（美国政府）禁止美国公司向中国中兴通讯设备公司销售产品（华盛顿邮报文章+红迪评... [美国媒体]

U.S.companies banned from selling to China’s ZTE telecom maker

（美国政府）禁止美国公司向中国中兴通讯设备公司销售产品（华盛顿邮报文章+红迪评论）



简介：4月16日，美国商务部网站公告，7年内禁止美国企业与中兴通讯开展任何业务往来。公告称，中兴违反了2017年与美国政府达成的和解协议。当时，美国政府指控中兴非法将设备（包括列入限制出口名单的美国零部件）出售给伊朗和朝鲜。由于中兴的基带芯片、射频芯片、存储、大部分光器件均来自美国，此次事件对中兴短期内影响重大。中兴通讯A股、H股在4月17日早间相继发布停牌公告。

The Commerce Department on Monday barred U.S. companies from exporting to Chinese telecom equipment maker ZTE for seven years, saying the company had violated a previous settlement of criminal and civil charges for making illegal shipments to Iran and North Korea.

周一美国商务部禁止美国公司在7年内向中国电信设备制造商中兴(ZTE)出口产品，称该公司违反了此前对伊朗和朝鲜非法的产品出口的刑事和民事指控的庭外和解方案。

Under the terms of the 2017 settlement, ZTE agreed to pay the United States $1.19 billion in fines and punish the employees involved in breaching U.S. sanctions by shipping telecommunications equipment to Iran and making 283 shipments of microprocessors, routers and servers to North Korea.

根据2017年和解协议的条款，中兴同意向美国支付11.9亿美元的罚款，并惩罚那些违反美国禁运制裁，向伊朗运送电信设备，并向朝鲜运送283个微处理器、路由器和服务器的员工。

The penalty was the largest fine and forfeiture ever levied in an export control case, Commerce said at the time.

商务部当时表示，这个罚款是在出口管制案件中征收的最大罚款和罚金。

The settlement included a denial of the company’s export privileges for seven years, which was suspended based on ZTE’s promises to implement a new compliance program and to punish the employees involved. Senior Commerce Department officials, who insisted on anonymity to brief reporters, said ZTE repeatedly lied to the United States about its treatment of workers who participated in the scheme to outwit U.S. sanctions.

和解协议包括对该公司7年的出口特权予以拒绝，该协议基于中兴承诺实施一项新的合规计划，并对涉案员工进行惩罚。坚持匿名的美国商务部高级官员向记者表示，中兴通讯多次对参与绕过美国制裁的员工待遇方面向美国撒谎。

ZTE fired four executives, but others who were supposed to suffer a reduced bonus or letter of reprimand were not penalized.  Commerce said it learned that the company had lied when it requested documentation of the employee discipline.

中兴公司解雇了四名高管，但其余会被扣除奖金或被警告的员工则没有受到处罚。商务部表示，该部获悉，中兴在制作员工纪律守则文档时撒了谎。

“ZTE misled the Department of Commerce. Instead of reprimanding ZTE staff and senior management, ZTE rewarded them. This egregious behavior cannot be ignored,” Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross said in a statement.

中兴误导了商务部。中兴通讯并没有对中兴通讯员工和高管进行谴责，而是对他们进行了奖励。商务部长威尔伯·罗斯在一份声明中说。

The department’s action comes amid escalating trade tensions between the United States and China. But department officials described the matter as a regulatory action unrelated to the exchange of tariff threats between Washington and Beijing.

在美国和中国之间的贸易紧张局势不断升级之际，该部门采取了行动。但美国国务院官员将此事描述为与华盛顿和北京之间的关税威胁无关的监管行动。

ZTE violated U.S. sanctions over a six-year period beginning in 2010 and obtained “hundreds of millions of dollars in contracts” from Iranian enterprises including the government, the agency said.
Commerce began investigating the company two years later following media reports alleging illegal conduct.

该机构表示，中兴在2010年开始的6年期间违反了美国的制裁，并获得了伊朗政府和企业“数亿美元的合同”。两年后，媒体报道称中兴有非法行为，商务部开始调查该公司。

Monday’s regulatory move deals ZTE a major blow.“In essence, it strangles their ability to obtain essential components in the United States,” said David Laufman, a former Justice Department official who oversaw the criminal prosecution of the company. “In the near and medium term, it’s going to be extremely damaging to ZTE.”

周一的监管举措令中兴通讯遭受重大打击。前司法部负责监管该公司的刑事诉讼的官员大卫·劳夫曼说：“从本质上说，监管措施扼杀了它们在美国获得基本零部件的能力，在近期和中期，中兴通讯将受到极大的损害。”

[–]LiveForPanda 6 指标
Was there an UN resolution to sanction Iran? If no, why would a foreign company abide by US government's unilateral policy?

这是联合国制裁伊朗的决议吗?如果不是，为什么外国公司要遵守美国政府的单边政策?

[–]Mac101 10 指标
Because these are US sanctions imposed on Iran which its trading partners have to comply with. If a foreign company in this case ZTE wants to continue doing business with the US they have to abide with the sanctions. They have to choose a side the US or Iran.

因为这些是美国对伊朗实施的制裁，其贸易伙伴必须遵守。如果在这种情况下，中兴通讯希望继续与美国做生意，他们必须遵守制裁。他们必须选择美国或伊朗。

[–]tmpxyz 1 指标
This is American world order, you have to obey or get sanctioned/bombed.

这是美国的世界秩序，你如果不服从，就会受到制裁或轰炸。

[–]uber_kerbonaut 9 指标 
Acacia communications $ACIA, an American company that makes fiber optics, was hit really hard by this. Miraculously, I sold my position a few weeks ago.

ACIA，一家制造光纤的美国公司，受到了很大的打击。神奇的是，我几周前卖掉了我的股票。

[–]gaiusmariusj 13 指标 
I mean, we are complaining about China not buying enough (or selling too much) so if we are preventing them from buying . . .

我的意思是，如果我们阻止他们购买的话……，我们为何还抱怨中国买得不够(或者卖得太多)

[–]novice-user 5 指标 
But where will my carrier get its low-end phones from now?!?

但是从现在起，我的运营商将从哪里得到低端手机呢?

[–]real_sadboi 3 指标 
ZTE can still sell here, they just can't use US components (so, they're forced to use the crappy alternative to Snapdragon, Mediatek). Mediatek chips are pretty mediocre, it'll lead to declining sales (and it's not like they sold that many phones anyway) and ZTE will disappear.

中兴通讯仍然可以在这里销售，他们只是不能使用我们的组件(所以，他们被迫使用糟糕的选择-联发科技来替代高通骁龙)。联发科的芯片相当平庸，它会导致销量下滑(而且他们也没卖那么多手机)，中兴通讯也会消失。

[–]FMinus1138 2 指标 
Qualcomm might disappear just as soon as ZTE, or sooner.

中兴一消失，高通可能就会很快消失，或者更快。

[–]PM_Me_Melted_Faces 1 指标 
Really? Don't they have the market pretty much cornered with snapdragon?

真的吗?难道他们的市场不是已经被高通骁龙垄断了吗?

[–]FMinus1138 3 指标 
Not really cornered, they have some vital patents, but when it comes to SoCs, it's not like they are so much superior if at all to all the competitors on the market. They are present in the vast majority of product on the market, but they aren't doing that great if you look at their stock, and not being able to sell to China soon and supposedly Apple dropping them and Broadcom for Mediatek or someone similar, might present problems for them.

他们并没有陷入困境，他们拥有一些重要的专利，但是当涉及到芯片的时候，他们并不像市场上所有的竞争者都那么优秀。他们有市场上绝大多数产品，但如果你看他们的股票，他们就不会做得那么好，而且他们不能很快地卖给中国，据说苹果放弃了他们，而博通、联发科以及其他公司也类似，可能会给他们带来麻烦。

[–]Morgax -2 指标 
Funny how the US gov decides to step in with regulations when it suits certain favored corporate interests.

有趣的是，美国政府在符合某些特定企业利益的情况下作出决定，采取相应的监管措施。

[–]BullTerrierTerror 10 指标
So does China. Alibaba has 80% of the e-commerce market in mainland China. It's allowed to exist as a monopoly because it's in the best interest of the CCP.

中国也是如此。阿里巴巴在中国大陆拥有80%的电子商务市场。它被允许作为垄断者存在，因为它符合中国的最大利益。

[–]MooseManBoi 2 指标
How is it favored by US corporate interests? They're a very low percentage of the US handheld market, and this will directly impact American jobs (While they don't do too hot here, they sell quite a few phones internationally)... Qualcomm, Intel, Microsoft, Google all will be negatively impacted by this

为什么说中兴对美国企业的利益有好处?他们在美国手持终端市场中所占的比例非常低，这将直接影响到美国人的工作(虽然他们在这里不太火，但他们在国际上销售相当多的手机)……高通，英特尔，微软，谷歌都将受到负面影响。

[–]Quil0n 27 指标 
The title made this sound like something the Xiaomi case with fears of the Chinese govt spying on the US or something, but it’s just a sanctions penalty. ZTE wasn’t even that important anyway.

这听起来跟小米的案例差不多，害怕中国政府对美国或其他国家进行间谍活动，但这只是一种制裁惩罚。无论如何，中兴通讯都不是那么重要。

[–]Bvllish 9 指标 
99% chance there are ulterior geopolitical motives.

这件事99%是因为有不可告人的地缘政治动机。

[–]animeman59 19 指标
Well, yeah, because they sold US parts and equipment to countries that are under heavy international sanctions.

嗯，是的，因为他们把美国的零件和设备卖给那些受到严重国际制裁的国家。

[–]Bvllish 10 指标 
Nonono, this is not for selling parts to sanctioned countries. They already paid for that one with a near $1 billion fine and firing a bunch of hi-level employees. This is for purportedly not punishing some of the other employees hard enough.
And to add, I just looked at their financials, $1 billion is a LOT of money for this company; 5 years of net income. It would be like fining Intel $50 billion.
This company already paid $1 billion in fines AND fired a bunch of employees, you think they'd make some stupid mistake and fail to reprimand lower level employees, risk half their livelihood, let that fine go to waste? Truth is trying a Chinese company today in the US is like trying a black guy in 1950 Alabama.

不不不，不是因为卖零件给受制裁的国家。他们已经支付了近10亿美元的罚金，并解雇了一批高级别员工。这次制裁据称是因为中兴对其他员工惩罚的不够。另外，我只看了他们的财务报表，10亿美元对这家公司来说是一大笔钱;5年的净收入。这就像对英特尔罚款500亿美元一样。

这家公司已经支付了10亿美元的罚款并解雇了一群员工，你认为他们会冒着巨大的风险，犯了一些愚蠢的错误，并没有训斥低级员工，让罚款白白浪费掉吗?事实上，今天在美国跟一家中国公司做生意就像在1950年阿拉巴马州接触一个黑人一样。

[–]L4cer8 6 指标 
Truth is trying a Chinese company today in the US is like trying a black guy in 1950 Alabama.
Yup, and this is now the reality of things with us on the outside looking in on Chinese trade. Thanks, Republicans.

是的，这就是我们在外面看到的关于中国贸易的现实。谢谢,共和党人。

[–]testas22 3 指标 
They're important to me, since I'm posting this from my Axon 7, and eagerly awaiting the 8 or whatever it'll be. So this news kinda bums me out.

中兴对我来说很重要，因为我从中兴天机7上发布了这条信息，正急切地等待着8号或其他产品。所以这条消息让我有点不高兴。

[–]fiscotte 2 指标 
Yeah the axon 7 is such a great phone I love it

是的，天机7是一款很棒的手机，我喜欢。

[–]skilliard7 6 指标
This is going to hurt a lot of us businesses that sell to them. Imagine taking a 5, 10, 20% cut to sales/revenue because of this.

这将伤害到许多向他们出售产品的美国企业。想象一下，由于这个原因，你要削减5、10、20%的销售收入。

[–]narwi 3 指标 
Yes, this is very much a two edged sword. Also, if ZTE survives and finds non-US replacements, future embargo power goes down.

是的，这是一把双刃剑。此外，如果中兴通讯得以幸存并找到非美国的替代者，未来的禁运的力道将会下降。

[–]Wade Chang, works at San Diego, CA
The evidence of ZTE's violation has been posted on the website of U.S. Commerce Department. There are leaked ZTE internal documents to show that ZTE management has planned to violate US commerce laws. You may argue the timing of the sanctions but fact of violations is undeniable after reading these documents.

中兴通讯违规的证据已被公布在美国商务部网站上。有泄露的中兴通讯内部文件显示，中兴管理层计划违反美国商法。你可能会争辩说，制裁的时机，但在阅读这些文件之后，（中兴）违反法律的事实的是不可否认的。

[–]Paul Denlinger
I think that this is done mainly for US domestic reasons.Many critics of the Obama administration have said that it is being too soft on companies which violated trade sanctions on Iran when they were in effect, and sanctioning Iran is the Obama administration's way of saying: "Look, we have sanctioned ZTE, which is a major Chinese telecommunications supplier!"Obviously, ZTE did not take the proper precautions from being sanctioned, and their luck ran out.Their management just was not very smart.

我认为这主要是出于美国国内的原因。许多批评奥巴马政府的人说，对于那些违反对伊朗实施的贸易制裁的公司来说，奥巴马太过软弱，而制裁伊朗是奥巴马政府的说法:“看，我们已经制裁了中兴通讯，中兴是中国主要的电信供应商!”很明显，中兴通讯并没有采取适当的预防措施，他们的运气也没了。他们的管理不太明智。