中国可以制造精品“苹果”手机，为何“中国制造”依然毁誉参半？ [美国媒体]

Why are Chinese products of such low quality (other than iPhone being manufactured in China)?

中国可以制造精品“苹果”手机，为何“中国制造”依然毁誉参半？


1.    Michael Diliberto, eight years inChina, over half in third-tier cities; living, working, setting up businesses,and managing ...（迈克尔·迪利贝托，在中国工作生活了8年）AnsweredJan 15, 2014 · Upvoted by David Levy, Over 30 years in China Operations &Mfg Turnarounds
As asourcing professional in China, I can safely say that if I had a nickel forevery western manager that pulled out an iPhone during a discussion aboutproduct design or quality control in China, I would have retired a few yearsback. The comparison is inappropriate because the iPhone is not made in China. TheiPhone is assembled in China.  I couldjust as easily ship all of the parts, assembly and testing jigs, and productioninstructions to Vietnam, Italy, Mexico, or even the United States of America,and I would churn out identical iPhones to ones we assemble here in China. Theimportant distinction is that the iPhone is made from parts manufactured all ofthe world, but it was designed by a top team of engineers at Apple'sheadquarters.  Those engineers designednot just the iPhone, but also the methods of manufacture.  

我是一名采购专业人士，参与到了IPhone的产品设计和质量管控环节。我敢发誓，如果我在其中侵占了哪怕是一枚硬币的话，我早就要卷铺盖回家了。针对题主的提问，我要强调一下，这个问题本身问法就是错误的。这是因为，IPhone 压根就不是“中国制造”。IPhone只是“中国组装”而已。我们可以轻易的将IPhone的零部件，试验台及制造工艺指南移到别处。比如越南，意大利，墨西哥，甚至是美国。在这些新的地方，我们可以毫不费力的组装出IPhone。这件事情的真正要点在于说IPhone的供应链是全球性的，但是其设计确是由苹果总部的研发团队所主导的。这些研发团队不仅设计了IPhone，而且开发出了IPhone的生产工艺。

Theycreated tight tolerances between parts and found suppliers that could build tothat tolerance level; in some cases those suppliers are in South Korea or theUSA.  That same engineering team madetest jigs for the iPhone so that at each station of assembly a worker caninsert their sub-assembly into a jig, and get a simple green light (send phoneto the next station) or red light (kick out phone to the re-work line). Thatengineering team did all of the work of not just designing and engineering theiPhone, but also designing and engineering the complete production process. Theprocesses of designing for manufacture and process engineering are not nearlyas simple or easy as they sounds when I describe them in ten sentences.  

生产制造一款新产品，各个部件的质量本身是需要极其严格的管控的。然而，真实的制造环节与设计规格之间又很难达到百分之百的契合。所以这中间需要指定标准公差，以此来作为零部件质量安全冗余。IPhone设计团队会在全世界寻找能够达到标准公差水平的零部件供应商。通常情况下，这些零部件供应商大都来自于韩国和美国。IPhone的工程师团队会对这些零件供应商的零件进行测试，确保每一种零件的尺寸和性能都符合规格。如果该零件合格的话，会给这些产品开绿灯，然后继续向下流转。如若不合格，则会开启红灯，然后这些半成品会重新被打回生产线。IPhone的工程师团队不仅负责产品设计，也负责设计工艺流程，并对产品的生产进行全程的监控和管理。这些工作由我来说的话，不过超过十句话。但是，新产品的设计和生产的整个过程是非常复杂的。

Thenext question I inevitably get asked is what it takes to "build ourproducts like apple builds the iPhone". Ok, no problem.  But, first, lets look at some numbers.  Apple, according to their most recentearnings report spent just over a billion dollars in R&D costs. The iPhonemakes up about half of apple's revenue, so it would be fair to guess that theyallocated five hundred million US Dollars of R&D spend towards thedevelopment of the iPhone 5S (and 5C).  Even if we say that we could further dividethe cost (we probably can not, but hey suspend disbelief, we are on theinternet, after all) between the two phones released this year, that is stillallocating two hundred and fifty million US Dollars towards the research and developmentof a single phone. Divide again the costs between product development andmanufacturing, and that is one hundred and twenty five million US Dollars thatApple spent just to design the best way to make a phone. (And that is, Ibelieve, a conservative figure) Ok, now that we have the iPhone question out ofthe way (can you tell I have given this speech before? Exiting soap boxnow...), lets get to the meat of this question, which is, "Why are Chineseproducts of such low quality", which, by the way, is a massive question,but one that can be stated simply: 

接下来，可能有人就要询问我——那如何才能做到像IPhone团队这样设计产品呢？好吧，某种程度上来说，这是可以做到的。但是，我们先看看基本的数字，之后再来讨论这个问题。根据苹果公司最近的财报，公司花在研发上面的成本投入，大约只是10亿美元而已。
IPhone系列产品的盈利几乎达到了苹果公司盈利总额的一半。所以，我们大概也可以估算，苹果公司在iPhone 5S 和IPhone 5C上的开发成本大概是5亿美元。我们还可以对这两款产品在进行一下成本细分，也就是说，每一款产品的研发投入大概是2.5亿美元。我们继续细分下去，鉴于产品本身的开发是分为产品结构设计和工艺设计，所以，单纯的花在IPhone一款产品的结构设计方面的资金是1.25亿美元。针对这一点，我觉得有关于这个数字的估算可能还是有点保守。好了，现在我们可以回答之前的问题了——为何中国的产品的质量很差?老实说，这是一个很严肃的问题

Mostfirms spend way too much time thinking about WHAT they are making and notnearly enough time thinking about HOW they will make it.  A little background on Chinese manufacturing(in general!): 
Letsassume for a minute that you are asking why Chinese firms turn out poor qualityproducts on their own. Not all factories do. Some factories, especially thosethat have exported products on their own or worked as contract manufacturersfor western firms will consistently and without excessive guidance turn outhigh quality product. However, there are an equal number of factories that willturn out anything you ask them to produce, defaulting to minimum cost andminimum quality unless otherwise specified. There are number of factors here that are worth exploring: 
First,and foremost, Chinese domestic market consumers generally (it's changing, butfor now) go for either the best product or the cheapest product.  So if you are not making the best, you areracing to the bottom to make the cheapest.

大多数的中国公司都是花费大量的时间思考“他们制造的那个东西”，而不是花在“未来应该如何设计”。接下来我要谈谈中国制造业的整个发展的背景，其内容如下：
我们来做个思想实验。我要先说明一下，虽然不是所有的工厂都符合我们这个思想实验的假定，但是绝大多数还是大致匹配的。我所指的大多数工厂，主要是那些凭借自己公司的实力，向西方出口产品，或者是按合同为西方生产产品的公司。这些公司很有实力，能够独立的生产出高质量的产品。但是，除此之外，还有相当数量的公司会为了得到订单而走向反面，他们会按照供应商的要求来对产品进行改造，弄虚作假，降低成本，降低质量。这些公司很值得好好来探讨一下。首先，中国目前的消费市场比较极端，需求非常两极化，最好的产品和最烂的产品都有市场。当然，现在中国的整体的消费水平都在提升，消费者的消费偏好正在不断升级，但是，其升级的速度还不够快。所以，如果一家工厂制造的产品还不够好的话，那么只能去生产最廉价的产品，这样才能有销量。

Chineseconsumers are not generally looking at quality; it is assumed that if you wantquality, then you buy the best one; otherwise just buy the cheap one.  So manufacturers are not rewarded for making incrementallybetter products. On top of this race to the bottom mentality is the attitude ofcustomer service taken by some mainland firms. Since production costs are very cheap, and few people generally call tocomplain about their cheap products, the customers that do complain of issuesare usually given new product by the supplier. 

中国的很多消费者对于产品质量的要求并不高，这里有个基本的潜规则——如果你想买质量好的产品，那么多花钱去买贵的产品吧。否则，你用低价格买了产品，那你就不能对产品要求太高。所以，这些公司不会因为将产品质量提高了那么一点而得到任何的报偿。在这场竞争中，很重要的一点是各个公司对待客户的态度。产品的价格通常都很低廉，所以大家对质量通常都不报太大的希望。所以，如果产品出问题，大家也都能谅解，很少有抱怨的。但是，如果有的消费者很计较的话，一定要讨个说法。那么，公司通常会直接给客户更换一个新产品。

Chinais one of the few places where a supplier having to replace a defective productseveral times is tolerated by consumers, and in the eyes of some suppliers,this is not an issue. Lastly, with lax enforcement of a lot of product safetyrequirements, many Chinese domestic suppliers become accustomed to cuttingcorners where possible. Plastic too expensive? Add some re-grind material backinto the hopper.  

你们知道吗，世界上有些地方，如果消费者不满意的话，你需要为其更换产品，这是很正常的。但是在中国，如果因为质量问题，你连续为客户更换几次产品，客户基本都不会有太大意见，这在全世界都是很罕见的。也就是说，中国消费者的容忍度特别高。所以，因为消费者的纵容，在很多中国公司看来，产品质量问题本身没有那么可怕。最后，我要再说一点，很多产品生产过程中，监管部门执行不力，导致安全标准无法被有效落实，最后导致很多中国工厂习惯于去对产品进行减配。你们说塑料太贵？没事的的，加一点“碎料”进去。

Solderhard to work with? Use the one with lead in it, as it flows better. Price ofcopper rising? Get thinner printed circuit boards. You get the idea. So letscontinue the discussion of Chinese products that are made and imported intoanother country. Here is an example. Meet Joe Blogs, American Entrepreneur. Joe heads over to the consumer electronics show with his idea for anawesome mp3-o-tron.  Joe, knowing that heneeds to get his product made in China as his start-up is lean on cash, headsover to the Asia pavillion and meet with some more polished Chinese suppliers,probably from the pearl river delta region. They show some examples of otherproducts they made before, and Joe finds a supplier that made a similar enoughproduct that he believes they can make his mp3-o-tron.  Also, their prices are a lot more reasonablethan some of the other vendors he has met at the show. After reviewing Joe'sengineering drawings and documentation, the supplier explains that it is muchcheaper to have Joe modify their existing cassette-tape-o-tron into hismp3-o-tron, since Joe didn't have any design for manufacture work done, nor hadhe done any process engineering. 

焊接无法正常连接？加铅就可以了，这样的话，流动性更好。铜价上涨了，电路板布线印刷的时候，印制的薄一点。你们现在明白了吗？好了，我们继续讨论中国的产品出口欧美国家的情形。有一个例子，详细情况，可以参考乔治先生的博客。他是一个美国的企业家。乔治先生携带着他的MP3设计图样，去中国参加了一个消费电子展。乔治先生知道他的MP3未来将会在中国制造。他带着现金，去了亚洲的展会。他与一些供应商进行了会面，这些供应商主要来自于珠江三角洲地区。这些供应商向乔治先生提供了一些样品，这些样品是他们以前制造的。乔治先生发现有一家公司制造的MP3与他的设计的产品有很多相似点，因此，便有了合作的意向。而且，这家公司报价也很合理，比之前几家公司的价格都低。在看了乔治先生的工程图纸和文件之后，供应商建议以之前的磁带播放器的图纸为基础，重新修改乔治先生的设计，这样的话，成本将会大幅下降。乔治先生之前没有任何生产制造业的工作经验，也没有做过工程设计。

The supplierexplains that they have produced millions of cassette-tape-o-trons, and haveironed out the issues, so this is the safest route to take.  So, Joe goes along for the ride. Unfortunately,the cassette-tape-o-tron is a Chinese domestic market product, which means ithas not passed the rigorous testing that exported product might have beensubjected to. FCC approval? UL? Lead in the solder? Lead in the plastic? Haveany of these tests been done? The biggest issue is that Joe doesn't know toask, and the supplier doesn't know it will be an issue. A few prototypes later,the mp3-o-tron is not looking all that great. There are performance issues withaudio playback, and on top of that, three of the ten prototypes that Joebrought back from his last trip stopped working, one right in front of acustomer.  

供应商向乔治先生解释说，他们已经制造了数以百万计的磁带式播放器，几乎已经将可预见的问题都解决了，所以，这个方案是目前最稳妥可靠的。既然如此，乔治先生便决定去一考察一番。然而，很不幸的是，磁带播放器是一个在中国国内销售的产品，这就意味着，该产品还没有经过进出口产品质量检测。联邦通信委员会认证？美国保险商试验所认证？焊料铅含量标准认证？塑料铅含量认证？这些测试都做了吗？问题就在这里，由与乔治缺乏经验，他就没想到要问这些事情，而供应商也没想到这些认证将会带来大的麻烦。在试生产样本之后，乔治先生发现MP3并不令人满意。MP3播音质量不高，更要命的是，乔治带回的十个样品中，有三个停止工作了，其中一个最尴尬，在给客户演示的时候出的问题。

Joecalls the supplier to complain, and the supplier says "no problem at all,I will give you three new ones when you get back here".  Joe is not pleased.  When Joe's customers ask about FCC approval,Joe just nods and makes mental note to ask his supplier; surely they know thathis product needs FCC approval to be sold in the USA, right? Costs keepmounting as Joe demands approvals, testing, certification.  RoHS, fair trade, you name it.  The supplier keeps raising the price, but Joebalks.  "Lower the price or we arenot buying mp3-o-trons from you!". The supplier obliges, but where did they save the cost? fake chips?thinner than specified printed circuit boards? Tin screws instead of stainlesssteel? 

乔治打电话给供应商，他要求供应商给个解释，供应商却说“没问题，你下次来的时候，我们再给你三个新的”。乔治很不开心。当乔治的客户询问该产品是否得到联邦通信委员会认证的时候，乔治只是点点头表示已经通过认证。回过头来，马上给供应商打电话。当然，这个供应商肯定知道如果出口到美国的话，需要得到联邦通信委员会认证，对不对？当乔治提出需要产品认证，产品测试及合格证明的时候，供应商开始提高报价，但是乔治要进行争辩——把价格降下来，不然我们不会从你那里买MP3了，当然，最终供应商屈服了。但是，你不觉得很奇怪吗，供应商是怎么降低成本的呢？假的芯片？更薄的印刷电路板？用锡制螺丝代替不锈钢？

UnlessJoe is testing for each of these possibilities, Joe is at risk for unapproved componentsubstitutions. The first containers of mp3-o-trons finally arrive in theUSA.  The costs were higher thanbudgeted, they just barely passed all of the certifications required for salein the US market, and are of dubious quality. Joe, not having budgeted for hisown QC team to be on site at the factory during production has had to rely onthe supplier to confirm the quality of his goods.  Soon word gets out about the mp3-o-tron;  another low quality Chinese product.  But how did we get here? That journey, as youcan see, is not that simple.

除非乔治对这些情况中的每一种都做出检测，否则，他不会知道这产品里面究竟有哪个环节被改掉了。第一批的MP3到达了美国，成本比预计还是高了一些，这些产品只是勉强通过了市场销售认证，但是其产品质量本身是难以保证的。乔治没有钱来为这些产品做质量检测，只能靠供应商在生产过程中的质量管控了。好吧，我们现在不谈MP3了。看到没有，这就是一款中国低质产品的诞生过程。我们怎么扯得这么远了？回到正题吧。正如你所见，一款低质产品的诞生绝不是一个很简单的事情。

1.1       Peter Barney（彼得.巴尼）Jun9, 2016 · 1 upvote
Youhave successfully pounded the last nail in the coffin of every inventor thathad dreams of bringing his invention to market. Clearly, these waters are deepand only safe for very large manufacturers to navigate.Is there any help forthe small-time inventor in his garage who just wants to get his product tomarket?

很多创新者都想做自己的产品啊，看了你的说法，真是让这些创新者很绝望呢。这里面水很深呀，看来中国只是适合那些大的玩家纵横驰骋。请问，你有没有什么建议，能够对那些非职业的创新者有所助益呢，帮助他们将概念产品推向市场。

1.1.1       Michael Diliberto, eight years in China, over half in third-tiercities; living, working, setting up businesses, and managing ...（迈克尔·迪利贝托，在中国工作生活了8年）Jun9, 2016 · 1 upvote
Notmy intention to make anyone give up on their dreams of bringing a product tolife. Making product in China is challenging but certainly not impossible; manypeople, myself included, make products in China every day and I can assure youI'm nowhere near a company of apple’s size. To answer your question, yes thereis a lot of help for the prototypical investor in a garage that wants to bringa product to market; most of my writing and advice is aimed at that audience. Atthe most easiest, there are agencies that broker manufacturing services, notjust in China but US, Europe, Mexico, etc. these brokers are a great place tostart, as they add a lot of value (provided it's the right broker) forgenerally a small amount of additional overhead (typically 3–5% of FOB ordervalue).

不好意思，很多创新者想要将产品概念变成实际的产品推向市场，我的本意并不是要阻止他们这样做。在中国制造产品本身是有一定的挑战性，但也不是不可能的。包括我自己在内的很多人，每天都在中国制造产品，我可以像你保证，我的公司的规模比苹果公司小了好几圈？我来回答一下你的问题，确实有一些方法来帮助这些新创业者，将产品推向市场。我以下写的内容，主要就是面向这部分读者的。最容易做的事情，就是找相关代理机构，这不仅在中国是适应的，在美国，欧洲，墨西哥等地都是适应的。借助于这些经纪人的帮助，你的产品开发便有了一个良好的开局，这些代理机构会为客户带来额外的价值。

Harderbut manageable is heading over to China and working with manufacturers on theground. The costs are a lot more reasonable than most people think; youraverage sourcing trip can be kept to $1,000 to $2,000 per week as long asyou're booking coach flights and reasonable hotels. A lot of people start withthe former and work their way into the latter; gradually taking the reins fromtheir broker, agent, or salesperson as they become more comfortable with theins and outs of life on the ground in China (or wherever you end up).

接下来可能有点难了，那就是前往中国，与中国的生产制造商在生产一线一起工作。这样做的话，其实很划算，其费用比一般人想象的要少得多。如果你预定的机票及酒店相对合理的话，那么你每周的花费大概是1000至2000美元。很多人最初依靠代理商的帮助，后来逐渐过渡到参与产品的生产制造流程中来，他们从经纪人，代理人或者是销售人员那里争取到了越来越多的权益，最后慢慢的适应了这种合作模式，从而开启了他们职业的新天地。

2.    Rueben Marley, Voice Actor（吕本·马利，配音演员）AnsweredMar 27, 2015
Here'sthe thing... most of us already know that many of the world's top brands havetheir parts made in China... but what we don't really think about is the factthat those same components would never fetch the same price in today's market,if they were branded as Chinese products.Branding is the issue here, notproduct quality. Sure, there's plenty of rubbish being manufactured in China,but there is a huge (and from a global brand marketer's point of view,insignificant) market absorbing that stuff. So that brings us to the otherthing... which Chinese companies will be the first ones to take it in theshorts as they pull out all the stops and and actually fund the launch oftop-quality goods with a Chinese label? It would definitely start an instantturf war in the global market, as far as dominant western brands go. They sureas hell don't want China competing with them. At the same time, Chineseconsumers will be hesitant to trade in their western brand loyalty for a shotat supporting the new Chinese brands that come at the same price.

我来谈谈这个问题吧。我想，很多人都知道，世界上的各个大的品牌在中国都有协作工厂，帮助他们生产产品。但是，有一点我们可能没有注意，相同的零组件制造的产品，如果贴的是中国品牌的话，在相同的市场上，永远都不会卖出相同的价格。品牌是一个至关重要的问题，问题在品牌，而不是质量。确实，中国工厂生产了很多的垃圾产品，但是，从全球的视野来看，这些产品也都是有销路的。所以，我们应该换个思路来思考这个问题——中国哪些企业将会成为第一批创建自主品牌的企业呢？如果这一天到来了，那全球市场将风云突变，西方的占据统治地位的行业恐龙将会面临残酷的竞争。这些西方大企业肯定不希望中国公司来与他们竞争。同时，如果中国的企业以相同的价格与西方公司争夺市场，而中国的很多消费者又比较偏好西方品牌，这种情况下，中国消费者对于支持国产品牌多少都会有迟疑的吧。

Mostlikely, the government will continue injecting money into pet projects thatrepresent the goals laid out by the Party's current five-year plan. I don'tknow how long it will take for the "Made in China" tag to lose itsnegative connotation with the general public, but in time Chinese brands willslowly emerge from the shadows. When that happens, it will be extremely easyfor companies in China to produce top-quality gear... because they have alreadybeen doing it for some time now!I suspect it won't be too long before futureQuora questions are along the lines of: "When did China suddenly startmaking top-quality products?"

更大的可能是，中国将投入巨资，扶植中国企业，通过一个个五年计划的形式来扶植中国企业建立品牌。我不知道中国究竟要花多久的时间才能摆脱“中国制造”粗制滥造的形象。但是有一点我可以确定，那就是中国的企业将会从阴影当中一点一点的走出来。当这一切都发生的时候，对于中国企业来讲，生产高质量的产品将是一件非常容易的事情，因为他们已经有了丰富的经验了。我大胆的猜测，到那个时候，quora的用户将会提出新的问题，那就是——“中国是何时开始生产高质量的产品的”？

3.    Gabriel Chan, Overseas Chinese（华侨）AnsweredDec 7, 2015

YOUCAN ONLY PICK TWO:
ManyMade in China products and services fall under the yellow and blue circles,because that's what people want, and that's how China's manufacturing had beeninitially been configured for. These products are poor quality because that iswhat was expected. 
Butnow, there are more people picking red and blue, or red and yellow. One suchexample is high-speed train sets. These are the people who continue to thinkall Chinese products are poor quality:

​
  
上图所示，你只能选2个：
大多数的中国产品和服务落在了黄圈和篮圈交界上，因为目前市场上的需求就是这个样子，这也就是中国的制造业最初所从事的工作。这一部分的产品质量很差。但是现在，越来越多的消费者选择红色和蓝色的色块（质量高，价格低），或者红色和黄色（质量高，速度快）。其中的一个例子就是高速列车，如果你依然认为中国的产品质量很差，我将送你一幅画，看看下面：



3.1       Anshul RanjanDec8, 2015 · 3 upvotes including Gabriel Chan
Andnot to mention, the long time top notch electronic devices (Lenovo/IBM Thinkpad, Apple, Dell, Nokia) and many more are actually manufactured in China.
It's not about "Made in China". It'sabout what you buy that was made in china. What Chinese manufacturing gave ishell lot of options to choose between the Yellow, Red and Blue circles above(and many times making you believe a non-red product as a red produt)

你说得很对，除了高速列车，还有其它的长航时的设备，联想/IBM的个人电脑，苹果，戴尔，诺基亚。当然，还有很多其它的设备也是属于“中国制造”。这个锅不应该由“中国制造”来背负，这取决于你到底如何去选择你的消费偏好。中国制造的产品为你提供了上图中黄红蓝色块之间的很多的选择，多到让你不敢相信。有的时候，甚至会出现速度极快，价格极低的次品，但是，你使用起来，这些次品的质量却能好到让你以为它是良品的程度。

3.1.1       Gabriel ChanDec8, 2015 · 2 upvotes including Anshul Ranjan
"Designedin California" justified the markup and "Made in China"magically disappears.

是的，比如产品上面有“加利福尼亚设计”，但是，“中国制造”的标签却消失了。所以，你懂的……

4.    Hans Pond（汉斯.庞德）AnsweredJul 8, 2016

Youmean this? A crappy Chinese car get bumped by a German bicycle? This pic wentviral.The reality about this picture is that the bike in the right is made inChina. GAMMAX is a Chinese brand. And the car in the left is said to be aCh*vr*let by appearance, a US brand. So it's a Chinese bicycle that has betterquality than an American car?No, can't say that. A rigid car body does notalways provide maximum safety to its passengers. And the wheel of a bicycle isvery rigid by its circular design. So I won't surprise if a bicycle wheel isstronger than the body of a car.


  
你说的是这个吗？一辆糟糕的中国车被一辆德国的自行车撞瘪了？这张照片流传甚广。这张照片的真相是右侧的自行车是中国制造的。GAMMAX是一个中国的品牌的自行车。而左边的则是一个美国品牌的轿车。所以，这个图能说明什么？能说明中国的自行车比美国的轿车质量还好吗？不，我们当然不能这样说。坚硬的汽车外壳并非总是能为乘客提供最安全的保障。事实上，自行车的车轮在设计生产的时候，选择的就是非常坚硬的钢材。所以，如果一辆自行车的车轮比汽车的车体外壳还要硬，我不会感到奇怪的。

Thispic shows two things: there is a widespread prejudice about quality of MiC, andquality is a difficult and complicated issue that really depends on manyfactors. And China produces the most in the world, in numbers and in varieties.That also includes low quality and counterfeits products. This country is not apolice state(Chinese police don't even carry a gun!) and in many cases thecentral government failed to control every aspect in this vast land. Maybe fewrealize that, but for example, in fact the genuine Samsung or iPhonesmartphones and their copycats are both made in China. What puzzles me is that,there are foreigners who paid quite a lot to travel to China. Intentionally goto some counterfeit markets that even locals are not familiar with. Then bargaina counterfeit Rolex for 20 USD. Use it in a hardcore way and soon it stopsfunctioning. Finally blame it for low quality. But why don't you buy a genuineone in the center of that city in the first place?

这张照片说明两个事情：
（1）大家对中国制造都有着普遍的偏见，产品质量是一个很复杂的问题，这取决于很多的因素。
（2）中国产品遍布全世界，无论是数量还是质量，都非常的惊人。这些既可以包含低质量的产品，也可以包含高质量的产品。中国并不是警察国家，中国警察甚至不带枪，在很多时候，中国也无法对社会的各个方面进行控制。可能很少有人意识到，事实上，三星手机或者是苹果手机以及他们的“盗版”都是由中国制造的。最让我觉得奇怪的就是这个事情了——很多老外去中国旅游，他们通常喜欢去一些假冒商品市场，这些市场通常很偏僻，甚至很多当地人对这些市场都不甚了解。然后这些外国人会和当地商贩讨价还价进行打折，最后用20美元买个假的劳力士回去。当然，这个产品很快就报废了。这个时候，再去责备质量低下，这合理吗？你们为何不在城市里面的专卖店买个新的呢？

Finally,I don't think anyone would just believe a country could have become THE factoryof the world by just producing low quality products. And I don't think thepeople of your country are all craving for low quality products so that theimports for China has been always rising. The best way to buy is to ask forhigh quality and pay the rightful price. But anyway they are mostly from China,where the cost of manufacturing is still among the lowest for all sorts ofproducts, good or bad.

所以，你想想看，如果中国制造都是低质量的产品，中国怎么可能成为世界工厂呢？我不认为哪个国家的消费者会一直都是想要低质量的产品，消费偏好总会改变，要求会更高，所以中国的出口一直在增长。最合理的做法是针对于那些高质量的产品，就要舍得付出高价格。但是，你要记住，即使高质量的产品，依然是来自于中国。

5.    Luis M. Gonzalez, lives in Buenos Aires, ArgentinaAnsweredDec 12, 2016（路易斯.冈萨雷斯）
Youprobably entered a coma 15 years ago and woke up today. I understand, all thedirt cheap things came from China and they didn't last long.But, today,everything is made in China. When I say everything, I mean the good and the badstuff. Your cellphone, your laptop, your A/C unit, your TV, most parts of yourcar, tools, machines, everything. You may be fooled into thinking that justbecause you consume American or European brands you're not buying Chineseproducts. Think twice. The brands may be American or European, but thefactories are in China. You know Apple, right..? China.Today, China is thefactory of the world.Right now there's a clown in the U.S promising to get allthe outsourced jobs in China back to the U.S. Get ready to see a massivefailure.

15年前，你就进入了一种昏迷状态，今天，你醒了。我知道，所有的糟糕的东西都是来自于中国，并且他们持续的时间并不长。但是，现如今，所有的产品都是由中国制造的。当我提到“所有东西”的时候，我指得是那些个人手机，笔记本电脑，你的空调，你的电视，你汽车中的大部分零件，工具，机器等，一切的一切，都是“中国制造”。你可能被愚弄了，你以为你买的那些美国或者欧洲品牌的产品不是“中国制造”，图样图森破。这些产品品牌可能是属于欧洲或者是美国的，但是他们的工厂都是在中国。你知道苹果，对不对？苹果的产品也是“中国制造”的。几天，中国是世界的工厂。然而，在美国，却有一个小丑（川普），他却承诺要将已经外移到中国的工作重新带回到美国。搬着板凳，我们等着看他闹笑话吧。

6.    AThomas Mathew, worked at China（艾特豪玛斯.马修，在中国工作）AnsweredDec 10, 2016
Ifthere is something I have realized after my stint here in China is that if youwant to buy a product that is “MADE IN CHINA”, then it's best that you buy itfrom China itself. The quality and build of the product is much better thanwhat will be be sold in your own country. The fault lies not with China butwithin ourselves, or our traders who have come to realize that our expectationsof a product, as a consumer, is abysmal. We are ready to buy any cheap knockoffproduct as long as its cheap !!
Thisreminds me of a friend of mine who imported hardware products from China. Itwas the first time he was doing business with a Chinese firm. He wasnegotiating the price of the product.
TheChinese seller said, “5 USD unit price !!”.This is was a competitive quote buthe wanted to see if he could get a better price.“How about 3 USD unit price?”
“Ok !”
Whoa…that was too easy.
“Sorry i misspoke, I meant 2 USD unit price”
“Ok. No problem”

我曾在中国工作，在我离开一段时间以后，我有了新的领悟——如果你想买“中国制造”的产品，你最好去中国买。在中国买的东西的质量比在你自己国家买的东西的质量要好得多了。“中国制造”质量低下，这个锅不应该让中国来背，而是应该由我们的贸易商来背。因为，在交易商看来，我们国家的消费者就只喜欢这种次品。我们愿意去买次品，只要次品足够便宜。这让我想起了我朋友的一个经历，他从中国进口硬件产品，那是他第一次与中国的公司开始做生意，他与交易商就产品价格进行了谈判。我将他们的谈判过程简述如下：
中国厂商：每个五美元
我朋友：三美元怎么样？
中国厂商：OK，没问题
我朋友：啊啊啊……唉唉唉……，不好意思，我口误，其实我说的是2美元，但是不小心说成三美元了。现在，我认真的说，我只想出2美元。
中国厂商：OK，没问题

Myfriend was ecstatic, he had had just closed a killer deal with huge profitmargin.
Acouple of weeks later, his shipment arrives. He excitedly opens the shipment,only to find that the product was sub par quality and poor finishing. Heangrily rings up the Chinese seller in order to complain.
“You've cheated me!! This wasn't the quality you assured me. …”
TheChinese guy coolly replied
“You pay USD 2/ unit price, you get USD 2 quality product. You wantgood quality product, you pay USD 5/ unit price !!”
Stumped…..

我的朋友实在是太开心了，他刚刚在一次交易中居然化身“价格杀手”，为自己争得了巨大的利益。几周后，他的货柜到货了。他激动的打开了那个货柜，结果发现产品质量很差。
他很生气，打电话给那个中国出口商，想要讨个说法。下面是对话内容：
我朋友：你居然骗我，这个产品的质量与你承诺的不一致。
中国交易商：你付出两美元的价格，得到两美元质量的产品，你想要好的质量的产品，你需要付5美元。
我朋友: …… （呆若木鸡）

7.    Giovanni Siano, A businessman living a parallel artistic life.AnsweredDec 13, 2016
Myexperience with China Made products span since 1988 when my company startedexporting talc mineral out of GungXi. China back then was VERY different fromwhat some of you may have seen in recent times. We had quite a lot of problemswith those mineral exports but the quality was there, just the refinement levelof exporting things it wasn’t. We went to visit the mines in some remote areaof GuangXi and the working methods back hen were really backward. NowadaysChina is manufacturing construction and mining machines which are quiteadvanced, and some are even the tallest/biggest/highest in the world.After the1988 experience we have exported for 17 years Chinese made products of variouskinds and it has often been a pain since Q.C. has always been a serious issuein China. mentality and quality/look issue are quite different and some detailswhcih for Westerners might be important for a Chinese are not.

我与中国的交往经历是从1988年开始的，当时我们公司的滑石矿都是从中国广西进口的。当时的中国与你现在所看到的中国可是完全不同的。在进口滑石矿的过程中，出了很多的问题。这些产品质量很一般，都是粗加工的水平。我们去这家矿场考察了一番，他们是在广西很偏远的地方，当时他们的条件真的是非常落后的。今天，中国正在进行庞大的基础设施建设，他们制造并使用大量的机器。这些设备都非常先进，很多设备甚至都已经达到了世界的最高水平。回想当年与中国做生意的经历，从1988年开始，我们前后交往了17年之久。大多数的时候，产品质量的问题都非常让人头疼。在很长的一段时间里，“中国制造”的产品的质量都有这很大的问题。当时，以我的观察来看，西方的制造公司和中国的公司对待产品质量的态度有很大的区别。质量对于西方公司来说更加重要，而中国的公司则不甚重视质量问题。

Mytoday experience with Chinese made products is very mixed. I buy things here inMalaysia which are often piece of crap! They barely last one week. I triedbuying a table top water heater and it was given three months of warranty! Itmeans that the thing would have gone “kaput” in 91 days. But this is what theysell here because the local businessmen only import crappy products. If I go toUSA or Europe and even Korea and Japan I can find China made products of decentand good quality. So, as many are saying, you pay peanuts you get monkeys. Theproblem China is even now it’s that is becoming expensive. Quality madeproducts, especially in certain mechanical or hydraulic sectors, are notconvenient and many Western companies have abandoned the China market with abitter taste leaving factories empty and the number of failed Joint venture ison the increase.

今时不同往日，最近几年我与中国产品打交道的经历则要复杂曲折得多。我在马来西亚会购买一些产品，这些产品的价格真是“地板价”。他们大概都只能用上大约一周的时间。我买了一个电热水加热器，大约也就用了三个月左右。这就意味着，这个东西使用了91天之后，就要报废了。这就是“中国制造”在当地的情况，但是，这些产品之所以会出现在这里，是因为当地的进口商只进口这种廉价的低质次品。如果我去美国，欧洲，韩国，日本的时候，我找到的“中国制造”的产品质量都是很高的。所以，俗语常说——一分钱，一分货。
现在的问题是，“中国制造”的产品不仅不再廉价，甚至开始变得很贵了，这种现象在机械和液压领域尤其明显。西方很多厂商饱尝苦涩，开始放弃中国的市场，只留下空荡荡的厂房，西方“失意者”的数量还在继续增加。

Otherissue, although improving, it’s the design. Chinese manufacturing company (andAsian in general except for Korea and Japan) do not ant to invest in design andengineering because to make good stuff you start from good design, so the finalproducts are affected. The trend is changing so you see company like HuaWeibecoming leaders and even surpassing western. Leica lenses on theirphones..WOW!! Other is DJI making over 60% of all drones in the world and adefinite market leader, and so on…

另外一个现象是，尽管中国产品的质量在不断的提高，产品设计方面依然还是有问题。中国的制造业公司并不愿意去投资于产品概念设计和工程设计。然而，想要好的产品，必须要有好的设计，所以，这些公司生产的产品质量依然堪忧。但是，也有一些好的现象正在发生。你能看到华为成为了行业的领导者，在通信领域，华为甚至超越了西方。华为的手机用上了莱卡镜头，产品质量很让人惊艳。另外一个例子就是大疆无人机公司，世界上百分之六十的无人机都是大疆公司生产的，当然，类似的还有很多的例子……

8.    Jon Bohmer, Inventor（乔恩. 玻姆，发明家）UpdatedDec 9, 2015
Youmean iPhones or plastic Christmas trinkets? The Chinese will make whateverquality you need, given that you are willing to do rigorous quality control andare willing to pay more for better quality.In Africa we have a saying thatChinese factories sort their output in three bins. Bin A, the best quality, isfor Europe and the US. Bin B is for sale in China, while bin C goes toAfrica...

你指的是圣诞树还是塑料玩具？中国将会为你提供任何质量的产品，前提是你要为此支付更高的价格。在非洲，针对中国产品，我们有一个说法：一等产品卖欧美，二等产品自己用，三等产品卖非洲……

9.    Jay Kim, Hedge Fund Manager & Asian Investment Explorer（乔伊.今姆，赫奇基金经理，亚洲风险投资者）AnsweredSep 26



It isan old antiquated notion of China tracing back to a time when domesticmanufacturing was cheaper vs. anywhere else in the world.This is all changingas we speak.I recently had the pleasure of hosting Kevin Kelly (co-founder andsenior maverick of Wired Magazine) as a guest on the first ever How To InvestIn Asia Virtual Summit. Kevin’s been following China for decades. According toKelly, China is five or so years away from creating some sort of technologythat is world class, that will become a household name, very similar to how theJapanese created the Sony Walkman back in the 70’s which went on to becoming ahousehold product owned globally. I absolutely 100% agree with Kelly here. 

“中国产品质量低下”，这是一个过时的说法，这个说法还要追溯到当年中国为了在世界上争夺市场，残酷进行价格战的时代。当我们现在谈论这件事情的时候，时代早已改变了。凯文凯利先生是《连线》杂志的联合创办人，最近几十年来，他一直在关注中国。最近我有幸参加了他的一场演讲会，内容是关于如何投资亚洲的。根据凯文凯利先生的说法，中国大概还需5年左右，就能创造出一批在技术上达到世界一流水平的企业，这些企业将享誉世界。这和上个世纪日本崛起的时候类似，日本在上个世纪70年代创造了索尼品牌，后来索尼成为了家电业的巨头。在这一点上，我百分之百的同意凯文凯利的意见。

Chinahas had it’s ups and downs and growing pains which always accompany the type ofexplosive growth it is experiencing but as the country matures I believe wewill definitely see some exciting innovation that will become a global standardfor consumers. One of the first things that popped into my mind when ponderingpotential technology to fit this bill is the drone technology coming out of DJIbased in Shenzhen. DJI or Dà-Jiāng Innovations Science and Technology Co., Ltdis a Chinese technology company headquartered in Shenzhen which is arguably themarket leader in drones and aerial photography systems right now.
In afew years time I believe drones will be commonplace in every household and whenthat happens the “Made In China” DJI drone might just be the world’s best. Ifyou are interested in hearing more about what Kevin Kelly told me and learningabout the exciting opportunities in Asia you can attend the How To Invest InAsia Virtual Summit for free (at least for the remaining days/sessions thisweek if you register here!

中国历经沉浮，挺过阵痛，已经到了爆发性增长的前夜。中国现在正处在这样的进程当中，随着国家的进步和成熟，我确信我们将会看到很多激动人心的创造由中国人来完成，而这些创新将会成为全球新的标准。我能想到的第一个这种创新类型的企业，是中国的大疆无人机公司，大疆公司位于深圳，全称是“大疆创新科技有限公司”。大疆公司现在已经成为世界民用无人机及航空摄影行业的领导者。再过几年，我相信无人机将将会进入千家万户，当这一切实现的时候，“中国制造”的大疆无人机将会成为世界上最好的无人机。如果你对于凯文凯利先生的演讲内容感兴趣的话，你可以免费参与这个虚拟高峰会。

10.        Tom Chandler, Sourcing andtechnology transfer with Chinese industry for 2 decades（汤姆.钱德勒，从事采购和技术转移，在中国工作20年）UpdatedJun 7, 2016
Ioffer my comments, reflecting on my experience, which likely includes mywestern capitalistic bias.Most of what I am about to write concerns olderChinese industry , certainly not applicable to the newer electronics and cellphones and such built in China. This story is just one small microcosm ofglobal business. I have spent the past 17 years working with Chinese factoriesto supply raw material for our US factories. The sources of this unique productfrom US are all closed or out of business in this market, so I have spent muchtime in China at many factories, uating technical capability, manufacturingdiscipline that I am familiar with here in US and Europe. 

我提供一个我自己对于中国的观察视角，当然，我是站在西方资本主义的立场上来讨论这个问题，所以可能会有我个人的偏见。我所描述的主要是中国的比较老的工业企业，不包括最新的电子产业和手机工业。接下来我要讲的故事是全球化的背景下，商业发展的一个缩影。在过去的17年中，我一直在和中国的工厂合作，合作的内容是向美国的企业提供原材料。原本这些材料是由美国公司提供的，但是这些公司后来都陆续的关闭了，所以，我就来到了中国。我在中国的很多家工厂之间游走，评估他们的技术能力，管理水平。我之前在美国和欧洲做过类似的工作，所以，针对这些方面，我早已经驾轻就熟了。

Also,I have looked in Europe, Eastern Europe, India, and Korea and have a fairlywell drawn picture of global capability north of the equator with respect tothe industrial product I am sourcing. I see considerable variation incapability and performance in the Chinese mills around the country. In general,much of the equipment was imported from closed US factories or bought new fromJapan, or Europe, etc -- these were mostly state owned mills. My experiencewith the state owned mills can be summarized in the basic lack of initiative toimprove by most of the managers and technical staff. They had low pay and noincentive to improve and optimize processes ( continuous improvement), as Ihave been so familiar with here in US , so at some times quality would be OKand other simple cosmetic issues that could be fixed quickly in a motivatedwestern mill would never be addressed. I met with a lot of good, knowledgeable,and capable professionals, but the lack of initiative could never sustain aneffective continuous improvement program needed to produce consistent highquality materials.

当然，我也查看了很多欧洲，东欧，印度及南韩的公司，我对北半球此类产品布局进行了极为细致的研究。在这20年中，中国各地的工厂的能力都有了很大的变化。总体上来说，中国的生产设备有几个来源。美国很多工厂关闭了，留下来了很多的设备，中国工厂便将这些设备购买了回来。此外还有日本，欧洲等地方，都是中国工厂生产设备的来源地。我谈到的这些工厂，大多数都是国有企业。我与国有企业的接触，总结起来就是国有企业的管理人员和技术人员收入很低，他们对于生产工艺技术的改进非常的缺乏积极性。然而，这和我在美国所熟知的状况完全不同。就西方的工业体系而言，在某些时候，工厂生产出来的产品质量是基本可靠的，偶尔如果出现一些小问题的话，因为西方工厂有着良好的刺激的机制，也能够被很快的解决掉。我遇到了很多秉性纯良，学识渊博，很有能力的专业人士。但是因为缺乏主动性，无法为工厂提供持续的，有效的改进，这样的话，也就无法生产出质量高且性能稳定的产品了。

Privatizingsome of these state own factories is changing the picture as the Chinese govtseems to be grasping and utilizing the positive and best parts of capitalism tothe advantage of the industrial sectors in China. One of the old state mills Iworked with was privatized and failed fairly quickly, because the work culturewith management was not taught to deal with "the new way" . On theother hand , some private factories managed by a profit motivated managementare dong quite well with respect to quality, factories are beautifully laid outand there is understanding of the value of product quality.

后来，中国推行了国企的私有化，这一局面得以改善，中国充分的抓住并利用了资本主义的优势，利用制度的变革来促进生产率的提升。与我曾经有过合作关系的一家国有企业很快就被私有化了。然而，因为这家国企遗留了老的工作作风，不能够适应新的市场环境，所以最后很快就破产了。另一方面，很多私有企业通过改进激励机制，成功的实现了飞跃，他们很好的适应了新的环境。这些企业生产的产品质量很高，工厂布局很合理，他们充分的理解了“质量就是生命”这一格言的含义。

As afinal point (my opinion only), many Western buyers and corporations were drawnto China many years ago by the extreme relative low labor cost and were able tomake marked improvements in profits by purchasing VERY low cost materials fromChina. AND they were blindly willing to accept lower quality than they wouldfrom their own US factories, and so the Chinese factories weren't pushed forfear of rising prices. In this event, the western capitalistic greed forprofits actually promoted lower quality to be acceptable in Western markets.Acrossthe world, we are all beings of the human race, with similar abilities tolearn, to make mistakes and even fail, with no one country or race better orworse than anyone else. We are all driven by our motivations, whatever they maybe. I am still learning, probably at a faster rate than ever until my time runsout.

最后还有一点需要说的地方，很多年以前，很多西方的人和公司来到了中国，他们被低廉的劳动成本，廉价的材料所吸引，他们想要从中国赚取利润。他们为了利益，完全不顾这些产品的质量低于美国生产的产品质量，欣然接受了“中国制造”。因为中间的价差很大，所以有的时候中国公司提高产品价格，他们往往不会有什么心理压力。在这个故事里面，贪婪的西方的资本主义的企业为了利润，纵容中国的厂商生产低质量的产品，最终，这些劣质的产品也慢慢的为西方消费者所接受了。从全世界来看，我们都是人类，有着近似的学习能力，我们都会犯错，甚至会失败。没有任何国家或民族比其他更好，当然，也没有更坏。我们都被我们自己的本能所驱使，尽管有的时候我们对本能其实也并不是很了解。我依然在继续学习。我的学习技能不断提高。我将一直努力。