印度历史上最有趣的战争战术是什么？(上) [美国媒体]

What was the most interesting war tactic ever performed in history by India?

印度历史上最有趣的战争战术是什么？


Sharad Mudgal, I am someone like you and love lending my ears....
Updated Sep 29, 2016 · Upvoted by Pradeep Kadam, Lt Col at Indian Army (1998-present)
The role of INDIAN NAVY IN THE KARGIL WAR.

印度海军在卡吉尔战争中扮演的角色。

In the first few weeks of the war due to surprise. Pakistan held high ground overlooking Indian Army supply lines and was able to wreak havoc on a jugular of the Indian Army's Kashmir ops. However like all misadventures before it, the Pakistani Army under Musharraf only thought of the first few weeks and not what would happen when the giant would wake up.

战争的开头几周出于意外，巴基斯坦占据了俯瞰印度军队补给线的高地，并能够对印度军队执行克什米尔行动的一大群人造成破坏。然而，像之前所有的灾难一样，巴基斯坦军队在穆沙拉夫的领导下只考虑了最初几周的动向，而没考虑巨人（印度军）醒来后会发生什么。

The Indian Navy blocked Pakistan's primary port - The Karachi Port to cut off supply routes . The Indian Navy began aggressive patrols and threatened to cut Pakistan’s sea trade. This exploited Pakistan's dependence on sea based oil and trade flows.

印度海军封锁了巴基斯坦的主要港口--卡拉奇港，以切断他们的供应路线。印度海军开始积极巡逻，并威胁要切断巴基斯坦的海上贸易。这是利用了巴基斯坦依赖海上石油和贸易通道的的弱点。

The constant aggression shown by the Indian Navy gave enough signals to the Pakistan govt to retract. As later told by the Musharraf, the Pakistan govt was unable to sustain war for for more than 6 days as all of their supplies were cut off by the Indian Navy.

印度海军持续的挑衅举动向巴基斯坦政府发出了足够的信号，逼迫他们必须就此作出回应。正如穆沙拉夫后来所说，由于印度海军切断了他们所有的补给，巴基斯坦政府的这场战争撑不过6天。

Nawaz Sharif was told by a nervous Musharraf to go and ask the US to intervene.When the US simply said that the Pakistan must withdraw back to its previous positions Musharraf complied But since there was no cease fire so when the Indian Army took those peaks back they had the higher ground and literally mowed down the paki retreating troops. With no means to sustain Pakistani men retraced their homes leaving behind their equipment as well.

一位紧张的穆沙拉夫告诉纳瓦兹谢里夫，让他去请求美国的干预。美国说巴基斯坦必须撤回到之前的位置，穆沙拉夫答应了，但后来没有停火，所以当印度军队夺回这些山峰时，他们拥有了这块高地，并逐一驱离了巴基斯坦军队。由于无法维持基本的给养，巴基斯坦人连他们的家园都舍弃了，也留下了他们的装备。

Aman Rai, Proud Indian
Answered Feb 23, 2016
Most audacious naval operations
"Very long answer"

最大胆的海军行动
答案很长”

In 1965 war,Pakistan's navy launched operation Dwarka.A fleet of seven Pakistani ships—PNS Babur, Khaibar, Badr, Jahangir, Alamgir, Shah Jahan and Tipu Sultan—had chosen Dwarka for attack, to destroy the radar station.Fortunately, most of the shells failed to explode, and there were no human casualties. During this mayhem, INS Talwar was in Okha (a few miles north of Dwarka) for repairs, aware of the explosions and transmissions from Pakistani warships—but could do nothing in response. Other Indian warships were ordered to not get involved. The Pakistani fleet soon headed back to Karachi, with no casualties.

在1965的战争中，巴基斯坦海军发动了德瓦尔卡行动。巴基斯坦七艘舰队--PNS Babur、Khaibar、Badr、Jahangir、Alamgir、Shah Jahan和Tipu Sultan--选择攻击德瓦尔卡以摧毁雷达站。幸运的是大部分炮弹没有爆炸，也没有造成人员伤亡。在这场混乱中，英斯塔尔瓦在奥卡(达瓦卡以北几英里)的地方进行修理，它了解到来自于巴基斯坦战舰的爆炸，但无法作出任何回应。其他印度军舰被命令不得参与。巴基斯坦舰队很快毫发无损的返回了卡拉奇。

Due to Pakistan activities in east-Pakistan,it was clear India and Pakistan war is approaching with East-Pakistan as a trigger.Earlier in 1970,Admiral Sardarilal Mathuradas Nanda had taken charge as the eighth Chief of the Naval Staff of the Indian Navy.

根据巴基斯坦在东巴基斯坦的活动，很明显印度和巴基斯坦的战争正在以东巴基斯坦为战火。早在1970，海军上将萨达里拉尔马图拉达斯南达就开始担任印度海军第八任海军参谋长指挥官。

The Admiral, along with Chief of Army Staff General Sam Manekshaw, aimed to also attack rather than merely defend. The plan chalked out for the navy was:

这位海军上将和陆军参谋长萨姆·曼内肖将军一起制定计划，其目的不仅仅为了自卫，也是为了进攻。
为海军制定的计划是：

Surround the East Pakistan coast and block all ports for enemy activity, which meant denying trapped Pakistani soldiers opportunities to flee.

包围东巴基斯坦海岸，封锁所有供敌人活动的港口，这意味着堵死了被困巴基斯坦士兵逃跑的机会。

Attack Karachi. All the external trade and transfer, including that of arms and ammunition, took place at Karachi port. It was also the headquarters of the Pakistani Navy as well as its principal oil storage facility.

攻击卡拉奇。所有的对外贸易、包括武器和弹药的贸易转运都是在卡拉奇港进行的。它也是巴基斯坦海军的总部，那里也有其主要的石油储存设施。

Before launching operation,Nanda met Mrs.Gandhi,and asked for political support for this operation,she was astonished by this.Mrs.Gandhi asked him that why he is asking such question,when it is obvious.Nanda said-During 1965 war,when PNS launched attack on Dwarka,navy was ordered to not to reply to their attack.After that Mrs.Gandhi said."Officer,When there is war,there is war".Mr.Nanda got her.

在行动开始前，南达会见了甘地夫人并请求获取她的政治支持，她对此感到惊讶。甘地夫人问他为什么在事态已如此明显的时候还要问这样的问题。南达说，因为1965年战争期间，当尼泊尔共产党对达瓦卡发动攻击时，海军被命令不要对他们的攻击作出回应。甘地夫人说，“军官阁下，你需要战争的时候，战争就会发生”。南达得到了她的支持。

Admiral Nanda organized the navy into two independent fleets—Eastern and Western—on October 16, 1971. Considering the importance of manning the sea border of East Pakistan, the air-craft carrier Vikrant was transferred to the Eastern fleet.

1971年10月16日，南达上将将海军组织成两支独立舰队--东方舰队和西方舰队。考虑到在巴基斯坦东部海域驻守的重要性，“维卡兰特”号航空母舰被转移到了东部舰队。

As far as Karachi was concerned, the plan was to attack Karachi with missile boats. This was Operation Trident.Operation Trident (1971)
After Pakistan declared a national emergency on November 23, 1971, three of the missile boats were deployed at Okha to carry out patrols and gain experience. The entire missile boat fleet was labeled as Killer Squadron 25 (K-25) and was placed under Commander Babru Bhan Yadav.

就卡拉奇而言，该计划是用导弹艇攻击卡拉奇。这就是三叉戟行动。(1971) 
在巴基斯坦于1971年11月23日宣布国家紧急状态后，三艘导弹艇被部署在奥卡进行巡逻并获得作战经验。整个导弹舰队都作为杀手第25中队(K-25)置于巴布鲁·比汉·亚达夫指挥官的领导之下。

Due to their obvious weaknesses, such as shorter radar range and a less-than-sufficient anti-aircraft system, a squadron made exclusively of missile boats was not enough to attack Karachi. Two anti-submarine Arnala class (originally Soviet Petya class) Corvettes (smaller-size frigates)—INS Kadmat and INS Katchal—were added to the squadron; as the Corvettes had better radar, anti-aircraft and anti-submarine defense systems, they were to provide cover to the missile boats from air or submarine attacks. The Corvettes were also intended to provide communication, control and identification of enemy targets (due to better radar systems). Due to unexplained reasons, INS Kadmat was replaced by INS Kiltan at the last minute.

由于其明显的弱点，如雷达距离较短和防空系统不足，一个完全由导弹艇组成的中队并不足以攻击卡拉奇。中队增加了两艘反潜阿娜拉级(原苏联佩蒂亚级)、柯维特斯(小型护卫舰)-- 具备惯性导航系统。因为Corvettes拥有更好的雷达、和防空--- 潜艇防御系统，他们将为导弹艇提供掩护，使其免受到空中或潜艇攻击。考维特号还旨在提供通信、控制和敌我识别等信息。 由于无法解释的原因，InsKadmat在最后一刻被InsKiltan所取代。

Now that the squadron was formed, another worry was the low range of missile boats due to small  fuel tanks (as well as a different fuel type from that of the Corvettes). This was solved by establishing special fuel depots at Okha and Diu (on Gujarat coast). Also, a fleet tanker ship INS Poshak  was added to the squadron to be positioned halfway from Karachi, to refuel the missile boats both before  and after the final lap of the attack.

现在中队已经编组完成，另一个要担心是导弹艇的射程很短，因为它的燃料箱很小(燃料类型也与Corvettes的不同)。这个问题通过在Okha和Diu(古吉拉特海岸)建立专门的燃料库最终得以解决。此外，一艘舰队油轮InPoshak被编到中队中，它位于卡拉奇中段以便即时补充燃料。在攻击开始前的最后阶段给导弹艇加油。

Operation Trident Begins
4 December, 1971. The squadron started its 500-km-long journey to Karachi from Okha. Due to shorter travel ranges, missile boats were being towed till a certain distance to Karachi harbour. Complete radio silence was to be kept till the squadron reached closer to Karachi naval base. The squadron formed an arrow-head formation, with INS Nipat leading the way, INS Nirghat five miles to its port (left) and INS Veer on starboard (right). Another advantage for the Indian squadron was the fluency of its crew in Russian. This would prove to be very useful while communicating.

三叉戟行动开始
1971年12月4日。中队从奥卡出发开始了长达500公里的卡拉奇之旅。由于航程较短，导弹艇被拖到距卡拉奇港一定距离的地方。中队到达接近卡拉奇海军基地前一直保持完全的无线电静默。整个中队排成箭头队形，由INS Nipat在队前带路，INS nirghat在距其身后五英里的地方  （LEF在右INS Veer在右。印度这个中队的另一个优势是它的船员能说流利的俄语。这将被证明是非常有用的通讯手段。

2000 hrs: The squadron inched up to Karachi at a speed of 24 knots (approximately 44.5 kmph). Dusk had fallen. The squadron had a stroke of misfortune as well as good luck. The misfortune had to do with the fact that it was a full moon night, making it frighteningly easy for the squadron to be spotted as six white stripes on the pristine blue Arabian sea by a Pakistani aircraft (as a matter of fact a Pakistani patrol aircraft did indeed notice ‘unidentified ships traveling north-west’)：

20：00，中队以24节(约44.5公里/小时)的速度缓慢驶抵卡拉奇。黄昏降临。中队遭遇了一次不幸，同时也带来了好运。不幸的是，当晚事实上是一个满月之夜，这使得蓝色大海上毫无遮掩的6条白色舰船很容易被巴基斯坦飞机发现(确实是一个问题)。 一架巴基斯坦巡逻机确实注意到了“西北航线上的不明船只”)。

2100 hrs: A few faraway targets had started appearing on radars of Corvettes (due to anomalous propagation—periodic but unique atmospheric conditions of Arabian sea between Gujarat coast and Karachi which allows electromagnetic waves to travel longer distances in a recognizable form), but were not attacked as they were not considered worthy of wasting missiles. The squadron simply changed course briefly to avoid them.

21：00小时：一些遥远的目标开始出现在考维特斯的雷达上(由于阿拉伯海在古吉拉特海岸和卡拉奇之间的反常传播--周期性但独特的大气条件，使得电磁波可以以一种可识别的形式传播更远的距离)，但没有受到攻击，因为它们被认为不值得浪费导弹。中队简单地改变了路线以尽量避开他们。

2145 hrs: Distance to Karachi was now 80 km. The squadron had a stroke of good luck. Pakistani navy had commanded all non-navy ships to stay out of the Karachi harbour at a range of minimum 112 km between dusk and dawn. So any beacon identified on the radars of the killer squadron could be safely predicted to be a Pakistani warship. Final checks on equipment in all vessels were performed.  The radars were constantly being monitored on all ships (INS Poshak stayed behind in Mangrol and INS Vidyut stayed outside Karachi harbour to act as a mobile refueling depot and armed backup respectively).

21：45 现在舰队距离卡拉奇80公里。中队的运气很好。巴基斯坦海军已命令所有非海军舰艇在黄昏至黎明期间在至少112公里的范围内远离卡拉奇港。因此，任何在杀手中队雷达上发现的信标都可以安全地被判定为巴基斯坦的战舰。在对船只的设备进行了最后检查后，所有舰船雷达全开。(INS Poshak留在芒格罗尔，Ins Vidyut留在卡拉奇港外，充当机动加油站和后备武装)

The radar in INS Nipat started beeping, showing two enemy targets. 
The first was 45 miles north-west, and the second 42 miles north-east. 
An excited Commander B. B. Yadav quickly broke the radio silence and informed Rear Admiral Kuruvilla. Operation Trident had reached its most crucial leg.

INS Nipat的雷达开始哔哔作响，显示出两个敌方目标的位置。第一个位于西北45英里处，第二个位于东北42英里。一名激动的指挥官B·B·雅达夫迅速打破无线电沉默，通知库鲁比利亚少将。三叉戟行动达到了最关键的一步。

Karachi harbour was now 35 km away.
First target on the radar, now around 27 km away, had started moving towards the missile boat. It was the Pakistani destroyer PNS Khaibar, originally HMS Cadiz of the UK Royal Navy, acquired by Pakistan in 1956. It was a huge vessel, weighing 3,290 tonnes when fully loaded. INS Nirghat and INS Kiltan were instructed to deal with the oncoming threat.

卡拉奇港现在离这里35公里。
雷达上的第一个目标，现在大约在27公里之外，已经开始向导弹艇移动。它是巴基斯坦驱逐舰PNS Khaibar，最初是英国皇家海军的HMS Cadiz号，被巴基斯坦公司收购。这在1956年是一艘巨大的船，满载时重达3290吨。INS Nirghat和Ins Kiltan奉命应对即将到来的威胁。

2245 hrs (PST): INS Nirghat moved swiftly, locking on the target and launching its first Styx missile. The missile took off towards the sky in the shape of a bright light, and then zoomed down towards PNS Khaibar. Khaibar mistook the missile for an aircraft diving in and started firing its Bofors anti-aircraft guns. The missile struck Khaibar on the starboard side below water level. The ship instantly lost propulsion, plunged into darkness and huge flames shot up due to an explosion in the boiler room. Khaibar started slumping towards the side of the explosion and sent an SOS to naval headquarters: ‘Enemy aircraft attacked in position 020 FF 20. No 1 Boiler hit. Ship stopped.”

22：45 ，INS Nirghat迅速移动，锁定目标并发射其第一枚地狱火导弹。导弹拖着明亮的轨迹冲向天空，然后飞驰而下。Khaibar误以为导弹是一架潜入的飞机，于是开始发射Bofors高射炮。最终，导弹击中了Khaibar右舷水位下的部位，这艘船停了下来。它突然失去了动力，陷入黑暗，随后巨大的火焰由于锅炉房的爆炸而燃烧起来。Khaibar开始向爆炸一侧滑落，并向海军总部发出求救信号：“在020 FF 20空域受到敌方飞机攻击。一号锅炉被击中，船停止运动“

Clearly, the Pakistanis had no clue. All anti-aircraft guns located at Karachi harbor and Masroor air base now started firing, in search of supposed Indian aircrafts.

很明显，巴基斯坦人根本不了解具体情况。位于卡拉奇港和马斯洛空军基地的所有高射炮开始猛烈开火以寻找印度的飞机。

INS Nipat launched its first missile, which struck Khaibar on the starboard side and proved to be a deathblow. The ship exploded, sending shockwaves across Karachi city.INS Nipat

发射了它的第一枚导弹，它击中了右侧的Khaibar，并被证明是致命的一击。这艘船爆炸了，在卡拉奇市引起了冲击波。

Now it was the turn of INS Veer to fire its first missile, which struck Muhafiz squarely. The minesweeper exploded and disintegrated.
INS Nipat now engaged two contacts, MV (Merchant Vessel) Venus Challenger and Destroyer PNS Shah Jahan—originally HMS Charity of the Royal Navy.

现在轮到INS Veer发射它的第一枚导弹了，它对穆哈菲兹进行了直射。扫雷船爆炸并解体。
NS Nipat现在只能联络到两个信号，MV(商船)金星挑战者号和驱逐舰PNS Shah Jahan-最初的皇家海军HMS Cadiz号战舰。

MV Venus Challenger was completely dark, as it was a supply ship present inside the harbour. The ship was carrying US-supplied ammunition from Saigon for the Pakistani army and air force.The second missile from INS Nipat struck MV Venus Challenger, blew up the ammunition and the ship sank in less than eight minutes.

金星挑战者号一片漆黑，因为它是港内的补给船。这艘船是从西贡为巴基斯坦陆军和空军运送美国供应的弹药。 来自INS的导弹袭击了金星挑战者号，炸毁了弹药库，船在不到8分钟的时间内沉没了。

The third missile from INS Nipat struck PNS Shah Jahan, crippling it beyond repairsafter INS Nirghat  struck it with its second missile. PNS Shah Jahan did not sink due to its partitioned structure in its underwater base, which prevented the base from filling up with water completely, but was rendered ineffective for the rest of the battle. INS Veer fired its second and third missiles at two separate targets: PNS Tipu Sultan and PNS Tughril, sinking both of them.

来自INS Nipat的第三枚导弹击中了PNS Shah Jahan，给你造成了无法修复的损伤--在INS Nirghat用第二枚导弹攻击它之后PNS Shah Jahan并没有下沉，因为它的分区结构在它的水下部分（传说中的水密舱构造），这阻止了船舱完全充满水，但它已无法继续进行剩下的战斗。INS Veer向两个不同的目标发射了第二和第三枚导弹。两者都下沉了。

Pakistani naval headquarters sent a message for help to Masroor air base in Karachi, but received no reply. Reason: The Indian air force was attacking the base, in coordination with the naval attack.

巴基斯坦海军总部向卡拉奇的Masroor空军基地发出求救信息，但没有收到任何答复。
原因：印度空军协同海军袭击了基地。

INS Nipat reached as close as 15 km to Karchi port and figures of crucial oil tanks and refineries started showing up on its radar. Nipat took aim, and launched two Styx missiles (missiles had in-built metal detectors, mistaking metal tanks with ships ). The second one misfired, but the first struck the oil depot and refinery.INS Nipat

InsNipat到达距卡拉奇港15公里处时，关键的油罐和炼油厂开始出现在它的雷达上。Nipat瞄准发射了两枚地狱火导弹。导弹有内置的金属探测器，它把金属坦克和船只搞错了)。第二次攻击失败了，但第一次成功袭击了油库和炼油厂。

A coded message was transmitted to Indian naval HQ at Bombay.  Jubilation and celebration swept through headquarters at the success of a truly audacious attack.

一条编码信息被传送到孟买的印度海军总部。总部对这一次大胆的攻击行动的成功感到欢欣鼓舞。

Ravi Pratap, studied at Wynberg Allen School, Mussoorie.
Answered Aug 3, 2016
These War Strategies Used By Indians Across Generations Are Mindblowing.

这些战争策略被印度世世代代使用，令人惊叹。



1.Elephant costumes for horses

1.给马匹带上大象的伪装。

Mewar rulers in India fooled opposition elephants by making their horses wear baby elephant trunks. Therefore, opponents' elephants would refuse to attack the horses thinking they were actually baby elephants. Maharana Pratap used this war tactic in the famous Battle of Haldi Ghati.

印度的米瓦尔统治者通过让他们的马带上小象鼻来愚弄敌方的大象。因此，对手的大象会拒绝攻击这些马匹，因为认为它们实际上是族人的幼崽。在着名的Haldi Ghati战役中，Maharana Pratap使用了这种战法。



2.Small gates inside forts in Rajasthan.

2.。拉贾斯坦邦堡垒里的小门。

In Rajasthan, forts were constructed in such a way that the gates to any room or hall were always way too small. At first, this seems like a construction error. But there's more to it. During a war situation, as the soldiers from the other troop entered and bent their heads to get in, soldiers standing next to the gate would chop their heads off. In fact, sometimes the gates would open to a dead end in front. Scary!

在拉贾斯坦邦，堡垒是这样建造的：通往任何房间或大厅的大门总是被设计的极小。乍一看这似乎是构造上的错误。但更重要的是战争期间，当另一支部队的士兵们进门时会低着头进入，这时站在大门旁边的士兵们就会砍下他们的头。事实上，有时大门敞开的方向是个死胡同，真是太可怕了！



3.Using South Indians in war to confuse Pakistanis.

3 在战争中利用南印度人来迷惑巴基斯坦人。

During the 1971 war, the Indian army deployed South Indian signal staff in order to confuse the Pakistanis who had a superior code breaking equipment than India at the time. The South Indians spoke in languages that were not easily known to the Pakistanis and this helped Indians communicate secretly.

在1971年的战争中，印度军队部署了南印度的信号人员，以迷惑当时拥有比印度优越的破译密码设备的巴基斯坦人。南印度人用巴基斯坦人不懂的语言通话说话，这有助于保持印度人交流的机密性。



4.Did you know Indians were pioneers in rocket artillery?

4 你知道印度人是火箭火炮的先驱吗？

Mysore was the first Indian state back in the day to use iron-cased rockets for military purposes. Hyder Ali, the 18th century ruler of Mysore, and even Tipu Sultan, used them against the British East India Company! Tipu Sultan even wrote the military manual Fathul Mujahiddin, which is considered a pioneer book in the field of rocket artillery.

迈索尔是当时第一个将铁壳火箭用于军事目的的印度邦。十八世纪迈索尔的统治者海德尔阿里，乃至提普苏丹都曾利用他们（火炮）来对抗英国东印度公司！蒂普苏丹甚至编写了一部军事手册，这被认为是火箭火炮领域的书籍的先驱。

5.When Indians spoke Russian.

5.。印度人说俄语的时候。

The Indian navy crew on-board the missile destroyer INS Nirghat, INS Nipat and INS Veer carried out communications with the HQ at Mumbai and the IAF in Russian. Not English or Hindi!

印度海军机组人员在导弹驱逐舰INS Nirghat，INS Nipat和INS Veer上与孟买总部以俄文IAF进行了通信。不是英语或印地语！

This was done to fool the Pakistani naval intelligence before the commencement, and during Operation Trident, as they could not trace the relations to any offensive sea movements by the Indian Navy. Operation Trident was followed by Operation Python which destroyed the Karachi port in the 1971 Indo-Pak war.

这样做是为了在三叉戟行动开始前和行动期间欺骗巴基斯坦海军情报部门，因为他们无法追踪到印度海军的任何进攻性海上行动。三叉戟行动之后是Python行动，它在1971年的印巴战争中摧毁了（巴基斯坦的）卡拉奇港口。

The Pakistan intelligence mistook this radio chatter as that of the Russian Navy far off in the Arabian Sea (far from Karachi) thinking that it may be related to counter the U.S. Navy movements in the region during the war. Poor Pakistanis, they had no clue what hit them. (Via Aniket Deshpande on Quora)

巴基斯坦情报部门将这一无线电谈话误认为是远在阿拉伯海(远离卡拉奇)的俄罗斯海军的谈话，认为这可能与战争期间美国海军在该地区的行动有关。可怜的巴基斯坦人，他们不知道是谁袭击了他们。

6.Sending torching bulls the enemy's way

6 向敌人驱赶焚烧的公牛。

Our very own Shivaji tied burning torches to the horns of bulls and set them free in large numbers in the dead of the night. From a distance, it appeared as if a large army was advancing to attack. Eventually, it just scared the hell out of enemy soldiers. 

我们自己的西瓦吉把燃烧的火把绑在公牛的角上，在夜深人静的时候释放了大量的火把。从远处看，似乎有一支庞大的军队正在发起进攻。最后，它把敌军吓得魂不附体。

Shivaji used this strategy to scare Shahistekhan's (Aurangzeb uncle) army. (Via Vijay Thorat on Quora)
7.The Maratha Warriors attacked in groups.

7 马拉塔勇士成群结队的进攻。

It was in the 17th century when the Marathas attacked the surrounding Muslim Kingdoms of Bijapur and Qutub Shahi, which had an outright numerical advantage and huge armies, but little knowledge of the geographical layout of the Western Ghats and the Deccan Plateau. They used to make a small group of soldiers and attack from mountains from different locations which made them look like a large group of soldiers.

那是在十七世纪，马拉塔人袭击了周围的穆斯林王国比贾普尔和库布勒沙希，这两个国家有着明显的数量优势和庞大的军队，但对西高止山脉的地理布局和德干高原知之甚少。他们过去派遣一小群士兵从不同地点从山上进攻，使他们看起来像一大群士兵。

This technique was used again during Mughal wars. (Via Deepak Mali on Quora)

这种战术在莫卧儿战争中再次使用。

Vivek Parichha, Wannabe mountaineer, backpacker, avid reader & dedicated to my country!!!
Answered Mar 4, 2016
There have been many a instances of interesting War Tactics being performed during wars by India. They include the Tangail Airdrop (1971 War), Tank Battle of Asal Uttar (1965) and many stories of sheer courage and presence of mind of the commanders during the 1999 OP VIJAY.

印度在战争期间实施了许多有趣的战争战术。其中包括坦噶尔空投(1971年战争)、阿萨尔北塔坦克战役(1965年)和许多充斥着纯粹勇气的故事。1999年维贾伊行动的指挥官至今尚存。

For now i will only deal with the Tangail Airdrop (just because am an ardent fan of FM Sam Maneckshaw who was the chief then) that took place during 1971 War for the Liberation of Bangladesh and was lead by Lt. Col. (later Major General) K S Pannu, Maha Veer Chakra under the codename OPERATION CACTUS LILY (name given to the entire series of events that had transpired including the airdrop).

现在我只想谈一下1971年孟加拉国解放战争期间发生的坦噶尔空投行动(因为我是山姆·马内克萧的狂热粉丝，他当时是指挥官)。由中校(后来为少将)K S Pannu，Maha Veer Chakra在代号为“仙人掌”行动(包括空投在内的一系列事件的名称)下进行的有效空运行动。

The Tangail Airdrop was an airborne operation mounted on 11 December 1971 by the 2nd Parachute Battalion Group of the Indian Army during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The main objective of the operation was the capture of Poongli Bridge on the Jamuna which would cut off the 93 Brigade of Pakistani Army which was retreating from the north to defend Dacca and its approaches. The Paratroop unit was also tasked to link up with the advancing Maratha Light Infantry on the ground to advance towards the East Pakistani capital. (that is what wikipedia plainly says)

坦噶尔空投是印度陆军第二伞营在1971年印巴战争期间于1971年12月11日进行的一次空中行动。这次行动的主要目的是夺取贾穆纳河上的庞利大桥，切断从北方撤退保卫达卡的巴基斯坦陆军93旅。 伞兵部队的任务也是与地面上前进的马拉塔轻步兵团协同，向巴基斯坦东部首都推进。(这是维基百科说的)

Tangail is around the centre near Dacca. As you can see in the map the positions of the Pakistan was such that it was meant to prevent Indian Forces to advance towards Dacca.

坦盖尔在达卡的中心附近。正如你在地图上所看到的，巴基斯坦的立场是为了阻止印度军队向达卡前进。

The Navy and Air Force played a crucial role during this part neutralising Pakistan Air Force in this sector and getting a favourable air situation or i can say superiority & the Navy kept the Pak Navy pinned down to its home bases and prevented it to carry out any support missions, everything happening simultaneously.

海军和空军在这方面发挥了关键作用，巴基斯坦空军在这一部门中立，并获得有利的空中形势，或者我可以说是优势&海军将巴基斯坦海军钉在其基地，阻止其执行任何支援任务，这一切都是同时发生的。

The Pakistan military thought that if the roads were blocked, the Indian Army would not be able to reach Dacca. During the first week of the war, the Indian Army tried to negotiate the rivers and be at the rear of the Pakistan Army.

巴基斯坦军方认为，如果道路被封锁印度军队将无法到达达卡。在战争的第一周，印度军队试图通过谈判解决河流问题，并让自己位于巴基斯坦军队的后方。

To the surprise of the Pakistan Army in the East, the Indian Army dropped troops of the Para Brigade in Tangail on December 12 in the rear of the Pakistani Forces.

令东部的巴基斯坦军队惊讶的是，12月12日印度军队将坦噶尔的Para旅部队空投到了巴基斯坦部队后方。

What was interesting in the tactics here was that almost for the first time Media assisted Psychological Warfare was done against the enemy troops by the Indian Commanders. Only a Battalion (2nd Parachute Battalion numbering 700 troops) were dropped who were to link up with 1 Maratha Li on ground. But the Public Relations Department in the Ministry of Defence was tasked to give huge publicity to the airdrop as though an entire Para Brigade has been airdropped (1 brigade = 3 Battalion, 2100 troops approx+supporting elements!!!)

这里最有趣的是，几乎是第一次，由媒体协助的心理战在印度指挥官的指挥下对敌军进行了打击。只有一个营(第二伞营700人)，他们将与1名马拉塔·李(Maratha Li)在地面上连在一起。但国防部公共关系司的任务是对空投进行大规模宣传，就像空投了整个Para旅一样(一个旅=3个营，2100人左右的支援部队！！！)

Even the the pictures that were published showing the airdrop were actually the training pictures of the Para forces that had been earlier clicked in Agra and were taken from the archives.

即使是在空中空投中公布的照片实际上也是早些时候在阿格拉拍摄的Para部队的训练照片，它是从档案馆拿的。

Added to that Sam Maneckshaw gave a speech in urdu that was aired in all radios that asked the Pakistani Troops to surrender as they were cut off from retreat, surrounded by Indian Forces and local people who hate them, an air force which has been neutralised and hence they would not be recieving any reinforcements and Navy bases which were now in control of Indian Navy.

此外，萨姆·曼内肖用乌尔都语上发表了一篇讲话，所有电台都播放了这篇讲话，要求巴基斯坦军队在被仇恨他们的印度军队和当地军队包围时投降。他们的空军部队已经瘫痪，因此不会等到任何援兵，而他们的海军基地已经在印度海军的控制之下。

The last nail in the coffin was when pre-printed Surrender Documents drafted by officials with the message of Sam Maneckshaw were air dropped in all areas of East Pakistan and on their army camps continously which freaked them out and later lead to the Surrender of around 90,000 Pakistani Troops.

棺材里的最后一枚钉子是由官员起草的带有萨姆·曼内肖信息的投降文件，在东巴基斯坦所有地区和他们的军营中被空投的这个文件把他们吓坏了，后来导致约90000巴基斯坦军队投降。

Even though the Pakistan forces were in large number and could have held on for weeks more, still they surrendered due to the heavy blow on their morale because of constant feedings from all sources.

尽管巴基斯坦军队人数众多，可能还能坚持几个星期，但由于不断从各个来源得到的假消息的刺激，他们仍因士气受到沉重打击而投降。

HELL OF A PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE TACTIC INDEED!!!

真是个心理战战术运用的经典案例！！！

[1] For the 1st person Account of the inside story, follow this link.
Syed Ahmad Uzair, Indian and proud.
Answered Feb 22, 2016
We can't say if they are the best tactics ever by the Indian Army, but these two events from the Indo-Pak war of 1971 are certainly worth a mention.

我们不能说这是印度军队有史以来最好的战术，但在1971年的印地安-帕克战争中无疑有两件事值得一提。

1.The Battle of Longewala during the Indo-Pak 1971 war :
Patrol reported a huge infantry of the Pakistani army approaching.
The nearest unit was 20 km away.
Though heavily outnumbered, the post was not abandoned.
Instead the strategic position of the post(above a huge sand-dune) was used to hold the enemy through the night while suffering minimal casualties.
In the morning HF-24 Maruts and Hawker Hunter air-crafts assisted them to tremendous victory.

1971年印度-帕克战争期间隆吉瓦拉战役：
巡逻队报告说，有一支庞大的巴基斯坦军队步兵正在逼近。
最近的单位已经在20公里外。
虽然人数众多，但哨所并未被放弃。
相反，这个岗位的战略位置(在一个巨大的沙丘之上)被用来在夜间以很小的伤亡代价阻击敌人。
在早晨，HF-24马鲁特和战斗机帮助他们取得了巨大的胜利。

This short is battle is regarded as one of the best The Indian Army has ever gone through.

这场短暂的战斗被认为是印度军队打过的最好的战役之一。

Theses numbers are enough to show the extent of the victory.

这些数字足以显示胜利的程度。

2.Liberation of Bangladesh in 1971:2.。

1971孟加拉国解放：

In April 1971, Indira Gandhi reportedly wanted the internal agitations in Bangladesh to end and was in the mood of a war.
The then General SAM Manekshaw directly refused saying that a battle now would result in Defeat.
Postponing the activity by 7 months, the army prepared and got itself equipped with the resources to fight a war.
On December 3, when the attack started, Pakistan surrendered within 13 days and Bangladesh was born.
This tactic saved a whole lot of money and thousands of lives and also gained world-wide attention.

1971年4月，据报道，英迪拉·甘地想结束孟加拉国的内部骚动，并暗暗酝酿着战争。
当时的SAM Manekshaw将军直接拒绝说，现在发动只会导致失败。
行动被推迟了7个月，此时军队做好了准备，并装备了足够的作战物资。
12月3日当袭击开始时，巴基斯坦在13天内投降，孟加拉国诞生。
这一策略拯救了大量金钱和数千条生命，也赢得了全世界的关注。