海外出生的日本人在日本不被认为是日本人吗? [美国媒体]

Are overseas born ethnic Japanese not considered Japanese in Japan?

海外出生的日本人在日本不被认为是日本人吗?





Don Murray, 10+ Year Expat; 35 Year Japanophile
Answered May 15, 2016
This is actually a big gray zone for Japanese, and behaviors can vary. Legally you may be a Japanese citizen - but that doesn’t mean that you will be treated as such when you return to Japan. You have to speak, act, and think as all the other Japanese do. If you show some streak of independence, or some ability to behave outside of the Groupthink, you could be branded an outsider. Likewise if a number of Japanese think that your English (or other language) ability is “too good”.

对于日本人来说，这是一个很大的灰色地带，而且行为也会有所不同。你可能从法律上说是日本公民，但这并不意味着你回到日本后就会受到这样的待遇。你必须像其他日本人一样说话、行动和思考。如果你表现出一些独立性，或者一些群体思维之外的行为，你就会被认为是一个外人。如果一些日本人认为你的英语(或其他语言)能力“太好”,那结果也是一样。（被看成是一个外人）

This is not limited with people born outside Japan - there are a number of people who have grown up or spent some years outside of Japan due to a parent’s job assignment, etc., then return home to Japan (called kikoku shijo, 帰国子女) and then have to re-assimilate into Japanese culture. For some, being shoehorned into an education system based on rote memorization and little critical analysis, it can be quite stifling and oppressive. Severe bullying is not at all uncommon if you stand out in any way. In Japanese culture you will see a very strong envy complex (urami) and society has been described as everyone sitting at a round table, looking at everyone else and seeing if there is anything “unfair”.

这不只限于在日本以外出生的人,很多人因为父母的工作原因在国外长大或在外面待了很多年也会出现这种情况。他们归国后不得不再花费时间融入日本文化。一些人会被钉在死记硬背的教育体系中，很少能有批判性的分析，这可能是相当令人窒息和压抑的。  如果你以任何方式显现出与众不同的特质都会导致严重的欺凌。你在日本文化中会看到一种非常强烈的嫉妒情结(Urami)，在这个社会中每个人都必须完全同步。 布尔，你会时常看着其他人，看是否有什么“不公平”的事情发生。

If you look like a foreigner in Japan, then you are treated like one. It’s that simple. Doesn't matter how well you speak Japanese or know the customs.
If you look like the Japanese enough but don't know the language or customs enough to pass yourself off as one, you will get by only as so far as you don't speak to anyone or by social interactions show that you are not.

在日本，如果你看起来像个外国人，那你就会被像一个外国人一样对待，就是这么简单。无论你日语多流利、多了解当地风俗都不重要。如果你长得像个十足的日本人但却不懂语言或习俗好让自己装的和其他人一样，那你就只能不和任何人说话，也不参加任何社交互动去暴露出这一点。

If you look Japanese enough and know enough language and customs to pass yourself off as one, you can get by until sooner of later you are found out as not Japanese (employer background checks, etc).

即使你看起来是个十足的日本人，并且懂得足够多的语言和当地风俗习惯好完美的伪装成日本人 ，但总有一天当地的户籍调查也会让你原形毕露，被发现不是真正的日本人(雇主背景调查等等)。

Then it gets more hazy where some more progressive Japanese don't care and treat you as an equal, and the more uptight conservative ones will make it as issue and start treating you differently.

当一些进步的日本人不关心（你的背景）并把你当成普通日本人平等对待时，你的身份问题会变得更加模糊。但保守主义者会把这当作一个问题，并以不同的方式对待你。

David Sodeyama, Get surprised that I'm not from Japan a lot in Japan
Answered May 14, 2016
I'm assuming we're going past the spoken, written and body language barriers (meaning they wouldn't be able to tell by accent,  etc.) because if you can't do that, you are not going to be considered Japanese. 
It depends on how aculterated to the current Japanese culture the person is. There are some parts of the world where there are enough Japanese recent immigrants in the community that it's easy to keep recent with what's going on in Japan.  Especially because of the Internet, this has become easier and easier to 
do.

假设我们已经超越了口语、书写和身体语言障碍(意思是他们不能通过口音来辨别)，因为如果你做不到这样做，你就不会被认为是日本人。这取决于你对当前日本文化的了解程度。世界上有一些地方的社区里住有足够多的日本移民，很容易就能了解日本最近发生的事情。尤其是互联网的存在已经让这变得越来越容易了。

However, if they become more assimilated to the culture of their residency and lose touch, then they are considered "of Japanese descent but not really Japanese." 
The ironic thing is that for example, Japanese Americans kept a lot of the cultural practices of the previous generations, to the point when someone wants to learn Japanese practices of the past, they study Japanese Americans and how they behave. 

然而，如果他们被自己居住的地方的文化同化失去了与日本的联系，那么他们就会被认为是“日本血统，但不是真正的日本人”。“具有讽刺意味的一个例子是，美裔日本人保留了前几代人的许多文化习俗，以至于如果有人想学习日本过去的习俗，他们会去研究日裔美国人和他们的行为方式。

Also, for some Japanese, you can be born, raised and lived in Japan all of your life but because of your past heritage, you still are not Japanese. This is a really stupidly us vs them part of Japanese culture.

另外，对于一些日本人来说，你可以在日本出生、长大、一生都生活在日本，但由于你过去的遗传，你仍然不是个日本人。这是一个非常愚蠢的日本文化的一部分。

Takayuki Karahashi
Answered May 14, 2016
If your parents are Japanese, but you were born in a foreign country and you return to Japan, you are not an immigrant. You’re Japanese.
But if your parents immigrated to Brazil, and you were born in Brazil as a Brazilian citizen, you are Brazilian. You have Japanese ancestry, so you are eligible for a Japanese ancestry visa if your grandparents were Japanese citizens. But you’re Brazilian, and there’s really no conundrum about it.

如果你的父母是日本人但出生在外国，现在又回到日本，那你就不是移民而是货真价实的日本人。但如果你的父母移民到了巴西，你也以巴西公民的身份出生在巴西，那你就是巴西人。所以如果你的祖辈是日本人，你就有资格获得日本血统，但国籍上讲你是巴西人，这没有什么难以理解的。

What you may not know is how competitive Japanese society is. You have to get good grades in school and pass the exams to get into the better and more prestigious school, so you would get the job at the more prestigious—more importantly, higher pay—corporation or qualify for a career track national government job instead of becoming a municipal civil servant. If you grew up in a foreign country and didn’t go through the same competitive rat race as your peers and expect to receive the same treatment in the work force, no you’re not getting that. That’s really the gist of “Are you not considered Japanese if you didn’t grow up in Japan?” It starts off as something as basic as, “Can you write a simple business email in Japanese?”

你可能不知道的是日本社会竞争激烈，你必须在学校取得好成绩，然后通过考试才能进入更好、更有声望的学校，这样你就能得到更有声望的工作，更重要的是进入有更高薪酬的公司，或者有资格获得一份国家政府部门工作的职业发展规划，而不是成为一名普通的市政公务员。如果你在一个外国长大，并且没有经历过你的同龄人一样充满竞争性的老鼠赛跑，就算如此你还期望在劳动大军中获得同样的待遇？不，你得不到的。这就是“如果你不是在日本长大，你不被认为是日本人吗？”这句话的主旨。它从一些基本的东西开始，比如：“你能用日文写一封简单的商业电子邮件吗？“

Alvin Hovasapian, I visit Japan very often and traveled extensively within the country
Answered May 14, 2016
Are overseas born ethnic Japanese not considered Japanese in Japan?
No, “overseas” born Japanese are not considered Japanese in Japan. At least that’s been my overwhelming experience. In fact, most Japanese people I know, including my wife, differentiate between “Japanese” and “Japanese American.”
Also, one doesn’t have to be born “overseas” to no longer be considered Japanese. I’ve heard stories of a Japanese person living in another country and going back to Japan after a prolonged time to find out that they are considered as a foreigner。 

海外出生的日本人在日本没有被认为是日本人吗?不，“海外”出生的日本人在日本不被认为是日本人。至少我的亲身经历如此。事实上，我认识的大多数日本人，包括我的妻子，都把“日本人”和“日本裔美国人”区分开来。而且，一个人哪怕不是在海外出生的也有可能不再被认为是日本人。我听过一个故事是说一个日本人在另一个国家住了很长一段时间后回到日本，被母国的人认定成外国人的事。

This is very different compared to many other nationalities. For example, I’ve known many second or third generation Chinese Americans who consider themselves to be Chinese who just happen to have US passports.
I can see benefits of both styles so I am not making any judgements here.

这与许多其他国家的情况非常不同。例如，我认识许多第二或第三代华裔美国人，他们认为自己是中国人，只是碰巧持有美国护照。我可以看到两种形式的优点，所以我不会在这里做任何评判。

Johnny Smith, lives in Japan
Answered May 21, 2016
If you don't act like a typical Japanese, they will likely sense it and start treating you differently. Or even if you were very “Japanese”, only mentioning the fact that you were born in a different country will somehow make you different from the more “pure” Japanese who were born and raised in Japan and never left the country, even if there’s no real difference between the two. Not everyone does this, if they are more liberal and progressive then they will not likely care all that much, but many still do.

如果你不像一个典型的日本人那样行事，他们可能会敏锐的察觉出来并开始以不同的方式对待你。或者即使你是“日本人”，只是你出生在一个不同的国家，就会让你不同于那些在日本出生和长大，而且从来没有离开过这个国家的“纯”日本人，即使两者之间没有真正的区别。并不是所有人都这样，如果更自由、更进步的话他们就不会那么在意这个，但很多人仍然如此。

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