为什么中国患病率这么高？ [美国媒体]

-------------译者：龙腾翻译总管-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

davey2100 于 14小时前 * 发表
Oops title should be WHY is there so much illness in China!

哎呀，标题应该是“‘为什么’中国患病率这么高”！



Only been living in Shenzhen for 5 months and already on my third illness! Headache fever soar throat etc. More sickness than in the past 15 years of my life in just 5 months.

只在深圳呆了5个月，然而我已经是第三次生病了！头痛、发烧、喉咙肿痛等。这5个月生的病比我过去15年生病的次数还多。

But it's not just me. People at work both Chinese and Western seem to be off sick quite a lot and there there are always people coughing or looking tried/worn out.

但不是只有我这样。我在工作中遇到的人，不管他是中国人还是西方人，似乎常请病假，人们总是在咳嗽，要么总是一脸疲倦/疲惫不堪的样子。

Why is this? What is it about China causing this? I'm kind of getting tired of it.

为什么会这样？中国有这种现象的原因是什么？我是真的有点厌倦这样了。


-------------译者：yanina-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

–]whyNadorp 105 指标 6 天前* 
No idea... the air is clean as on the mountains they follow the best practices while cooking street food hygiene is one of the national priorities... it must be something else. Don’t tell me you drink cold water??? Stop immediately that’s very bad for health.

不清楚... 这里的空气像山上的一般洁净清新。街边小吃店的食物也是严格遵守食品安全和卫生标准的，卫生是这个国家的优先事项之一... 肯定有其他原因。别告诉我你喝冷水？？？立即停止做，那对身体很不好。

[–]Hockeyhoser 28 指标 6 天前 
You’re right. Everyone is eating too much wind I suspect. And A/C.

你说的对。我怀疑每个人是吸入太多污浊的空气了，还有空调吹太久了。

[–]nikatnightUnited States 11 指标 6 天前 
Guaranteed OP is one of those idiots that keeps his windows closed in winter. /s

我敢肯定贴主就是那种会在冬天关窗（不通风换气）的傻吊。

[–]Anteupbruh 10 指标 6 天前 
bad for healthy*

对健康有害。

[–]SentientCouchUnited States 37 指标 6 天前* 
Several factors compounded. Just spitballing here but:

是多种因素混合导致的。在这说明一下：

1) strains of bacteria and viruses to which your immune system has never been exposed
2) poorer personal hygiene habits among the population you're now surrounded by - people sneezing and coughing openly into confined spaces not washing hands with soap or meaningful frequency (and then handling the things you touch and the food you consume) etc.
3) the large dense population you now find yourself in makes transmission of contagious disease far easier
4) an immune system weakened perhaps by a change in habits habitat and possibly pollution levels

1）你的免疫系统接触到了之前从未接触过的细菌和病毒。
2）你身边都是些个人卫生习惯较差的人们——人们公然在密闭的空间里打喷嚏、咳嗽，不用肥皂洗手或不大洗手（然后用手碰你会吃的食物，摸你会用的东西）等等。
3）你发现自己身处人口密集的地区，这使得传染病的传播变得容易多了。
4）可能因习惯、生活场所以及污染程度的改变使得你免疫抵抗力下降。

[–]maomao05 4 指标 6 天前 
Maybe you have a bad immune system.

可能是你的免疫力差。

[–]-IntoTheVoid- 4 指标 5 天前* 
Public spitting non-flushable toilet paper that leaves excrement exposed to flies and insects ignorance of the germ theory of disease which impacts personal hygiene (particularly hand washing with soap after using a bathroom or before food preparation) inadequate public water filtration and contaminated plumbing limited and ineffective food safety regulation undisciplined use of antibiotics which has resulted in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria and higher rates of particulate matter in the air which facilitates airborne transmission of some pathogens.

在公共场所随地吐痰，未冲掉的一次性厕纸留下的粪便暴露在满是蝇虫的环境里，对影响个人卫生的病菌知识很无知（特别是便后和餐前要用肥皂洗手），公共水过滤不到位，受污染的水管，有限且无效的食品安全监管，滥用抗生素导致的细菌耐药性，还有空气中颗粒物含量较高，这些都有助于某些病原体的传播。

China is still a developing country and it takes time education and infrastructure to improve issues related to unsafe water sanitation and hygiene. It's also one of the most densely populated countries on Earth which compounds these issues. You should expect to fall ill more often under such conditions.

中国仍然是个发展中国家，且教育和建设基础设施以改善不安全的饮用水、不安全的卫生环境和个人卫生问题是需要时间的。同时中国又是地球上人口最稠密的国家之一，这些多重因素导致了患病率高这个问题。在这样的情况下，你会更易生病。

 -------------译者：龙腾翻译总管-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

[–]choppinwood 11 指标 3 天前 
Because there's a billion people and a large percent of them are filthy. They aren't educated to cover their mouth or bury a cough/sneeze into a bended arm. On any public transport its a competition to see how far you let shit fly from your body and into the air and on others. Every surface has been covered in snot piss and shit and you are touching it all day everyday. Nowhere has soap to wash your hands and if there is a bottle it's had water added so many times it's now just water. Companies don't like it when employees call in sick. They'd rather have you come in and spread it to everyone. I could go one for a while but ill leave it there. Moral of the story is wash your hands more often drink more hot water and your healthy will day day up.

因为中国有10亿人口，且他们中大多数人都比较邋遢脏乱。他们没被教育过在咳嗽或打喷嚏时要用手捂住嘴或是朝着你弯曲的手臂咳嗽或打喷嚏。在公共交通场合，他们像竞赛般比谁能将（病毒和细菌）喷向更远的空气中和距离自己更远的乘客身上，你每天接触到的事物表面上都沾满了鼻涕、尿液和粪便。哪里都没有肥皂可以用来洗手，即使有瓶洗手液，但也因为多次加水稀释后面变得就只是水了。公司不喜欢员工们请病假，他们宁愿让你带病上班然后把（细菌病毒）传播得到处都是。在这点上我还能继续讲下去，但我就说到这儿吧。这故事告诉我们要常洗手、多喝热水，这样你的身体就会越来越健康。

[–]TheNatureBoyUnited States 3 指标 3 天前 
Parasites factory waste in the air factory waste in the water antibiotic resistant super bugs in the water facilities dust (technically cancerous 2.5 ppm even though it's naturally occurring from people moving around) brake dust from the cars all of these things get concentrated into the plants and animals you eat millions of people in cites from all corners of the world and weakened immune systems from anything above.... Did you try drinking hot water?

寄生虫、工厂排出的废气废水、供水设施中抗生素耐药性超强的虫子、灰尘（严格来说是致癌的PM2.5颗粒物，尽管人们的来回走动会造成灰尘飞扬）、和小轿车刹车时产生的粉尘，所有的这些都会聚积到你吃的植物和动物上，来自世界各个角落的成千上万的人们都因上述因素使得自身免疫系统能力下降...... 你有试过喝热水吗？

[–]happyguy604 3 指标 2 天前 
some assholes don't cough with their mouth closed and i caught some strepthroat.
fucked me up for a couple of days. i was gargling with vinegar and i cured myself in 3 days

一些混蛋咳嗽的时候没把嘴捂上，害我染上了脓毒性咽喉炎 。苦了我好些天。我一直用醋漱口，3天后我就好了。

[–]tiny_tim57 5 指标 3 天前* 
This sounds very anecdotal to me. I lived in China for three years and only got ill once and I didn't feel the people around me where ill that regularly.
That being said it may be related to over use of anti biotics which has damaged peoples ability to fight infections naturally and may help to spread bacterial infections. Also if you don't have a good diet or exercise regularly you may end up with a compromise immune system.

这在我听来很像是道听途说，我在中国生活已有三年，在此期间只得过一次病，而且我不觉得我周遭的人经常生病。如果真有，也有可能和滥用抗生素有关，这降低了人们自然抵御感染病的能力，从而可能有助于扩散细菌感染。而且如果你饮食不规律、不常锻炼身体，你的免疫系统会受损。

Things like taking shoes off and washing underwear separately are likely to stop the spread of infections despite what Chinese people may think.

像进屋脱鞋和把内裤与其他衣物分开来洗很有可能会停止感染的扩散，有些中国人是这么想的。

[–]WaiLaiLoser 3 指标 3 天前 
-antibiotics
-viruses
Pick one. Antibiotics don't affect viruses.

抗生素，还是病毒。从这两者中选一个，抗生素对病毒无效。

[–]tiny_tim57 1 指标 2 天前 
Yeah I should say bacterial infections.

是的，我应该说细菌感染的。

[–]davey2100[S] 1 指标 2 天前 
I actually exercise a lot and as I said I never been ill much since coming here so it's not the overuse of drugs and I have lived in and traveled to a lot of countries. Judging from replies I will just put it down to my body being too used living in much cleaner conditions.
Definitely opened my eyes to how important hygiene is.

实际上我经常锻炼，而且正如我所说，我在来这儿之前从没生过病，所以我不是滥用药物的问题，我居住游玩过很多国家。从大家的回复来判断，我想这归因于我的身体习惯生活在更干净的环境里。确实让我大开眼界明白卫生是多么重要。

[–]KandisKoolAidWeave 3 指标 3 天前 
I only found this to be true during the winter of '13-'14 in Beijing when the pollution was fucking terrible.

我发现北京只有在冬天零下13-14°的时候符合这种情况，那时候（空气）污染程度实在是太他妈可怕了。

-------------译者：xiaoaochen-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

[–]cha-me-leon 3 指标 3 天前 
Sounds anecdotal to me. Been here in Shenzhen for 6 months and never got sick.
Think I got laduzi once and that's about it.

在我听说这不太可信。我在深圳已经6个月了，我从来没生过病。想了想我就拉了一次肚子，但仅此而已。

[–]BlazeMiskulinUnited States 4 指标 3 天前 
Where and how did you grow up? This is probably one of the biggest factors in how sensitive you are to environmental factors and/or susceptible to illness.
You'll have to excuse me while I slip into Curmudgeon Mode for a bit...

你是在哪怎么长大的啊？这可能是判断你对环境的敏感程度或你对疾病的易感染度的最大因素之一。请见谅我要开启暴躁牢骚模式了...

If you're young and from the US/UK/EU chances are you grew up in a bit of a protective bubble. Parenting over the past few decades has become more and more adverse to letting kids "go out and eat dirt". There's less exposure to natural bacteria and therefore lower natural tolerance to them (white cells need exposure to build antibodies).

如果你是来自美国、英国或欧洲的年轻人，你很大可能是活在象牙塔里被人悉心呵护长大的，父母对子女的教育在过去几十年里已变得越来越反对让小孩“出去玩泥巴”。更少接触自然菌，因而对它们的天然免疫忍耐度更低（白细胞需要接触（细菌）才能产生抗体）。

Additionally young people now tend to be less tolerant of illness. As a manager I see young people calling in "sick" for things people my age wouldn't even acknowledge. This is also what I see in Chinese people. "I have a slight cough. I need to go to the hospital for an IV." Seriously? Slam a shot of 44D and man up.
[/Curmudgeon Mode]

此外，现在的年轻人对疾病的忍耐度更低。身为一名管理者，我看到年轻人把在我那个年代里根本不算什么的事的病也称为“病”。这也是我现在在中国人身上所看到的现象。“我有点小感冒。我需要去医院打个点滴。”我去，真那么柔弱啊？来针甲氧麻黄酮（一种俗称喵喵的兴奋剂），然后爷们起来。[暴躁牢骚模式关闭]

Oh.. And drink more hot water. It'll cure your cancer.

哦...对了，多喝热水。它会治好你的癌症。

[–]xiefeilaga 2 指标 3 天前 
If you're young and from the US/UK/EU chances are you grew up in a bit of a protective bubble.
I'd say that's doubly true for middle class Chinese kids in the One Child Policy age. They grew up with insane homework loads and tutoring schedules and any free time they had they were generally led around highly domesticated spaces (city parks theme parks malls etc) by a chaperone team two to six deep (two parents and two sets of grandparents). When did these kids ever get to run around in the woods and eat dirt? We're talking about a demographic group with really high rates of poor eyesight almost certainly lixed to a lack of exposure to natural light (the homework thing again).
I'm right with you on the IV thing.

“如果你是来自美国、英国或欧洲的年轻人，你很大可能是活在象牙塔里被人悉心呵护长大的。”
我要说，在中国一胎政策下这情况在中产阶级父母养育子女中更是如此。他们从小生在家庭作业一大堆、课后辅导课程排满的生活环境里，即使他们有空闲时间，一般也只允许他们在适合家庭生活的空间里闲逛（像城市公园、主题公园、商场等），这还是在2-6人不等的监护人小队的陪同下才行（父母和孩子的两对祖父母）。这些小孩什么时候跑到森林里玩泥巴过？我们在谈论的可是群近视可能性很大、几乎没沐浴过自然光线的小孩们（这又得归结于繁多的家庭作业）。我也很同意你说的动不动就打点滴的事。

[–]davey2100[S] 1 指标 2 天前 
I guess that's also part of the problem. People just going in to work sick just spreads it around more making the cycle of sickness worse.
Pride eh.

我猜这也是问题的一部分。人们带病上班然后又传染给周围的人，恶性循环使得病情更严重。还真是令人骄傲啊。

[–]FileError214 1 指标 2 天前 
Curious how much evidence is there to back this theory up? I definitely agree I think exposing kids to germs is a good thing and builds up immunity.
Regarding Chinese hypochondriacs I agree with that as well. My wife went back for a month during Chinese New Year. Said her sister took our infant nephew to the hospital at least five times for various minor coughs.

好奇有多少证据能论证这些理论呢？让孩子接触细菌这是好事，能增强免疫力，这点我绝对赞同。中国疑病症患者这方面我也赞同。我妻子在春节期间回去住了一个月，说她姐姐带着我们尚在襁褓的侄子去医院至少有5次了，每次去都是因为侄子稍微咳嗽了几声。

[–]BlazeMiskulinUnited States 2 指标 2 天前 
“Curious how much evidence is there to back this theory up? I definitely agree I think exposing kids to germs is a good thing and builds up immunity.”
There's quite a bit. Look up "Hygiene Hypothesis" for one example.
Here's on study listed at NIH.gov:
The mammalian host immune system is broadly stimulated with the first exposure to microorganisms during neonatal life (1). The inner surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs are particularly affected because they are predominant sites of microbial contact (2). Epidemiologic observations further suggest that the immune effects of early-life microbial exposure are durable and persist into later life because they can be associated with prevention of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma (3–5).

“好奇有多少证据能论证这些理论呢？让孩子接触细菌这是好事，能增强免疫力，这点我绝对赞同。”
证据有很多。以“卫生假说”为例。这是国家卫生研究所有关“卫生假说”的研究内容：
哺乳动物宿主的免疫系统在新生儿期间首次接触到微生物时会受到强烈刺激（1）。胃肠道和肺部的表面尤其易受影响，因为它们是接触微生物的主要部分（2）。对流行病学进一步的观察表明早期接触微生物所带来的免疫作用是持久的，且会持续到日后的生活中去，因为它们与预防诸如炎症性肠病和哮喘等疾病有关。
（译注：NIH=National Institutes of Health，国家卫生研究所）

-------------译者：毛绒熊猫-审核者：于陵留洋------------

[–]xiefeilaga 1 指标 5小时前 
Another thing is the way the medical system works here. Even for simple things people go to the massive hospitals and get an IV drip which necessitates time off. They get pumped with antibiotics and god knows what else just for the common cold where people in the West would just pop a few cold pills and rest a bit more.

另一件事是这里医疗系统运转的方式。即使只是简单的小事，人们也会到大医院里去看病，然后打点滴，其实他们这只是需要休息而已。他们滥用抗生素，天了噜，如果是得了感冒谁晓得他们又会怎么做，在西方要是感冒了，人们只会吃几片感冒药，多休息而已。

[–]LeYanYanFrance 1 指标 4小时前 
I once saw a man washing his hands up to the elbows in a puddle on the side of the road then jump on the bus grabbing every handles on his path.
After that I start using hydroalcoholic gel to the point it was hurting my skin.
I think diseases spreading is mostly due to people general lack of knowledge about good practices on hygiene. In my office they're all wearing a mask when they're sick to avoid giving their cold to others.

有一次，我看见一个人在路边的水坑里洗手，一直洗到肘部那儿，然后跳上公共汽车，途中经过的每个把手他都抓了个遍。在那之后，我就开始使用水醇凝胶，但这很伤我的皮肤。我认为疾病传播主要是由于人们普遍缺乏对良好卫生行为的了解。在我工作的地方，人们在生病时都会戴着个口罩以免把感冒传染给别人。

[–]iwazaruu 1 指标 4小时前 
I've had the exact opposite experience. people rarely if ever call out sick。

我正好有与你完全相反的经历。人们很少请病假。

[–]Eitsky 1 指标 4小时前* 
I lived in the north of China before and it was especially true that everyone -foreigners and locals- would be getting sick often. I think this is a mix of many things: pollution overuse of antibiotics lack of education in regards to things like food safety/hygiene etc. I'd also seen an article somewhere that purported that bacteria live and dead is able to travel with the pollution and transmit easier.
I'd also argue that the use of cheap/low quality materials can contribute to the problem. IE. The plumbing in apartments or the sealing of windows. I'm not surprised when I see mold in an apartment or if it smells musty.

我之前生活在中国北方，确实是所有人——不管是外国人还是本地人——都经常生病。我认为这是由许多原因导致的：污染、滥用抗生素、缺乏对食品安全/卫生等方面的教育。我还看到一篇文章说，细菌不管是活的还是死的都能通过污染传播，而且更容易跟着污染物质一起传播。我还认为使用廉价/低质量的材料会导致这种问题的产生。比如公寓的管道或者紧封的窗户。所以当我看到公寓发霉或闻到公寓里有霉味时，我并不会惊讶。

Then again I've recently moved near Shanghai and I wasn't sick at all this winter. The pollution is a huge factor IMO.

而且，我最近搬到了上海附近，然后今年冬天我没有生过一次病。在我看来，污染是一个很大的因素。