拍摄恐怖片时应该要避免什么？ [美国媒体]

What are some things to stay away from when making a horror movie?

拍摄恐怖片时应该要避免什么？


Ace Allaterre
Answered Wed

Ace Allaterre
星期三回答

I think there are a few different things.
Put a lot of effort into making your monster/villain truly terrifying. I can’t tell you how many horror movies I laughed at because the antagonist was so poorly designed and/or over the top. Only a few have stuck with me- such as the Nun from the The Conjuring 2-
and the Lipstick-Face Demon from Insidious.

我认为有几个不同的东西。 
投入大量的精力让你的怪物/恶鬼是真正的可怕。我不知道我因为反派的糟糕设计而嘲笑了多少电影。只有极少数吓到了我 - 比如“招魂2”里的修女。

 

还有“潜伏”里的红脸怪。

 

They terrified me in their subtlety, in their approach, and in their power. Which brings me to my next suggestion:

他们的微妙、他们的方法和他们的力量使我感到恐惧。这就引出了我的下一个建议：

Avoid loud jumpscares. A powerful soundtrack will create that tense atmosphere without the sudden crashing when your protagonist(s) first encounters the creature. Sometimes it’s in that double take that our fear kicks in. More specifically- don’t have that obvious build up. Part of why those two films still stick with me is because I didn’t have a proper warning for the appearance of these characters. The Nun crept in from the shadows, and Lipstick-Face literally popped up out of seemingly nowhere in a kitchen full of our protagonists. It was one of the first times I’ve ever had that fear of ‘I could look away from something for a mere second, and the minute I turn back this Thing will be there.” Still kind of sticks with me, to this day.

避免明显的jump scare（译者注：恐怖电影和游戏常用的技术，通过图像或事件的突然改变来惊吓观众，通常伴随着大声的恐怖声音）。当你的主人公第一次遇到这种生物时，强烈的背景音乐会营造出紧张的氛围。我们有时会陷入这种双重的恐惧中。更具体的说，这发生的十分突然，而不是有一个明显积累过程。这两部电影至今仍然惊吓着我，部分原因是我对这些人物的出现没有一个恰当的预警。修女从阴影中爬了出来，红脸怪在我们的主角都在的厨房里不知道从哪冒出来了，这是我第一次有“我把目光从一个地方移开一秒钟，然后我一转身，那个东西就在那里了”的恐惧。

Try to avoid the obvious cliches. Chris Williams mentioned in an earlier comment about cars not starting, people splitting up, a character constantly tripping over absolutely nothing. I 100% agree.

避免那些明显的陈词滥调。Chris Williams此前曾提到的汽车无法启动、人被切开了、角色不停的被不知道是什么的东西绊倒都是。我100%同意。

If you’re having kids in the film, don’t have the parents ignore their “imaginary friend” for no reason. Most families actively know of a child’s imaginary friends, and will ask questions about them. If the parents aren’t, there’s also a chance that the teachers may. Basically- don’t have parents ignore abnormal behavior in their kid unless you’re going for the angle of terrible parents.

如果电影中有孩子，不要让他们的父母没有任何原因的忽略他们“想象的朋友”。大部分的家庭都会积极关注孩子想象中的朋友，并会问他们一些问题。如果父母没有的话，老师也可能会。基本上，除非父母是糟糕的父母，否则不要让父母忽视孩子的不正常行为。

Don’t establish a character’s personality, and then go completely against their traits later in the film. For example- if a character is an athlete, I doubt they would suddenly lack the ability to outrun the creature in question. Character growth is understandable- or perhaps previously unmentioned talents such as karate or chess skills. But don’t make it so unrealistic a shift that it almost completely diminishes the characters you’re introducing.

不要建立一个人物的个性，然后在影片的后期完全违背他们的性格。举个栗子，如果一个角色是个运动员，我怀疑他们是否会突然间就跑不过那个生物了。角色的成长是可以理解的 - 或者是之前没有提到的天赋，比如空手道或象棋技巧。但不要让它变得如此不现实，以至于你介绍的角色几乎完全改变了。

Finally, an addition: have your characters try to use some common sense solutions. Don’t have them be simply careless- make it a force of habit to lock the door, keeping the keys in one’s pocket. Maybe introduce some small clever ways to try to “fight”- a knife blade as a mirror, physically trying to trip the antagonist and get the upper hand. Your audience is likely far from dumb, and always looking for new ways to enjoy horror films. If you introduce some common sense solutions and still find a way for the antagonist to win, your audience will leave the theater that night with an even deeper feeling of dread. And- if you’re really good at it- even after several years, when they close their eyes, your monster/murderer/malevolent will still be the figure leering at them whenever they close their eyes or hear a ruffling in that shadowed corner of the hall.
Good luck~!

最后，再加一个：让你的角色尝试使用一些常识性的解决方案。不要让他们如此的粗心大意 - 让锁门成为一种习惯，并把钥匙放在口袋里。也许会引入一些巧妙的方法来“战斗” - 用明亮的刀片来做镜子，试图去绊倒对手并取得优势。你的听众可能很聪明，总是在寻找新的方式来享受恐怖电影。如果你引入一些常识性的解决方案并且仍然找到方法让对手获胜，那么你的观众就会带着一种更强烈的恐惧感离开剧院。而且- 如果你真的擅长的话- 就算数年之后，当他们闭上双眼，或者在大厅的阴暗角落里听到一些声响，你的怪物/凶手就会出现在他们的脑海里。
祝你好运~！

Trevor Farrell
Answered Thu

Trevor Farrell
星期四回答

The number one thing to put above everything else: Keep the on-screen time of your antagonists to a minimum.
I cannot stress this point enough. The human mind is more than capable of summoning the very greatest of nightmares. But the longer you stare at your antagonist, the less otherworldly and the more manageable it becomes.

最重要的一点是：让你的反派出现在屏幕上的时间越少越好。
我不能强调这一点。人类的思维更能召唤出最可怕的噩梦。你看反派的时间越长，他越不像从另一个世界来的，也更加可控。

Knowledge is the primary opponent of horror. The more you know about your enemy, be it in real life or in film, the less scary it becomes. Stare at a picture of even the scariest malevolent entity for long enough, and it becomes quite a bit less intimidating.
Meanwhile, the more successful horror franchises deliberately obstruct the audience’s view of the antagonistic forces at work as best as they possibly can.

知识是恐惧的主要对手。你越了解你的敌人，不管是现实生活还是电影中，你就越不害怕。盯着哪怕是最恐怖邪恶的东西，只要时间足够长，也就没那么吓人了。
与此同时，很多成功的恐怖电影尽最大努力故意阻碍观众对反派的观察。

A few examples:
In “The Babadook”, the eponymous antagonist is only visible during something like 2 minutes out of the 94 minute long movie, and every second of it is heavily saturated with foreboding German expressionism.
In “Amnesia: The Dark Descent”, your protagonist is outright penalized for staring at monsters for too long by his own paranoia and phobias: he begins whimpering and trembling; the camera blurs or shakes, and in turn, the monsters become more aware of your presence. This discourages the players from spending too long staring at the enemies, and which in turn keeps them scary for the duration of the game.

举几个例子：

 

电影“鬼书”中，在94分钟的时长里，反派只出现了2分钟，而且每一秒都充满了着严重的不详的德国表现主义（译者注：起源于一战前的德国）。

 

在“失忆症：黑暗血统”中，主角因为自己的偏执和恐惧而长时间盯着怪物，因而受到惩罚：他开始呜呜声和颤抖; 相机模糊或摇晃，反过来，怪物变得更加意识到你的存在。 这阻碍了玩家花太多时间盯着敌人，而这反过来又让他们在此期间感到恐惧。

Meghna Pradeep, Strong believer in the power of words
Answered 22h ago

Meghna Pradeep，坚信文字的力量
22小时之前回答

The next time I see a horror movie with the following, I'll just switch to looking at the mirror instead, because the view will be scarier than these overdone clichès:
1) Poor but huge family moves into a new house. The dog suspects something is wrong and then dies dramatically.
2) ‎The youngest child who is eccentric, strikes up a friendship with the ghost while the parent is like "aw, precious." Take the kid to a child psychologist, please.
3) ‎Weird things happen around the house but uh-oh, the family can't move out. Why? *random reason either involving bills or soul possession*
4) ‎A strong burst of emotion or love suddenly defeating the all-powerful devil who was just going to kill everyone minutes ago. Like seriously, shouting at ghosts makes them go away? 
5) Person who suspects ghost is behind the door takes forever to open it and then finds nothing. Honestly, I'd just run away or call somebody if I suspected the slightest paranormal activity *cough* behind any doors that could potentially release ghosts.
Happy ghost-hunting and for Christ's sake, do not ask "Who's there" to a ghost because he isn't going to be like "Hey ma'am, just trying to possess you. Hold on, let me get a knife before you point a crucifix at me."

下次我看到有下面那些内容的恐怖片时，我会仅仅转向去看镜子，因为这样看到的东西比那些陈词滥调更可怕：
1）贫穷但庞大的家庭搬进了新房子。汪星人察觉到了异样，然后戏剧般死了。
2）最小的孩子是古怪的，与鬼魂建立了友谊，而父母的表现像“哦，宝贝。”请带孩子去看儿童心理医生。
3）古怪的事情发生在房子的周围，但那个家庭却不能搬走。为什么？*随机的原因，没有钱或者灵魂附身了*

 

4）突然的情感爆发或者爱，在魔鬼将要杀死所有人之前打败了他。像真的一样，对鬼魂大喊让他们离开？可能吗？
5）看到鬼藏在门后的人要花很长的时间开门，然后发现什么也没有。说实话，如果我看到任何可能释放鬼魂的超自然活动在门后咳嗽，我会立马跑开或者叫人。
祝你捉鬼玩的愉快，而且看在基督的份上，不要向鬼问“谁呀”，因为他不会像“嘿女士，我仅仅是想上你的身。等一等，在你把十字架指向我之前，让我先去拿个刀子。”这样。

Tavera Del Toro, A horror fan
Answered Sat

Tavera Del Toro, 恐怖片粉丝
星期六回答

No more zombies or vampires, at least for a few years. These monsters are goodies but overdone, time to get creative.
If your film is going to have sex scenes please at least make it revelant to the story, if teenagers are camping or at a cabin, then the scantily clad girl “suddenly” feeling an urge to dance naked while the serial killer sneaks up on her is lame.
Please, dear god, don’t have a robust monster who rips through walls with a claw,suddenly falls backwards when a 80 lbs kid or small woman punches or kicks it in that dramatic fight ending. Nope, not going to happen.
Don’t stab a person in the eye, groin, gut and needlessly slowly yank their “latex” body organ out in slow motion, if your film has to use fake blood by the oil tanker, you might want to work on that screenplay, or consider doing medical documentaries…

最近几年不要再有僵尸和吸血鬼了。这些怪物是好东西，但过度了，是时候来些创意了。
如果你的电影要有不可描述的场面，请至少让它和这个故事有关的，如果青少年在露营或在小木屋里，衣着暴露的女孩“突然”感到一种裸舞的冲动，而后连环杀手偷偷溜到了她身上，这是一种蹩脚的行为。
天哪，请不要让一个用爪子穿墙过户的强壮的怪物，当一个80磅的孩子或小女人推他或踢他时却突然摔倒了。不，这不会发生的。
不要去刺一个人的眼睛、腹股沟和内脏，然后完全没必要的慢慢的把他们的“乳胶”身体器官拉出来，如果你的电影必须使用假血，那么你可能要改编一下你的剧本，或者干脆做一个医学纪录片算了。。。。