据BBC的一项民意调查称，中国和印度是最不受德国人欢迎的国家，为什么呢? [美国媒体]

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China and India are most disliked countries by Germans according to a BBC poll. Why is that so?

据BBC的一项民意调查称，中国和印度是最不受德国人欢迎的国家，为什么呢?


-------------译者：兜兜风ddf-审核者：roroho------------

Balaji Viswanathan, Knowledge lover. Updated Mar 16, 2017
Here are the German attitudes towards the influence of various countries according to the BBC poll Attitudes towards Countries.‘

根据英国广播公司“对世界各国的态度”的民意调查，一下德国对各国影响的态度。

While Germans have somewhat negative attitudes towards India and China [31% negative and 44% negative, respectively], they view the US influence and Russian influence even more negatively. Look at how they view the US influence.

尽管德国人对印度和中国的态度有些消极（分别为31％和44％），但他们在美国的影响力和俄罗斯的影响力上态度更为消极。看看他们是如何看待美国的影响力的。

The theme seems to be that Germans hate the big powers — bigger the power, bigger the negativity. It may stem from their own experiences of world wars or their own perceptions of how societies dissimilar to them work.

主题似乎是德国人讨厌大国——权力越大的，消极性越高。它可能源自他们自己的世界大战经历或他们对与他们社会运作方式不同的社会的看法。

Zhu Yixiao, know much about its politic, economy, and culture Updated Sep 16, 2015
Because of their rising manufacturing industry. Both of the two countries have very very cheap labour, in China, an educated collage student gets 3487 yuan in average, about 483 euros a month and in India, 10000 rupee means a large amount of money, but it only worths 134 euros. For the hot money, they have dollars and euros that can be used to pay the wages for the workers to cut down a lot of cost. That's why they choose China and India to build their factories.

由于制造业的崛起，这两个国家的劳动力都非常非常廉价；在中国，一个受过良好教育的大学学生薪资平均水平为3487元，约每月赚483欧元，在印度，1万卢比意味着一大笔钱，但它只值134欧元。而游资方面，（译注：游资指(为获取高利或保障币值而)由一国转移至另一国的流动资金），他们有美元和欧元可以用来支付工人的工资以大减成本。这就是他们选择在中国和印度建厂的原因。

How can German companies defeat corporations in China and India? High quality that products made in China and India can not reach? That's true just today. Goods "made in Germany" signifies high quality, and certainly benefits Germans quite a lot. But, if one day China and India developed their own high-end goods? That's the nightmare of Germany. And I can see it in several manufacturies such like Huawei. They are are trying their best, their phones are almost as good as Samsung and Apple in my opinion, so does the high-speed railway.

德国公司要如何击败中国和印度的公司？制造出那种中国和印度制造的产品达不到的高质量吗？在当今这个时代确实是如此。 “德国制造”的商品就意味着高品质，而这给德国人带来很大好处。但是，如果有一天中国和印度开发出了自己的高端商品？那这对德国来说就是噩梦了。我可以在像华为这样的几家厂商看到这种趋势。在我看来，他们正在尽全力，他们的手机几乎和三星和苹果一样好，高速铁路也是一样。

Why to hate China and India? You can now clearly understand tha attitude of Berlin, wanna to have stronger connection with Beijing, and at the same time, fears to be destroyed.

为什么要讨厌中国和印度？你现在可以清楚地理解柏林这方的态度了，他们希望能与北京建立起更强的联系，同时又也害怕会被北京摧毁。

It's a survival competition. The wager is the country, the people, the wealth. The winner takes all, the loser loses all.

这是一场生存竞赛。赌注是国家、人民和财富。胜者捧冠夺得一切，败者则失去一切。

Can local people conprehend? Very hard, for immigrants having extremely different culture, religion. Immigrants can't accept Europeans, too. Once they have the chance to go away, they will certainly leave, cause local economy remaining in deep recession. Spain, Italy, Portual and Greece are suffering now. What would happen if one day another Great Drepression hit the world? Only god can tell us.

当地人可以理解吗？对于文化和宗教极其不同的移民来说，这很困难。移民也不能接受欧洲人。一旦他们有机会离开，他们就一定会离开，这导致当地经济仍然处于严重衰退之中。西班牙、意大利、葡萄牙和希腊正在遭受痛苦。如果有天又发生了次大危机的话我们该怎么办？只有上帝能告诉我们答案。

-------------译者：兜兜风ddf-审核者：roroho------------

Simon Datta, lives in Hong Kong Updated Jan 10, 2017
This question is best answered if you look at the poll results below which gives a fair idea where Germany, China and India stand in world perception. People fail to realise that today China and India are the world’s 2nd and 3rd biggest economies and are still developing and ahead of Germany but still poorer in per capita income and HDI ( Human Development Index) owing to their huge populations and slow development.

如果你看了下面的民意调查结果，它就是这个问题最好的答案，这个调查结果给出了德国、中国和印度在世界上的立场。人们没有意识到，如今中国和印度是世界第二大和第三大经济体，并且仍在发展和领先于德国，但由于人口众多，发展缓慢，人均收入和人类发展指数仍然较差。

Attitudes towards Countries
BBC poll: Germany most popular country in the world - BBC News
If we see the above polls China has a positive image from before and India too is climbing up the ladder. Imagine if China were to rate Japan it will be viewed highly negatively although it is rated very highly in the world and the same can be said of Pakistan if they rated India..it will be rated highly negative.

对世界国家的看法
BBC民意调查：在德国最受欢迎的国家 - BBC新闻（此两条为网友回复中的链接）
我们看到上述民意调查显示中国较之前有一个积极的形象，印度的形象也正在提升。想象一下，如果让中国评估日本，结果肯定会非常负面，尽管日本在世界上的评价非常高。同样如果让印度评价巴基斯坦......巴基斯坦也会得到高度负面的评价。

I do not give much credence to such polls as different countries have different perceptions vis-a-vis their own economic interests. China is an economic competitor in manufactured goods while India is good in IT, Science & Technology and Services due to its skilled manpower. It is challenging Germany’s dominance in many fields . Germany is the biggest economy in Europe and it feels it may lose its prominence with the emergence and rise of China and India although both are still developing and have a lot to catch up, however they were once the mighty empires in their own rights.

我不太相信这样的民意调查，因为不同的国家对自己的经济利益有不同的看法。中国是制成品的经济佼佼竞争者，而印度由于其丰富的熟练劳动力资源，在IT、科技和服务方面表现出色。德国在许多领域的主导地位都在被挑战。德国是欧洲最大的经济体，它认为随着中国和印度的兴起，它可能会失去其地位，虽然两国仍是发展中国家且仍有很多事情要努力赶上，但他们（中国印度）都曾是强大的帝国。

Both China and India are the future, - the economic threat perception for any country from these two rising powers including Germany is quite understandable . Let us also not forget that both Germany and Japan were the two WW2 aggressors that inflicted massive death and destruction and yet the world gradually accepted them in their fold though China and South Korea have still not forgiven Japan for its atrocities. Dislike is not the right word, Germany like UK and France too feel that China’s playing field is not a level playing field which over protects the local players to the detriment of foreigners while India has too much red tape . We must not see too much in such polls.

中国和印度是未来之势——任何国家对他们正在上涨的力量所产生的经济威胁的感知都是可以理解的，德国也不例外。我们也不要忘记，德国和日本是造成大规模死亡和破坏的两个二战侵略者，尽管中国和韩国仍然没有原谅日本的暴行，但世界逐渐接受了德国和日本。不喜欢这个词用的不对，德国人也喜欢英国和法国，认为中国的竞技场不是一个公平的竞争环境，它过度保护本地人而不利于外国人，而印度有太多繁文缛节。我们不应该把这些民意调查结果看得太重。

-------------译者：兜兜风ddf-审核者：roroho------------

Gabriel Chan, Overseas Chinese（华侨） Answered Sep 14, 2015
If the stereotypes are any indication... it comes down to mismanaged expectations and just lack of understanding of Chinese and Indian culture.

如果有隐含任何刻板印象的迹象......那么原因可归结为错误的期望和对中国和印度文化的不了解。

Germans take yes for yes, and no or no. For Chinese, yes is probably and no is maybe. For South Asians, yes is no problem, and no is no problem.

德国人说"yes"就是“是”，说“no”就是“不是”。对于中国人来说，“yes”有可能表示是，也有可能表示不是。对于南亚人来说，yes表示没问题，no也表示没问题。

Germans might think Chinese cannot be trusted. In some ways, they are absolutely correct... because even Chinese think Chinese cannot be trusted, especially in terms of Mainland China. It's easy to blame the culture or race of the people, but this is not the fault of the individual or upbringing but of the society and the system. Why do Chinese manufacturing companies cut corners unlike the Japanese? The top answer nails it perfectly: even if the individual is trustworthy, other parts of the supply chain may not be, so it tarnishes the finished product. This is applicable in manufactured products, and it is applicable in everyday behaviours. Basically, Chinese tend to over-promise, and under-deliver.

德国人可能认为中国人不可信。在某些方面，他们这么想是对的......因为即使是中国人自己也认为中国人不可全信，特别是在中国大陆方面。指摘人们的文化或种族很容易，但这不是个人或教养的错误，而是社会和体系的错误。中国制造企业为什么要偷工减料走捷径，而不像德日那样做？最好的答案是：即使个人是值得信赖的，但供应链的其他部分可能不是，所以它会玷污成品。这适用于制造产品，并且适用于日常行为。基本上，中国人倾向于过分承诺，但又不能全做到。

Indians (and South Asians aka brown people, in general) are similarly faulted. I would know because I have worked with both. You walk into a Chinese store, they will try to hustle you on price (and then you hustle them back). If you negotiate with a brown person, you typically get "no problem no problem" accompanied by the side-tilt-head-bobbing. But no problem is rarely no problem, and this is a classic example of over-promise, under-deliver, or sometimes no-deliver.

印度人（和南亚人，一般也被称为棕色人）也有同样的错误。我会知道是因为我曾与两国人都合作过。你走进一家中国商店，他们会试图哄抬价格（然后你再试图把价格杀低下去）。如果你与一个棕色人谈判，你通常会得到“没有问题没有问题”的回答和稍稍侧头摇头的动作。但“没问题”很少是真的没问题的，这是过度承诺，​​交货不足或有时交不出货的典型例子。

Obviously, it doesn't mean no Chinese or Indian can be trusted, but patience is a big part of working with Chinese and Indians.

显然，这并不意味着中国人或印度人不可信，但要与中国人和印度人合作耐心很重要。

There is also an issue of punctuality: some Chinese are always punctual and some Chinese are chronically late (and I noticed that Hongkongers tend to be late a lot, but they are always giving live update on their position). Indians however are universally late. They run on IST (Indian Stretchable Time), so meeting at 3pm actually means 4...ish. News flash: Germans are ALWAYS punctual. Being over 10 min late for work is legit grounds for dismissal.

还有一个准时问题：一些中国人总是准时的，一些中国人长期迟交货（我注意到香港人往往会迟交货很久，但他们总是对他们的情况进行实时更新）。印度人反之则普遍晚交货。他们总是活用“印式灵活安排时间制”，所以他们约下午3点会面实际上意味着4点左右会面.....快讯一条：德国人总是守时。上班迟到超过10分钟是解雇员工的合法理由。

Chinese and Indians are no strangers to bribing and bending the rules. But German culture encourages people to be straight as an arrow. Corruption is rampant in China and India, but non-existent in Germany to the casual observer. A German may feel superior to Chinese and Indians for this.

中国人和印度人会贿赂和弯曲这些规则。但是德国文化鼓励人们像箭一样笔直。中国和印度的腐败现象十分猖獗，但就是外行的观察者也可以看出，这种腐败现象在德国并不存在。基于这点，德国人可能会感觉自己优于中国人和印度人。

Addendum: politics
The German psyche is forever in debt to the world for the dark ages of 1933-1945, and zealously searches for redemption wherever it can find it. Germans do not tolerate human rights abuses.

德国人因1933-1945年的黑暗时代永远对世界有亏欠感，并且在任何方面都积极地寻求救赎。德国人不容忍侵犯人权的行为。

China is (in)famous for its issues with ethnic minorities, especially Uyghurs and Tibetans. I find it very curious that Tibet and sometimes Xinjiang is marked as a separate country on world maps in Germany, even though both regions are clearly internationally recognized sovereign Chinese territories since the 18th century. Regardless, I think this is disrespectful to China and also represents a misunderstanding of the issues at hand. And then there is the persecution of Falun Gong, which may be reminiscent of Europe's own medi inquisitions., though it is ironic that Germany persecutes Scientology, just not as harshly.

中国因（少数民族）问题而闻名，特别是维吾尔族和西藏人。我觉得很奇怪，西藏有时新疆在德国的世界地图上被标记为一个独立的国家，尽管自18世纪以来这两个地区显然都是国际公认的中国主权领土。不管怎样，我认为这对中国是不尊重的，也显示出了（德国人）在当前问题上的误解。然后是FL功的迫害，这可能让人联想到欧洲自己的调查机构，尽管讽刺的是德国也有做出迫害过科学教的做法，但没中国的那场迫害那么苛刻。

India also has its fair share of famous human rights issues. The caste system is seen as backwards and traps many people in serfdom or slavery. Germans and most of the world do not appreciate the deep cultural and religious influences that keep the caste system in place. Sure, it could be reformed, but abolishing it is another matter. The prence of rape incidents in India tarnishes Indians not only in Germany, but the world. And in related grievances: women rights! Germany is a world leader in gender equality (though I argue the inequality is more sophisticated), and perhaps see the subcontinent as a backwards region where it is much better to be a man than a woman.

印度也有很多着名的人权问题。种姓制度被视为倒退，并让许多人深陷农奴制或奴隶制。德国人和世界上大多数人都不赞赏保持种姓制度的深层文化和宗教影响。当然，它可以改革，但废除它又是另一回事。印度强奸事件的发生使得不仅是德国，而是玷污了全世界对印度人的看法败坏了印度人的名声。还有与之相关的不平苦难的问题是：女性权利！德国在性别平等方面处于世界领先地位（尽管我认为这种不平等更为复杂），也许这就是德国人视这个在这里当男人比女人好的次大陆为落后地区的原因。

Note that female infanticide is a major issue in China and India.

请注意，杀害女婴在中国和印度是个大问题。

Also, I don't know why, but it seems Germans like East Asians more than South Asians. I suspect that this is tied to the perception of how hard working Chinese and Indians are with respect to their countries' economies.

另外，我不知道为什么，但似乎德国人喜欢东亚人胜过南亚人。我怀疑这与中国人和印度人在国家经济方面工作的努力有关。

After typing so much, I sort of feel uneasy publishing this, because this is all speculative and unscientific, but oh well, I hope this spurs some constructive discussions and hopefully Germans won't dislike China and India so much in the future.

在打完这么一段文字后，我觉得要点发布出去有点难，因为这全是投机性的不科学的，但是，我希望这会促进一些建设性的讨论，并希望德国人在未来不会太讨厌中国和印度。

-------------译者：兜兜风ddf-审核者：roroho------------

Pia Heldermann, Lawyer with focus on IT/IP (2007-present) Answered 12h ago
The BBC World Service poll asks 15 thousand to 30 thousand people in around 20 countries around the world, so it is representative.

英国广播公司世界服务组织的一项民意调查，全球约20个国家有1.5万至3万人参加，因此这调查具有代表性。

But the poll, which is conducted every couple of years, is not about “liking” or “disliking”.

但是这项每两年进行一次的调查重点不在“喜欢”或“不喜欢”上。

It asks respondents to rate 16 countries and the EU on whether their influence in the world is “mostly positive” or “mostly negative.”

它要求受访者对16个国家和欧盟对其在世界上的影响是“主要是正面”还是“大多是负面”而给予评价。

This is the exact question:

以下就是该调查中出现的原本问题：

Please tell me if you think each of the following contries are having a mainly positive or mainly negative influence in the world: …

请告诉我，你认为以下每个国家在世界上的影响主要是积极的还是消极的：......

So even if you really like a country, you may think the influence of that country in the world is maybe mostly negative. I think this is specially true for the German view on India.

所以，即使你真的很喜欢一个国家，你也许会认为这个国家在世界上的影响可能大多是负面的。我认为德国对印度的观点尤其如此。

China:

中国：

Most Germans think that a country which is not democratic has mostly negative influence in the world. Furthermore environment is very important for Germans, lots of tree-huggers here. And China is kind of an eco-desaster. The company Huawei did a big study with the German Institute of Global and Area Studies and the University Duisburg to find out, why Germans see China negatively. The majority of Germans chose the reason “political issues”. Only a minority of Germans chose “economical mistrust”. An explanation is that a lot of Germans are somehow still in the time of the Tiananmen Square Massacre. That China has given up the 1-child-policy, loosened the Hukou system and is coping with corruption Germans unfortunately often fail to notice.

大多数德国人认为，一个不民主的国家在世界上多半是负面影响。此外，环境对德国人来说非常重要，德国有许多环境保护狂。然后中国有点像是个生态灾难制造者。华为公司与德国全球和地区研究所以及杜伊斯堡大学一起进行了一项大型研究，以了解德国人为什么对中国存有负面看法。大多数德国人的理由是“政治问题”。只有少数德国人的理由是“经济不信任”。对此的一个解释是，很多德国人在某种程度上仍然处于TAM屠杀事件的时期。中国放弃了独生子女政策，放宽了户口制度并积极应对腐败的壮举，很不幸德国人通常都没注意到。

India:

印度:

India on the other hand is a democracy, but the situation of women and girls in India is completely unacceptable for Germans. Since the Delhi Gang rape 2012 this really is a constant topic in Germany. And Germans judge India quite hard, because India is a democracy and a major economical power. So until India does not get control of this problem in society, which for sure will take a whole generation, Germans will probably rate Indias influence in the world not very positive.

另一方面，印度是一个民主国家，但印度的妇女和女孩的状况对德国人来说是完全不能接受的。自2012新德里的那场恶性轮奸事件以来，这在德国仍是个会经常讨论的话题。德国人评价印度的标准很是严格，因为印度是一个民主国家和主要的经济大国。因此，直到印度能控制这个社会问题，而这肯定会耗费整整一代人的时间，德国人可能仍会认为印度在世界上的影响力不是很积极。

But on the other hand India has historically a really glorified, mystic, exotic image in Germany. In literature of the Romantic period India is described as an idyllic world, specially Novalis, Hermann Hesse, Johann Gottfried Herder and the Schlegel brothers are known for their absolute enthusiasm towards India. And Germany has the highest amount of academic chairs of Sanskrit besides India. So this is all still in German society. Some people even think India is the best country to drop out from “corrupted” western societies. I am really not sure if India drives Europeans nuts or European nutcases go to India.

但另一方面，在过去，印度对德国来说是一个荣耀的、神秘的、充满异国情调的国家形象。在浪漫主义时期的文学中，印度被描述成是世外桃源，特别是诺瓦利斯（德国诗人）、赫尔曼·海塞（诺贝尔文学奖获得者）、约翰·戈特弗里德·赫尔德和施来格尔兄弟都以对印度的绝对热情而闻名。除了印度，德国举办过最多场的梵文学术讲座。所以德国社会对印度仍是这种认知。有些人甚至认为印度是脱离“腐败”西方社会外的最佳国家。我真的不确定是印度把欧洲人给逼疯了，还是欧洲的疯子都跑到印度去了。

So the whole picture of India in Germany is very ambigous, which the BBC poll simply cannot illustrate.

因此，德国对印度的整体认知非常模糊，BBC的民意调查根本无法说明什么。