【美国CNET】特朗普团队考虑将5G网络国有化以对抗中国 [美国媒体]

Trump team mulls nationalized 5G network to counter China

特朗普团队考虑将 5G 网络国有化以对抗中国

The idea is that a centralized network could protect US communications from Chinese spying

他们的想法是, 一个集中的网络可以保护美国的通信不受中国间谍的监视 。


The Trump administration is worried about China spying on US phone networks.
                                                    Nicholas Kamm / AFP / Getty Images

图： 特朗普政府担心中国对美国的电话网络进行间谍活动  Nicholas Kamm / 法新社 /Getty Images


National security officials working for President Donald Trump are considering building a superfast 5G network as an option to counter Chinese spying on US phones，according to a report published Sunday.

周日公布的一份报告显示，为唐纳德特朗普(Donald Trump)工作的国家安全官员正在考虑建立一个超高速的5G 网络，以此来对抗中国对美国手机的间谍活动。

Details of the plans come courtesy of a PowerPoint presentation and memo produced by a senior National Security Council official seen and reported by Axios. An unnamed senior administration official confirmed the accuracy of the information late Sunday to Reuters.

这些计划的细节来自一位国家安全委员会高级官员制作的 PowerPoint 演示文稿和备忘录。 一位不愿透露姓名的政府高级官员周日晚些时候向路透社证实了这一消息的可靠性。

A nationalized 5G network is currently under discussion at a low level in the Trump administration and won't be considered by the president for six to eight months，according to Axios. The network would be designed to counter Chinese threats to US economic and internet security，with emphasis on protecting emerging technologies reliant on 5G，such as self-driving cars and the internet of things.

根据 Axios 的说法，一个国有化的5G 网络目前正在特朗普政府的初步讨论中，在6到8个月内还不会被总统考虑。 该网络旨在对抗中国对美国经济和互联网安全的威胁，重点是保护依赖于5G 的新兴技术，如自动驾驶汽车和物联网。

Such a network could be built and owned by the government，with infrastructure rented out to US carriers. This would be a significant departure from the current system，in which network providers build their own infrastructure and lease airwaves from the government.

这样一个网络可以由政府建立和拥有，基础设施出租给美国运营商。 这将大大背离目前的系统，即网络供应商建造自己的基础设施，并从政府租赁广播权。

The telecommunications industry has already been busy getting ready for a future built on 5G，the next-generation wireless technology that promises significantly better speed and coverage than current 4G networks.

电信行业已经在忙于为未来做准备，5G 是下一代无线技术，其速度和覆盖率将明显优于目前的4G 网络。

While widespread implementation is likely still several years off，Verizon，the largest carrier in the US by number of subscribers，expects to begin commercial 5G operations as a broadband replacement service later this year. It's set to spend around $17 billion in 2018 on capital projects，which includes its work on 5G. AT&T said it plans to launch a mobile 5G network in a dozen markets by the end of the year. 

虽然大范围的实施可能还需要几年时间，但 Verizon 作为美国用户数量最大的运营商，预计今年晚些时候将开始商业性的5G 业务，作为宽带替代服务。 它将在2018年投入170亿美元用于资本项目，其中包括5G 项目。 美国电话电报公司（AT&T）表示，计划在今年年底前在十几个市场推出一个移动5G 网络。

China companies have their own 5G ambitions.  Last week，mobile chip giant Qualcomm announced plans to build 5G phones as early as 2019 with some of the largest Chinese phone makers，including Lenovo (Motorola's parent)，Xiaomi，ZTE，Oppo (OnePlus'owner) and Vivo. 

中国公司有自己的5G 野心。 上周，移动芯片巨头高通(Qualcomm)宣布，计划最早于2019年与一些中国最大的手机制造商包括联想(摩托罗拉的母公司)、小米、中兴、 Oppo (OnePlus 的拥有者)和 Vivo，合作推出5G手机。

'A costly and counterproductive distraction'

代价高昂且适得其反的干扰

On Monday，FCC Chairman Ajit Pai -- a Republican appointed by Trump -- spoke out against the idea of a nationalized US network.

周一，美国联邦通信委员会主席 Ajit Pai ——一个由特朗普任命的共和党人——公开反对国有化美国网络的想法。

”I oppose any proposal for the federal government to build and operate a nationwide 5G network，” Pai said in a statement. ”Any federal effort to construct a nationalized 5G network would be a costly and counterproductive distraction from the policies we need to help the United States win the 5G future.”

”我反对任何要求联邦政府建立和运营全国性5G 网络的提议，”Pai 在一份声明中说。 ”联邦政府为建设一个国有化的5G 网络所做的任何努力，都将使我们偏离帮助美国赢得5G未来所需的政策，都是一种代价高昂、适得其反的举措。”

Fellow FCC Commissioner Michael O'Rielly likewise blasted the plan. 

联邦通信委员会委员 Michael O'Rielly 也同样抨击了这个计划。

”I've seen lead balloons tried in DC before，but this is like a balloon made out of a Ford Pinto，”O'Rielly said. 

O'rielly 说：”我以前在华盛顿见过试制铅气球，但这就像是一个由福特 Pinto 制造的气球，”O'Rielly 说。

Across the aisle，Sen. Mark Warner，a Democrat from Virginia，questioned the need for such a network. 

来自弗吉尼亚州的民主党参议员马克 · 华纳对建立这样一个网络的必要性提出了质疑。

”While I'm glad that the Trump Administration recognizes that maintaining American leadership in the information age requires a significant investment commitment，I'm concerned that constructing a nationalized 5G network would be both expensive and duplicative，particularly at a time when the Administration is proposing to slash critical federal investments in R&D and broadband support for unserved areas，” he said in a statement.

他在一份声明中说：”我很高兴特朗普政府认识到，在信息时代保持美国的领导地位需要一个重要的投资承诺，但我担心建立一个国有化的5G 网络既昂贵又重复，尤其是在美国政府提议大幅削减联邦政府在研发和宽带支持领域的重大投资，”他在一份声明中说。

Representatives of the White House didn't respond to a request for comment.

白宫的代表没有回应记者的置评请求。

The plan also raises a number of questions，including how the government would build the network and what airwaves it  would use to power the service. The next-generation network requires extensive amounts of wireless spectrum to enable its high speeds，as well as a comprehensive array of cellular radios，and it's unclear where it would get those resources. The FCC has actually auctioned off spectrum to private companies willing to build their own networks. 

该计划还提出了一些问题，包括政府将如何建设网络，以及它将使用何种波段来为该服务提供动力。 这种下一代网络需要大量的无线频谱才能使其高速运行，同时还需要一系列全面的蜂窝式无线电，目前还不清楚它将从哪里获得这些资源。 实际上，FCC 已经将频谱拍卖给愿意建立自己的网络的私营公司。

Still，a government-run network could theoretically let smaller companies rent capacity and offer competitive services，according to NewStreet Research analyst Blair Levin. The risk is that wireless providers may re-uate their own 5G investment plans with the prospect that the government could become a source of competition. 

不过，据 NewStreet Research 分析师布莱尔莱文(Blair Levin)表示，从理论上讲，政府运营的网络可以让小公司租赁产能，提供有竞争力的服务。 风险在于，无线供应商可能会重新评估自己的5G 投资计划，而政府有可能成为竞争的源头。

Pai says the best way forward is to push spectrum to the private sector and encourage companies to do their own thing.

帕伊说，最好的方法是将频谱推向私营部门，并鼓励公司做自己的事情。

”The market，not government，” he said，”is best positioned to drive innovation and investment.”

”市场，而不是政府，”他表示，”最有能力推动创新和投资。”



Djumv
This is a bad idea.
这是一个糟糕的主意

narcah
We’re not China，our government shouldn’t ”own” cell networks. Can you imagine the fight over giving everyone free cell access as a basic human right?

我们不是中国，我们的政府不应该”拥有”手机网络。你能想象为让每个人都能自由使用手机作为一项基本人权而进行的斗争吗？

kanic121
Sounds Orwellian.

听起来很奥威尔
（译注：乔治 · 奥威尔，泯灭人性的极权主义社会，代表作《动物庄园》和《一九八四》）

steve8411
As a former military intel guy once said，if it travels over a wire，it can be intercepted. If it travels over the air，it will be intercepted.

正如一位前军方情报人员曾说过，如果它通过电线传播，它可以被拦截。如果它通过空气传播，它也会被拦截。

Maarek Stele
This good and a bad idea.
Many countries such as Romania，South Korea，and others had their governments build their Internet & wireless infrastructures. This leads to cheap internet access. Since all carriers will be available through this method.
The bad，the government gets to regulate what you view. This throws net neutrality out the window again. Who repairs downed wires and towers? Like the DOT，there will be a maintenance crew to ”fix the internet”. There's tons of land in comparison from Romania and these other smaller countries that will need connection，so not”EVERYONE” will be entitled to this form of internet.

想法很好，但是个坏主意。
许多国家，如罗马尼亚、韩国和其他国家，都让政府建立了他们的互联网和无线基础设施。这导致了廉价的互联网接入。因为所有的运营商都可以通过这种方法获得资源。
糟糕的是，政府可以监控你的思想，这再次将网络中立抛出窗外。谁来修理倒塌的电线和信号塔？就像DOT一样，还得有维修人员来”修复互联网”。与罗马尼亚和其他较小的国家相比，美国土地广阔，所以不是”每个人”都有权使用这种形式的互联网。

mayor2013
Let me guess. It will be paid for by China! And only rich people can use it!
But we will be allowed to pay a small tax to cover the costs until China sends the check.
Can't wait!

让我猜猜，它将由中国支付！只有富人才能用它！
但在中国寄支票之前，我们将被允许缴纳一小笔税款来支付费用。
我等不及了！

（译注：梗1，特朗普说要建美墨边境隔离墙，而且要让墨西哥支付修建的费用）

RealRepublicanz
Let us guess... Fox News could use the 5G network，but CNN and MSNBC not. Government owning comms network sounds like a dangerous first step to control of what gets distributed.
A better alternate model would be government subsidizing or building incentives for the major carriers to build out 5G.

让我们猜猜。。。福克斯新闻可以用5G网络，但CNN和MSNBC不能用，政府拥有通讯网络，控制分发的内容听起来是危险的第一步。
一个更好的替代模式是政府补贴或激励主要运营商建设5G。

（译注：梗2，CNN和MSNBC是川普黑，川普君推特怒怼CNN和MSNBC报的都是假新闻，把NYT NBC ABC CBS CNN列为五大”国家公敌”）

eletain
Yeah like to money the US government handed out to the phone companies already to expand internet to underserved and rural areas. The companies pocketed the cash and underserved and rural areas STILL don't have adequate internet.

对头，美国政府已经向电话公司发放了贷款，希望这些公司已经将互联网扩展到服务不足的乡村地区。这些公司将现金收入囊中，而服务水平低下的乡村地区仍然没有充足的互联网服务。

paulej
No government needs to spy on America. They only need to watch the news to learn everything.

没有一个政府需要监视美国，他们只需要看新闻就能了解一切。

mhtexas
This idea is the antithesis of conservative capitalism. It also runs counter to more than a century of communications development in the United States. Much as I despise FCC Chairman Ajit Pai's hypocrisy regarding net neutrality，he's partially correct about a nationalized 5G network. It's his reason that is wrong. It's not a business issue： when governnnments can control the backbone of communications，governments will try to control their people.

这种观点是保守资本主义的对立面。它还与美国长达一个多世纪的通信发展背道而驰。虽然我鄙视FCC主席AjitPai在网络中立问题上的虚伪，但他对一个国有化的5G网络的看法是部分正确的，因为他的理由是错的，这不是一个商业问题：当政府能够控制通信渠道时，政府就会试图控制他们的人民。

Ernst_B
Yes let us Socialize the 5G network，make the American Tax Payer pay for it then allow private industry to control and own it.
So today 5G tomorrow Skynet.

是，让我们把5G网络社会化，让美国纳税人为它付费，然后允许私营企业控制和拥有它。
不然的话，今天5G就是明天的天网。

chief0
It's hard to believe that our government would run a network that would prevent our own security services from spying on us.

很难相信我们的政府会运营一个网络来阻止我们的安全部门监视我们。
（译注：？？，没明白意思，但他确实是这么说的）

celticbrewer
Taking politics out of the debate... How does this make anything more secure? it seems the most vulnerable parts are still open.

先把政治排除在辩论之外。。。这么做真能让我们更安全吗？ 最脆弱的部分还是暴露的。

Samuel L Jackson
I”m not so sure about the government ownership but if there were a robust network with coverage everywhere，it would certainly level the playing field amongst providers. Then again，if there were a failure，everything would be done，generally. No redundancy.

我不太确定政府的拥有所有权是否正确，但如果有一个强大的网络覆盖各地，它肯定能在供应商之间创造一个公平竞争的环境，然而，再一次，如果其中有一个失败，一切就都完了，彻底完蛋。

E B
I can see it now - the government reserves huge blocks of spectrum and rolls out comprehensive nation-wide 5G coverage - the same year that the wireless companies roll out 6G，for a lower price.

我现在就可以预见：政府保留了巨大的频谱，并推出了覆盖全美范围的5G----就在同一年，无线公司以更低的价格推出了6G。

db32--2008
Which is what Pai said，no?
”The market，not government，” he said，”is best positioned to drive innovation and investment.”

这不就是帕伊所说的，不是吗？
——”市场，而不是政府，最有能力推动创新和投资。”

zwickedstepdad
So create *one* network that carriers rent instead of multiple carriers building their own (multiple) networks? Hello，single point of failure.
The government builds and controls the overall network? Hello，government corruption，censorship，and spying beyond what we already have.
The government pays for building the network，then rents it to carriers，and then carriers sell services on it to the taxpayers who built it? Hello，to what is effectively hidden taxes and the American public getting shafted again.

那么，创建一个单一网络，由运营商租用，而不是多个运营商建立自己的(多个)网络？很抱歉，单点失败。
政府建立和控制整个网络？很抱歉，政府腐败、审查和间谍活动会超出了我们现有的范围。
政府支付建设网络的费用，然后将其出租给运营商，然后运营商将服务出售给建造网络的纳税人？ 很抱歉，这隐藏了税收，美国公众再次受到欺骗。

befuddledms
No Thanks. A state run network that his headed by a fascist，vindictive，unstable authoritarian sounds like a very bad idea.

不用了，我谢谢您，一个由法西斯、复仇主义、又不稳定的威权主义者领导的国家网络听起来是个非常糟糕的主意。

Cnet-sux
You should ALWAYS assume that a fascist，vindictive，unstable authoritarian can get into power at ANY time. And vote accordingly with regards to the policies you support.
Even if their name isn't”Trump”，but，”Obama”，or”Hillary”

你应该坚信法西斯、复仇主义、不稳定的威权主义者可以随时掌权，并就你所支持的政策进行相应的表决。
即使他们的名字不是”特朗普”，但是还有”奥巴马”或”希拉里”。

anthonymaw
It's fear-mongering BS. So the argument for a US government-run network is to”blame it on the Chinese spies”? What about the”Russian hackers”or are they all now USA's (at least for Trump administration) latest BFFs???? And does anybody trust a US government-built，owned and operated network to be free from FBI，CIA，NSA PRISM and PATRIOT Act snooping ????? Hmmmmm.....

这是个散布恐惧的屁话。美国政府运营网络的理由是”把责任推到中国间谍身上”？那”俄罗斯黑客”又如何呢？难不成他们现在成了美国的(至少对特朗普政府而言)最新的BFFs？？？有没有人相信美国政府建立、拥有和运营的网络能够摆脱联邦调查局、中央情报局、国家安全局棱镜和爱国者法案的窥探？？？嗯……

eddie willers
It's amusing to think that most of the people posting here that are vehemently against this idea are probably all in for”Net Neutrality”. There's very little difference.

很有趣的是，大多数在这里发表强烈反对这一观点的人可能都支持”网络中立”，没啥差别。

gork_platter
There's a big difference. One is government takeover of a private enterprise whilst the other is regulation.

有很大的差别。一个是政府接管私有企业而另一个是监管。

MargonTheGodless
They are the same because... they is both about internetz?
Because beyond that，they are literally polar opposites.

它们是一样的。。因为它们都是关于互联网的？
扯淡，那是因为它们实际上是截然相反的对立面。

ronpadz
Gotta love that our president's sentiment is that”socialized medicine” is for commies but socialized broadband is something he could get behind.

我们的总统的意思是，”社会化医疗”是为社会服务的，但是社会化的宽带是他可以得到的。

Reg_Blank
Careful donny，your fascism is showing
”Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism，characterized by dictatorial power，forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce”

小心点唐尼（注：指特朗普 Donald），你正在展示你的法西斯主义。
法西斯主义是一种激进的威权民族主义，其特点是独裁统治、强行镇压反对派和控制工商业。

GlassORBits
This idea is SO bad，it has actually managed to unite us all. Brilliant，ha ha!

这个想法太糟糕了，它实际上把我们大家都团结起来了，有才啊，哈哈！

TSXJacket01
Love the picture selection by the author - reinforces the opinion of everyone in the #Resistance...
Also ironically，the same folks who are for Net Neutrality - Government controlling what manner data is flowing through ISPs，is against the proposal of the Government controlling the content flowing across a different medium (wireless spectrum).
On a good note，perhaps those who really really really want NN will finally understand the objection many of us had with it via this topic.

喜欢作者选择的图片--加强对每个人的看法。（译注：题图中川普君眼神犀利，就像老大哥一样盯着你。）
同样具有讽刺意味的是，那些支持网络中立的人--政府控制着互联网服务提供商的数据流量，这与政府控制不同媒体的内容的提议是不一样的。
从一个好的方面来说，也许那些真的非常，非常，非常想要国有化网络的人最终会通过这个话题理解我们中的许多人对它的反对。

Azymuth89
Michael S. Rogers would be amusing as a celebrity spokesperson

要是迈克尔 ·S· 罗杰斯成为明星代言人一定会很有趣。

（译注：迈克尔 ·S· 罗杰斯是美国国家安全局主管）