【雅虎】特朗普推翻奥巴马时代促进大学多样性的平权行动 [美国媒体]

The Trump administration has scrapped Obama-era policies promoting diversity in universities known as affirmative action.
Donald Trump’s decision has been viewed as an indicator the federal government may soon challenge Harvard University’s admissions practices and nudge other schools to shelve race-orientated policies

特朗普政府已经废除了奥巴马时代的政策，这些政策促进了那些被广知为的“肯定行动”的大学的多样性。
唐纳德·特朗普的决定被视为联邦政府可能很快挑战哈佛大学的招生，并促使其他学校搁置种族取向政策的指标。

The Justice Department announced it was revoking 24 federal guidance documents that it considered “unnecessary, outdated, inconsistent with existing law, or otherwise improper”.
Seven of those were documents issued jointly with the Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights under the Obama administration that called on school superintendents and colleges to think about race when making efforts to diversify their campuses.

司法部宣布撤销24份联邦指导文件，认为其“不必要的、过时的、与现行法律不一致或不恰当”——其中七份是奥巴马政府在教育部的民权办公室联合发布的文件，要求学校督学和学院在努力使校园多样化时考虑种族问题。

“Learning environments comprised of students from diverse backgrounds provide an enhanced educational experience for individual students,” the guidance reads.
“By choosing to create this kind of rich academic environment, educational institutions help students sharpen their critical thinking and analytical skills.”

“由不同背景的学生组成的学习环境，为个别学生提供了增强的教育经验。”该指南写道
通过选择创造这种丰富的学术环境，教育机构帮助学生提高批判性思维和分析能力。

The guidance comprises different methods to encourage diversity – such as giving admission preferences to students from specific schools based on demographics.
The Obama-era guidance replaced the Bush-era view that did not encourage affirmative action.

该指南包括鼓励多样性的不同方法，例如根据人口统计学给特定学校的学生提供入学优惠。
奥巴马时代的指导取代了布什时代的观点，认为这不鼓励积极行动

That guidance had been taken down from the government website during the Obama administration but it has now resurfaced.
Universities have already pledged to stick with their admissions policies in spite of the Trump administration’s plan to scrap the policies.
“Four decades of case law make clear that race and ethnicity can be one of many factors that universities can consider during the admissions process,” Peter McPherson, president of the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities, said in a statement.

在奥巴马政府期间，政府已经从政府网站上删除了这一指导意见，但现在已经重新浮出水面。
尽管特朗普政府计划废除这些政策，但大学已经承诺坚持他们的招生政策。
四年的判例法清楚地表明种族和种族可能是大学在招生过程中可以考虑的诸多因素之一——“公共和土地资助大学协会主席Peter McPherson在一份声明中说。

Academic affirmative action – referred to as positive action in Britain – is the policy of protecting members of groups that are known to have previously suffered from discrimination.
The practice involves favouring minorities during the admissions process in order to champion diversity and has long been seen as controversial in America

学术积极行动——被称为英国的积极行动——是保护先前已知遭受歧视的群体成员的政策。这一做法包括在招生过程中偏袒少数族裔，以争取多样性，长期以来在美国一直备受争议。
Civil rights groups see the Trump administration’s decision to axe Obama-era policies as linked to a broader effort to scrap affirmative action which has been upheld repeatedly by the Supreme Court.
However, the court’s support for the policies could erode when Justice Anthony Kennedy, a pivotal swing vote on the Supreme Court, retires.

民权组织认为，特朗普政府决定将奥巴马时代的政策与更广泛的努力挂钩，这项政策已被最高法院一再支持。而当最高法院的关键性投票Anthony Kennedy法官退休时，法院对政策的支持可能会削弱。

Mr Kennedy has cast decisive votes on the issue, penning numerous rulings supporting race-based college admissions policies.
His departure grants Mr Trump the opportunity to radically shift the balance of America’s highest court to the right.
During his tenure on the court, Mr Kennedy served as a critical swing vote amid the court’s split of four liberal and four cons

甘乃迪对这一问题投了决定性的一票，否决了许多支持种族主义的大学录取政策的裁决。
他的离职使特朗普有机会从根本上改变美国最高法院的平衡权。
在法院任职期间，甘乃迪在四名自由派法官和四名保守派法官的法庭上进行了关键性的摇摆投票。

JakeP2 days ago
Admission should be based on grades.
​
录取应以成绩为依据啦

SAT for college admissions was created because urban public schools cannot be trusted to grade based on competence or legitimate academic achievement. Social promotion still exists.

SAT大学因为城市公立学校不能根据能力或合法的学业成绩来评分。社会推荐仍然存在。

i agree. in that case, ivy league schools should be within modest people's reach, not just the rich.

我同意。在这种情况下，常春藤盟校应该在普通人的范围内，而不仅仅是富人。

it should be based on grades. But sometimes when you see where those grades came from, ie, you were expecting a white person to walk thru the door, and you see that it was actually a Black, Spanish, or Other, some times the rules no longer applies. First hand experience speaking.

它应该以分数为基础，但有时你得看到这些成绩是从哪里来的，比如，你期望一个白人穿过门，你就会发现它实际上是一个黑人，西班牙人，或者其他，
规则有时候不实用的，首长有经验说话……

I am a snowflaky democrappic libtard and I’m SO happy that I voted for Hillary Clinton and not for Donald Trump. So like the (+3 million) majority of Americans who voted for Hillary, I’m not responsible for the damage Trump, Pruitt, Bolton, DeVos, and the Republican party have done to our environmental and consumer protection laws, to our economy, and to our national security. I’ll be so happy when Trump’s finally jailed in Leavenworth found guilty of money laundering for the Russian mafia through real estate deals, and for the tax evasions that went with it. This is why we haven’t seen those promised tax forms. LOCK HIM UP! LOCK HIM UP!
Less

我是一个狂热的民主派，我很高兴我投票给希拉里 克林顿而不是唐纳德 特朗普。就像（+3百万）投票给希拉里的大多数美国人一样，对于特朗普，普鲁特，博尔顿，德沃斯和共和党对我们的环境和消费者保护法，对我们的经济所做的损害，我不负责任，和我们的国家安全。
当特朗普终于在莱文沃思被判入狱时，我会非常高兴通过房地产交易和俄罗斯黑手党的洗钱罪以及随之而来的逃税行为。这就是为什么我们没有看到这些承诺的税表。关起他！关起他！

DavidJosephDavidJoseph2 days ago
On the 4th of July, equality makes a return.... very appropriate.

在7月4日，公平地回归......非常合适

There is no "equality" here. It is just an excuse for White bigots to play racial match-making in the admissions process. As-Ams will be given priority since they are stereotyped to be the "most likely" to succeed in academics

这里没有公平，这只是白人偏执狂在招生过程中进行种族配对的借口。
 As-Ams将被优先考虑，因为他们被定型为“最有可能”在学术界取得成功。