That is an endless cycle. China loaned Pakistan billions on 0% interest for some projects. As I said, it's up to the government, which should have experts in leadership job to work out what is worth the risk/reward before taking the loan. India declined China offer recently for example.

（中国人的方式）更像是：如果你不能还款，我们就从你那获得一个一定年限的租约，来抵消你的债务。
斯里兰卡无力偿还中国，于是他们同意把一个港口租给中国90年。之后，斯里兰卡将永久收回该港口。中国还同意投资港口附近的农田，建立工业区。对那些深陷贫困的国家，这可能是个不错的交易。
一个有点牵强的例子：英国通过将香港变成一个战略港口使其富裕起来，后来又把它归还中国。如今的香港算是世界上最富裕的城市之一。

接受贷款的国家将决定，他们需要什么样的基础设施来从中获得长期利益。铁路？机场？核电站？
与之相反，国际货币基金组织（IMF）和世界银行向非洲提供没有抵消条款的高利率贷款。这就成了个无底洞。中国则为巴基斯坦的一些工程项目提供了数十亿美元的零利率贷款。
如我所说，接受贷款前，应该由当地政府领导层中的专家去分析、决定贷款的风险/回报是否值得。例如，印度最近就拒绝了中国的提议。

[–]838h920 
China loaned Pakistan billions on 0% interest for some projects.
The only loans I know of are 1-2% and also include additional agreements such as a guarantee in profit for investment in certain sectors of Pakistan. If these percentages (which may even be at 18%+) are not met, then Pakistan will pay what is missing.
So all these low intereset loans you see China giving out always come with some additional agreements, allowing China and Chinese companies to make a lot of money.

“中国则为巴基斯坦的一些工程项目提供了数十亿美元的零利率贷款。”
据我所知，巴基斯坦某些特定部门也只能拿到利率在1～2%的贷款，而且同样附带了诸如保证投资收益率的条款。如果未能达到该收益率（好像高达18%+），巴基斯坦就得补足差额。
所有你看到中国提供的低息贷款都有一些附加条款，以确保中国和中国公司能赚很多钱。

[–]Stussygiest 
As i said, if they fail to pay, they could maybe lease. They should have negotiated a contingency if they fail. Your not going to make a billion deal without thinking
So all these low-interest loans you see China giving out always come with some additional agreements, allowing China and Chinese companies to make a lot of money.
Well...yeah. Why else would China bother? It's up to the borrowing nation to work out if it can also benefit them = win-win scenario that China always talks about.
For example - Sri Lanka Gets a modern port. They also might get a new entire industry from surrounding areas/farmlands. They will also make money on any shipment that passes through that port after the 90-year lease.

如我所说，要是还不上贷款，他们可以用租约抵债。他们应该已经谈好了一旦违约的应急措施。不会有人没考虑好就签一个几十亿的合同。

“所有你看到中国提供的低息贷款都有一些附加条款，以确保中国和中国公司能赚很多钱。”
嗯……是啊，要不然呢？借贷方自己必须考虑清楚是否也能通过贷款获益——这才是中国人常说的“双赢”啊。

例如：斯里兰卡得到了一个现代化港口，他们甚至可能得到港口周边区域/农地上，一个崭新的完整工业区。90年租约到期后，他们就能对每艘驶经港口的商船收费。

China makes money/influence etc in return. I personally believe they are planning on selling mid-high tech products to countries close by. India, for example, is a huge consumer of Chinese Smartphones.
China sells tech products to poorer nations at a cheap price in return for farmed produce/raw material which China is desperate for in return.
China wants to do business, their economy is based on consumerism. Imagine you are China, wanting to do business with neighboring nations(to diversify your portfolio instead of relying 100% on the West), but they are financially and infrastructurally not ready? What can you do? Give them a helping hand while benefiting yourself is the most logical from my perspective.
China will sell electric bus, automated manufacturing, electronic goods, solar panel, wind turbine etc in return for manual labour like farmed foods, raw material etc. If it goes well and with good intentions, they could possibly boost the entire economy for the East + Africa drastically.
Let's just hope it does not turn out like Debeers/nestle/coca cola scenario.

作为回报，中国则从中获得利润/影响力等等。我个人认为他们正计划向周边国家出售中端产品。例如印度，就是中国智能手机的一个巨型客户。
中国向较贫穷国家出售科技产品，回报则是他们急需的农产品/原材料。

中国渴望做生意，他们的经济建立在消费主义之上。设想如果你是中国，渴望着与邻国进行贸易（以使客户多元化而非100%依赖于西方），但他们的经济、基础设施都还跟不上，怎么办？自己获利的同时也帮他们一把，在我看来是最合逻辑的做法。

中国将会出口电动公交车，自动化生产，电子产品，太阳能板，风力涡轮机等等，进口人工生产的农产品、原材料等。如果进展顺利、维护得当，他们可能会成功推动整个东非地区的经济繁荣。
让我们期待，这会是和戴比尔斯（钻石商）/雀巢/可口可乐……不一样的剧本。

[–]838h920 
I just said it because you said this:
China loaned Pakistan billions on 0% interest for some projects.
Which makes it sound like China was acting as some kind of charity.

我那样讲只是因为你说：
“中国则为巴基斯坦的一些工程项目提供了数十亿美元的零利率贷款”
把中国说得像个慈善家一样。

[–]Stussygiest 
I read it in some article which i honestly can't be bothered to find. Even at 1-2% it is still a good deal unless you know you cant pay back.
18% is high but it's not like China is forcing them. If you take out credit cards with high interest with zero financial budgeting, your stupid. Your also stupid if you didn't read the fine print.
If entire government workers are too stupid to read and budget before they agree without any contingency legal agreement, in case of none repayment. I don't know what to say.

那是我在什么文章上读到的，说实话我实在懒得去找了。就算1～2%的利率仍然相当不错了，除非你知道你还不了。
18%是很高，但应该不是中国的强制要求。如果你不做财务预算，就拿出高利率的信用卡来刷，那就是傻。不仔细读契约里的条文，那也是傻。
如果整个政府里都没人读条款、做预算，没有任何应急法律协议（比如万一无法还贷）就签合同，我就不知说什么好了。

[–]838h920 
The 18% is not a loan, but a guarantee on investment for Chinese companies in certain sectors and was part of the loan deal. So the actual % is somewhere between these 2 numbers. (And 1-2% is an extremly good deal. The currency probably dues faster than the interest increases the money owned)

18%不是贷款利率，是某些部门为中国公司开出的投资担保，也作为贷款协议的一部分。所以实际利率应该是在这两个数字之间。（1～2%的贷款利率的确是非常好的协议，货币贬值多一点都可能把它抵消掉。）

[–]sakmaidic 
Business is business...

生意就是生意……

[–]838h920 
Ofc it's. I'm just saying that China didn't just give Pakistan cheap loans.

当然了。我只是说中国并没有给巴基斯坦提供廉价贷款。

[–]Differentperspexs 
And the Chinese are the best at business.

而中国人最擅长做生意。

[–]Secret4gentMan 
"In particular, Chinese small arms and light weapons have spread rapidly since China is less inhibited by selling arms to countries in the midst of conflict than Western providers."
I nearly spat out my drink while reading this.

“由于在对冲突地区国家出售武器方面，中国相较西方供应商所受约束较少，中国武器特别是轻武器、小型化装备，正迅速在非洲扩散。”
读到这里，我差点把饮料弄洒了

[–]DatGluteusMaximus 
Really suprised me, never thought of any country coming close to the States in terms of small arms deals.

真是让我很意外，从没想到过，还有国家能接近美国小型武器的销售水平。

[–]OMGSPACERUSSIA 
Hmm, funny, when I said this was going to happen a few months ago a bunch of people mocked me, saying that China was different. China wasn't going to be a military colonial empire, exploiting Africa. They were just helping Africa out of the goodness of their hearts.
Turns out, China does what's good for China. China's turned the tables and is looking to come out on top. Turns out, China doesn't care who it has to climb over to get to the top.

嘿嘿，搞笑，几个月前我就预言会如此了，一堆人在那嘲笑我，说什么中国不一样。中国不会成为军事殖民帝国。他们是发自内心地想要帮助非洲。
结果，中国只想帮助中国。中国已经扭转了局面，看来就要拔得头筹了。结果，中国并不在乎会踩着谁登顶。

[–]CapitalismForFreedom 
Who said that? China has been an imperial power for millenia. The last century was no exception....
Your friends are morons.

谁跟你那样说的？中国的帝国历史上千年。上个世纪只是个例外而已……
你的朋友够白痴的。

[–]critfist 
China has been an imperial power for millenia.
You'd be surprised at the amount of people I've argued with that are adamant that China was never Imperialist.

“中国的帝国历史上千年。”
和我争论过，坚定不移地认为中国从来不是帝国主义的人有多少，恐怕会远超你的想象。

[–]SexpatRights 
Hmm, funny, when I said this was going to happen a few months ago a bunch of people mocked me, saying that China was different.
Bilateral deals to increase military involvement is not the same as colonialism. Either that or the US is currently colonizing Japan, Korea, Germany, Philippines ... etc

“嘿嘿，搞笑，几个月前我就预言会如此了，一堆人在那嘲笑我，说什么中国不一样。”
通过双边协定来加强军事介入和殖民主义可不一样。要不然，美国就正在殖民日本、韩国、菲律宾……等等

[–]Damocles2010 
They call it “Debt Diplomacy” - lend third world countries more and more money - up the interest rate to encourage defaulting - then demand that they hand over control of a port, airport or some other critical infrastructure. WHY does China need military bases anywhere other than China?

他们把这称为“债务外交”——不断把钱借给第三世界国家——提高利率从而鼓励违约——然后要求对方交出港口、机场或其它一些重要基础设施的控制权。中国为什么需要中国领土之外的军事基地？

[–]More__cowbell 
WHY does China need military bases anywhere other than China?
Probably same reason USA "needs" it.

“中国为什么需要中国领土之外的军事基地？”
可能和美国的原因差不多吧。

[–]duckshooter -
Just a few months ago, I got a lot of downvotes here when I claimed China was colonizing Africa and Pakistan.

就在几个月前，我因为宣称中国正在殖民非洲和巴基斯坦，被你们好一通猛踩。

[–]quantummufasa 
Pakistan?

巴基斯坦？

[–]MpVpRb -
Why should any country increase military presence in another country?
Have we all forgot the meaning of defense?
It's about defending the territory and population of your own country, not playing chess with the world

为什么一个国家要在另一个国家加强军事存在？
我们难道都忘了“国防”是什么意思？
国防是为了保护你的本国领土和人民，不是把世界当棋盘

[–]michael12312 
It's about defending the territory and population of your own country, not playing chess with the world
This hasn't been true in centuries. Like it or not, we really are still living in the Age of Empires.

“国防是为了保护你的本国领土和人民，不是把世界当棋盘”
千百年来，从未实现。不管喜不喜欢，我们仍然生活在帝国时代。

[–]MpVpRb 
So sad and wrong

好可悲～好荒谬～

[–]dolandonline 
China: I increased my military presence in Afffricaaaa

中国：“我要加强在非洲的军事存在～在～在～在～”

[–]Uncle_Rabbit 
Going to take all your resources diplomatically and there's nothing you can doooooooo.

“搞搞外交就能拿走你们所有的资源，你们只能干瞪眼～眼～眼～眼～眼～眼～”

[–]CCCmonster 
No complaints if they will just stop trying to use blinding lasers on US aircraft. Maybe investments and economic growth can bring stability to some of those areas.

只要他们别再用致盲激光对付美国飞机，我就没什么好说。或许投资、经济增长可以让这个地区稳定起来呢。

[–]ripperzhang 
China: I am late, working hard to catch up.

中国：“抱歉我来晚了，努力工作争取赶上各位！”