【龙腾网字幕组】自由主义：它从哪里来？它的日子已经屈指可数了吗？ [美国媒体]

【龙腾网字幕组】自由主义：它从哪里来？它的日子已经屈指可数了吗？

【标题】Liberalism -  where did it come from and are its days numbered - The Economist

【来源】https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KO8OxfFiVv8

【制作】翻译/校对/压制：：宛如诗

【网盘】链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ah9tO_3-nSdKHzGf9E42KQ 密码: pctu

【站外播放】http://www.acfun.cn/v/ac4339824

【视频】



Stephen Johnson
The term liberalism was hijacked by socialists mid century.  That's why freedoms are being replaced by unsustainable public bribes.

自由主义一词在本世纪中叶被社会主义者劫持，这就是为什么自由正被不可持续的公共贿赂所取代。

mystery guest
Make liberalism great again.

让自由主义再次伟大。

rob roberts
another progressive trying to cloak themselves as liberal.

另一个试图伪装成自由派的进步派（progressive，改革论者，进步主义）分子。

Jusonn99
Social Justice and identity politics are as far from liberal as possible

社会公正和身份政治（identity politics，又称认同政治）离自由主义越远越好。

Daniel Di Martino
There' s a large difference between classical liberals and the new leftist liberals

古典自由主义者和新左派自由主义者之间有很大的不同。

Evilsamar
Liberalism, as most things, has stages.
Not caring what race, nationality, orientation or income bracket someone belongs in is good liberalism.

自由主义，就像大多数事物一样，有阶段。
不关心一个人所属的种族、国籍、取向或收入阶层就是好的自由主义。

TheGreatgan
There is nothing in common between the classical liberal n modren progressive.. that simple.. using its name does not mean it was still the same thing. 
People that choose Trump were often simply chosing the lesser evil.. most of them really2 hate Trump. BUT they fear the modren progressive more

古典自由主义者和进步派之间没有什么共同之处...很简单的...用它的名字并不意味着它仍然是一样的东西。
选择特朗普的人往往只是选择了较小的邪恶...他们中的大多数人其实很讨厌特朗普，但是他们更害怕现代进步主义。

BrumleyKriss
It seems odd that you represent liberalism with American hipsters. Liberalism is the defence of a free and open society against the anti-individual collectivism of socialism, racialism or large state authoritarianism. Liberalism has indeed been hijacked by American bearded people calling for political correctness. Simply call them illiberals.

你认为那些美国潮人代表着自由主义的观点看起来似乎很奇怪。
自由主义是对自由和开放社会的捍卫，反对社会主义、种族主义或大国家威权主义，集体主义。
自由主义确实被那些要求政治正确的留着胡子的美国人劫持了，说简单点，他们就是一群假自由主义者。

Bernardo Rocha
I think this word could be divided in two:
Market liberalism (conservative in social affairs, but liberal in market ones) = right wing
Social liberalism (literalism practiced in social affairs, intervention in market) = left wing
I think that, as all that is human, nothing is simple, as this word who's meaning is changing. 

我认为这个词可以分为两部分：
市场自由主义 ( 社会事务上保守，市场事务上自由) = 右翼。
社会自由主义 ( 在社会事务中实践自由主义，对市场进行干预 ) = 左翼
我认为，就像人一样，没有什么是简单的，因为这个词的意思正在改变。

nazongo
Populist just got support from those who think like them, once you are affected by a populist decision turn that all this time you was a liberal and bias. Thanks god this right movements are going to fall soon they are already failures in Europe of those populist right wing governments. And of course Trump stupidity is the best example of it.

民粹主义者刚刚得到了那些和他们一样思考的人的支持，一旦你受到一个民粹主义决策的影响，你就会变成一个“自由主义者”和偏见主义者，谢天谢地，这些右翼运动很快就要垮台了，这些右翼民粹主义政府在欧洲已经失败了。当然，特朗普的愚蠢就是最好的例子。

Scott Martin
Well done! Exactly the sort of clear headed, reasonably unbiased approach I admire the Economist for, beyond your 'capital-centric' tendencies. Now how about lowering the subscription price to a more 'working-class centric' level, eh!

干得好！我钦佩的正是《经济学人》这种头脑清醒、相当不偏不倚，超越“以资本为中心”倾向的态度，好吧，你们是不是考虑一下把订阅价格降低到一个更“以工人阶级为中心”的水平，嗯！

Joseph Molto
Calling Hobbes a 'liberal' is controversial to say the least, although the reason here seems to be to present liberalism as simply the basic intellectual underpinnings of modernism. That raises the question of whether Liberals (ie of the partisan variety) simply see themselves as the 'true' representatives of liberalism, which they claim is the larger theoretical basis for all democracy and the only moral ground for political authority. This would call into question what democracy is for then but simply to 'manage' the success of liberalism. Indeed, this may well be what the economist is saying, in which case their intellectual underpinnings will simply collapse - as did the hard reading of the 'end of history' thesis - as their liberal teolology increasingly contradicts any meaningful non-partisan conception of free democracy.
However, they notably leave out of their didactic 'history' the more problematic aspects of liberalism since the revolutionary era - the growing identification of liberalism with radical nationalism in the mid nineteenth century and then its collapse at the turn-of-the century when liberal parties were mostly replaced by social democratic parties on the left. Nor do they mention debates on the right about what it means to be a conservative nationalist/regionalist/social or religious conservative as conservative movements were increasingly infected by liberal entryants in the late 20th century.

将霍布斯称为“自由主义者”至少是有争议的，尽管这里之所以这么说原因似乎是将自由主义简单地说成是现代主义的基本知识基础。
这就提出了一个问题：自由党人(即党派人士)是否仅仅把自己看作是自由主义的“真正”代表，他们声称自由主义是所有民主的更大的理论基础，也是政治权威的唯一道德基础，这会让人质疑民主是为了什么，是否只是为了“管理”自由主义的成功。
事实上，这很可能正如经济学人所说，在这种情况下，他们的智力基础将完全崩溃--就像对“历史的终结”论题的艰难解读一样--因为他们的自由主义理论越来越多地与无党派自由民主概念相矛盾。
然而，他们明显地忽略了自革命时代以来自由主义更有问题的方面--19世纪中叶自由主义与激进民族主义越来越多的认同，然后在世纪之交自由主义大多在被左翼社会民主党取代的时候崩溃，他们也没有提到右翼对保守民族主义者/地区主义者/社会或宗教保守主义者意味着什么的辩论，因为在20世纪末，保守派运动越来越多地受到自由派人士的影响。

World's Netizen
CCP's propagandists named them as ‘‘白左’。They took advantage of western world's democracy to gain strength in the past 40 years(use democracry to desotry democracy) then finally showed up their true color.

中国共产党的宣传部门称他们为“白左”，他们利用西方世界的民主，在过去的40年中获得了力量 ( 用民主来摧毁民主 )，终于露出了他们的真面目。


Kr Tong
this is the most wrong and british take on american economic hsitory ive ever seen. The founding fathers werent liberals. They were mercantilists, capitalists and protectionists because we needed supplies and wealth of our own. We nearly lost the revolution and needed more wealth and our own manufactories to make sure we wouldnt lose another invasion. So the founding fathers closer resembled trump than hillary clinton.  Socialism wasnt seen in america until the southern states seceeded and needed to pool wealth to fund buying supplies for their own military. because they had no industry to manufacture their own. 
Europe has always misinterpreted the american economy, opting for more socialism and state planning because in part because it was never able to overthrow the monarchies and oligarchies that america never had, and in part because it cant compete with america at its own game of free trade and industrialization.

这是我见过的错的最离谱的英国人（经济学人是一本英国的杂志）对美国经济的看法。
开国元勋们不是自由主义者，他们是重商主义者、资本家和保护主义者，因为我们需要自我供给和财富。
我们几乎输掉了革命，我们需要更多的财富和我们自己的工厂，以确保我们不会在另一次入侵中输掉。
因此，与希拉里·克林顿相比，开国元勋们更像特朗普，社会主义在美国是不存在的，直到南方各州需要资金来为他们的军队购买物资，因为他们没有工业来制造自己的产品。
欧洲总是误解美国经济，他们选择社会主义和国家计划，部分原因是它永远无法推翻美国从未有过的君主制和寡头政治，部分原因是它无法在自由贸易和工业化游戏中与美国竞争。

Political Wasp
Liberal thinking does not make you a Liberal party member. Anyone from any party, who has a kind heart and an open mind is a liberal thinker. Farage/Trump & Co have hijacked the Western political word and added the "elite" tag to try and discredit every positive, liberal action taken by Labour, Tory, Republican & Democrat governments since WW2. Yes this video is simple and patronising to the intellectual mind, but liberal complacency has created the rise of the Far-Right across the Western World. No one is ever too old or too intelligent to stop learning so please share this video to re-educate ourselves and others.

自由主义思想不会使你成为一个自由党派成员。
任何党派的人，只要心地善良，思想开放，都是自由的思想家。特朗普集团劫持了西方的政治词汇并添加了“精英”标签试图抹黑工党、保守党、共和党和民主党自二战以来所采取的一切积极的、自由的行动。是的，这段视频很简单，也很有智慧，但是，自由主义者的自满导致了西方世界极右势力的崛起，没有人会因为太老或太聪明而停止学习，所以请分享这段视频来重新教育我们自己和他人。


Matthew Pegler
Liberalism is a disease. Authority should be maintained. All within the state, none outside the state, none against the state.

自由主义是一种疾病，应该保持权威，所有的一切都应在国家这个范畴之内，不能在国家之外，不能反对国家。

Daniel de Burgh
Liberalism today is conservatism(in europe)

今天（欧洲）的自由主义就是保守主义。