乌克兰之后，哈萨克斯坦警惕俄族提出自治权 [美国媒体]

-------------译者：宝璐-审核者：菜鸟饭------------



KOSTANAY, Kazakhstan (Reuters) - In the city of Kostanay in northern Kazakhstan, the ribbon of St George, a black-and-orange symbol of resurgent Russian patriotism that was adopted by separatists in Ukraine, hangs from every second car's rear-view mirror.

库斯塔奈，哈萨克斯坦（路透新闻）--在哈国北部的库斯塔奈，俄罗斯爱国主义的象征，黑橙相间的圣乔治带（见图），挂在每一辆车的后视镜上，这种缎带也曾被乌克兰的分裂主义者所采用。

Most people in this town and the surrounding region are ethnic Russians, distinct from the mainly Muslim ethnic Kazakhs who are in the majority nationwide and control the main levers of power in this oil-producing former Soviet state.

大部分此镇和周边区域的居民属于俄罗斯族，这不同于这个国家的主体民族哈萨克族穆斯林，后者是全国性的并控制着这个产油的前苏联加盟国的权利杠杆。

Demographically, the region therefore has much in common with Ukraine's Crimea peninsula and the eastern Donbass region, whose majority Russian-speaking populations pulled out of Kiev's orbit with help from Moscow.

人口统计上讲，这个地区与乌克兰的克里米亚半岛和顿巴斯（乌克兰）地区很相似，在莫斯科的帮助下，乌国这两地的俄语居民脱离了基辅的掌控。

 -------------译者：宝璐-审核者：菜鸟饭------------

There is no separatist rebellion in northern Kazakhstan, but the ethnic Russians, who make up more than a fifth of the country's 18 million population, are feeling increasingly insecure and some sympathize with the separatists in Ukraine.

哈国北部目前尚未有分裂叛乱，但是占这个一千八百万人口国家五分之一的俄罗斯族正感到越发地不安并同情乌克兰的分裂者。

The Ukraine experience has made the Kazakh authorities highly sensitive to any signs of disloyalty by ethnic Russians. Ethnically based political parties are banned.

乌克兰的教训使得哈国政府对俄罗斯族的任何背叛的迹象都极为敏感。按民族而划分政治党派在此国被禁止。

Last year, a court in eastern Kazakhstan sentenced a user of Vkontakte, a Russian-based social network, to five years in prison for posting a poll which asked people whether they would support the idea of that region, which also has a big ethnic Russian population, becoming part of Russia.

去年，哈国东部的一家法庭判决一名Vkontakt（一个俄语的社交平台）用户五年监禁，因为他发起了一项民意调查是关于人们是否愿意支持这个同样拥有大量俄罗斯族的地区并入俄罗斯的想法。


-------------译者：叶良辰-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Commenter 5 days ago
I registered here just because of this article & comments. I understand many of you do not even know where Kazakhstan is located. In brief, our president Nazarbayev & Putin signed a number of treaties, we have open borders, just formal passport control is still remaining. There a lot of Russians going back to Russia, but yes, the influence is strong, just like the USA & Mexico. When I was in Texas I was really surprised that a lot of Hispanic people would not understand English, the only language they would speak was Spanish. Here it is almost the same. I live in Aktobe, which is the west of RoK (Republic of Kazakhstan), about 70% of people use Kazakh for communication and 90% can understand Russian. We have a lot Russian tv channels as well. Our President has defined a language strategy which is knowing Kazakh, Russian & English will become mandatory.

我是为了这篇文章和评论才注册了这个账号登录上来。我知道你们中的很多人可能连哈萨克斯坦位于哪里都不知道。简单说来，我们的总统Nazarbayev和普丁签订了一系列条约，我们和俄国的边界是开放的，但是也需要有正式护照才能通过。这里有很多俄罗斯族返回俄国，然而，哈萨克斯坦受俄国的影响也是很大的，就像美国对于墨西哥的影响。当我在美国德州的时候，我很震惊的发现，那里的西班牙裔竟然不会说英语，他们只说西班牙语。这种情况跟我们这里很相似。我的家乡是Aktobe，是哈萨克斯坦共和国西部的一座城市。这里70%的人是用哈萨克语交流，90%的人懂得俄语。我们这里也有很多俄语频道。我们的总统曾经制定语言政策，哈语，俄语，英语会成为必学语种。

-------------译者：宝璐-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Commenter 5 days ago
So Russia is not supposed to have National interests to protect Russian speaking in former Russian republics? Lol Only USA can go protect their national interest by bombing Yugoslavia and Iraq? Lol Putin will step on Yanks throat again like he did in Syria and Ukraine!
 
所以俄罗斯不应该为了自己的国家利益而去保护位于前苏联加盟共和国的俄罗斯族人？哈~只有美国可以为保护他们的国家利益而去轰炸南斯拉夫和伊拉克？哈~普京将踩死米国佬的喉咙，就像他在叙利亚和乌克兰做的那样！
 
Commenter 5 days ago 
As long as the Kazakh regime has no intentions of discriminating and marginalizing the ethnic Russians in northern and eastern Kazakhstan (like was the case by the coup-imposed Ukrainian regime in eastern Ukraine), then the Kazakhs have nothing to worry about i.e., no Russian seperatism.

只要哈族政权没有有意地去 歧视和忽视在哈国北部和东部的俄罗斯族（就像政变的乌克兰政府在乌克兰东部所做的那样），那么哈萨克人没必要去担心什么，比如俄罗斯人不会分裂出去。

-------------译者：苏齐光-审核者：苏齐光------------

MTB 5 days ago 
After reading the article you begin to understand the difficulties non violent people living here could find themselves in - for those of you with the means, the education - look elsewhere for a better future...
You could much worse than Kazakhstan, then again, if you work hard, get a proper education - find a country where they respect you for who you are, not where you are from....this is why today, Russia is having serious problems keeping educated people from moving elsewhere!

 读完这篇文章你就会明白那些反暴力人士生活的困境，对那些有些财产和知识水平的人，他们会到其他地方寻找更好的生活。。。
​你或许比哈萨克斯坦人过得更糟糕，同样的，如果你工作努力，得到良好的教育，你就会去一个尊重你的劳动而不是你出身的国家.....这就是为什么如今俄罗斯总是留不住受过良好教育的人。
 
Commenter 5 days ago
Fascist Russia seems to be a threat to everyone these days. Europe will have to prepare to defend itself and countries like Khazakstan have to prepare for war against the Fascists.

​如今法西斯式的俄罗斯对每个人都是威胁。欧洲要加强对自身的防卫，像哈萨克斯坦之类的国家要预防法西斯主义国家挑起的战争。

 -------------译者：叶良辰-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Commenter 5 days ago 
The difference with Kazakhstan and Ukraine is the treatment of Russian language. After the latest regime change in Ukraine, the Ukraine language was imposed on the Russian speaking east of Ukraine, in that government offices, schools, etc., were to be Ukraine language only. However, Kazakhstan is not forcing the Kazakh language on its Russian speaking population. For example, in Kostanay there are Russian language schools. Following the neo-nationalist Ukraine model, these Russian language schools would be outlawed, and the affected Russian speaking people told that their kids must attend Kazakh language schools only and there is no other choice for them. However, this is not happening in Kazakhstan, as it tolerates the Russian language and is more accommodating to the Russian speaking Kazakhs. There is no polarization along language lines like in Ukraine.

哈萨克斯坦和乌克兰对俄语的态度是不同的。在乌克兰最近一次政权交替后，乌克兰开始在东部的俄语区进行乌克兰语教育。那里的政府，学校等等，都只能用乌克兰语。然而哈萨克斯坦没有强求那些说俄语的哈萨克人说哈萨克语。例如，在库斯塔奈(哈萨克斯坦) ,那里有俄语学校。如果哈萨克斯坦也像乌克兰那样实行新民族主义政策的话，那么这些俄语学校将是非法的，讲俄罗斯语的哈萨克人也将被告知他们的孩子只能上哈萨克语学校，别无选择。这样的情况显然不会发生在哈萨克斯坦。哈萨克斯坦允许说俄语，对说俄语的哈萨克人也圆滑处理，不想乌克兰那样对俄语和乌语态度两级化。

-------------译者：檀木梳子-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Commenter 5 days ago
I still can't believe the land grabbing taking place on the European continent. I'm sure most everyone bordering Russia is somewhat concerned with the possibility of losing territory. It's just hard to believe this type of thing happening in the 21st century.

 我仍然不相信土地攫取的事件会发生在欧洲大陆。我确定几乎每个人都担心与俄罗斯接壤的领土有失去的可能。我只是不相信这样的事情会发生在21世纪。
 
Commenter 5 days ago 
I am Russian but originally from South-Kazakhstan ( i moved to France for work), but i admire Kazakhstan a lot and its people. I always had a lot of Kazakh friends ( still i do) and i never felt any diversity between us. We are a multinational country, except Russians and Kazakhs there a lot of Koreans, Ukrainians, Belarusians, some Germans and Greeks and we are all managed to live in peace! So yahoo...please stop your propaganda. And i hope USA will keep their bloody hands away from our country!

我是俄罗斯人但是出生在南哈萨克斯坦（我移居的法国工作），但是我非常钦佩哈萨克斯坦及其人民。我以前总有很多哈萨克斯坦的朋友（现在也是一样）并且我从来不会感到我们中间有差异性。我们是一个多民族的国家，除了俄罗斯人和哈萨克斯坦人，还有很多的韩国人、乌克兰人、白俄罗斯人，一些德国人和希腊人，并且我们都成功地和平共处着！所以……请停止你们的宣传鼓动。并且，我希望美国将他们沾满鲜血的手远离我们国家！

-------------译者：zergslaier-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Commenter 5 days ago
This situation is a direct result of the "Russification program" the old soviet union started, where millions of natives in each country the soviets took over, were sent to siberia, and replaced with ethinc russians. In Ukraine, you can see the planned result of "Russification" and why it was done. The solution is for all of these former soviet states to repatriate the russians back to russia. Otherwise is like islam... get a few in the door, they reproduce like rabbits, until they can take over using fear, intimidation and murder..

这种情况是前苏联开展“俄罗斯化项目”的直接恶果，前苏联政府通过该计划将上百万加盟共和国中的当地人迁往西伯利亚，并迁入俄罗斯人。在乌克兰，你能看到这个俄罗斯化项目产生的恶果。对于所有前苏联加盟共和国来说，解决方式就是将所有的俄罗斯族人遣返回俄国。否则就会像伊斯兰一样，一旦引狼入室，就会迅速扩张，直到他们用恐惧、胁迫和谋杀接管我们的国家。。。

-------------译者：叶良辰-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Commenter 5 days ago 
Russia has no idea, or any understanding of Democratic principles! Majority rules, plain and simple. Those having more votes wins the prize put very simply. Like Ukraine, Kazakhstan is overwhelmingly not a Russian speaking country. But somehow Russia allows itself to believe that since MINOR areas of a country have Russian speaking people, then that area is open to being taken by Russia. Russia's thought process is TO HELL WITH A COUNTRIES SOVEREIGNTY!!!! Because we (Russia) have a population, that by the way was placed in these countries via the Soviet era) then we should be able to do what we want in these countries!!! Based on a "Russian speaking MINORITY" This is complete and utter BS! Russia needs stopped!

 大毛脑子缺氧，完全不理解民主为何物！ 少数服从多数的原则，有那么难理解吗？大毛。再简单的说，就是获票数多者胜。像乌克兰，哈萨克斯坦，那里说俄语的人绝对是少数。但是莫名其妙的，大毛认为既然那地区有说俄语的人，那么该地区就应是俄罗斯予取予求的地区。大毛脑子里的东西是：主权去死吧！因为在苏联时代我们（俄罗斯）有人在那些国家居住，我们（俄罗斯）应该被允许在那些地区为所欲为。凭的就是“讲俄语的少数民族”！
这真他妈的完完全全、彻彻底底的狗屎！ 毛熊必须住手!
 
Connected 5 days ago
In the past 10 years under Putin, Russia has been in 4 wars. Georgia, chechnya, ukraine and syria. khazahkstan has the right to defend itself against Fascit aggression from the Kremlin.

在普丁执政的过去10年，俄罗斯已经搞了四次战争------格鲁吉亚、车臣、乌克兰和叙利亚。哈萨克斯坦有权利反击来自克里姆林宫的法西斯入侵！

-------------译者：宝璐-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Alexander 5 days ago
I want to say. My brother lives in Kostanay. In Kazakhstan there are a lot of American military. They are everywhere - in cafes, in markets, on the streets. Nazarbayev is already old. Something the US is preparing in Kazakhstan. Think, again color revolution.
 
我想说我哥就在库斯塔奈。在哈国有一堆美国大兵。哪里都有--咖啡馆，市场或者街上。纳扎尔巴耶夫已经老了。美国在准备着什么。好好想想，又一次颜色革命。
 
Davidsgtm 5 days ago
If they choose a new leader who goes for democracy, a pro Russian rebellion is coming.

 如果哈民们选择一位支持民主的新领导，那么一场亲俄的叛乱就不远了。
 
Herminator 5 days ago
"More people arrived from Russia when Kazakhstan became part of the Soviet Union" THey didn't just "move" there. That was the intentional policy of Stalin do settle Russians in all neighboring republics so that the separation would be very difficult. Latvia, Ukraine, Caucasus and most Central Asian republics were targeted by Stalin's ethnic "divide and conquer" policies.

“当哈国成为苏联一部分时很多人从俄国来到哈国。”他们不仅仅只是“搬到”那里。这是斯大林有意的政策，确实将俄罗斯人安置在周边共和国内，这样分裂就变得非常不易。拉脱维亚，乌克兰，高加索及中亚共和国曾经是斯大林“分而占领”政策的目标。

-------------译者：叶良辰-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

i 5 days ago 
American administration is really mad that Putin did not allow them to create a NATO base in Crimea! HA! Good job, Mr. Putin! Well done!

普丁阻止美国在克里米亚再搞个北约基地，美国人已经发疯了。哈哈，干得好，普丁先生，干得好.

John Zarivny 5 days ago 
The "rebels" in Eastern Ukraine are not Eastern Ukrainian peasants, mechanics, and miners. They are the Russian incognito army training there for further conquest by Putin in his dream to restore the "glorious" USSR. They are professional Russian soldiers stripped of their identity, the same trigger happy lot that under the leadership of Girkin, aka "Stelkov" shot down MH17 using sophisticated anti aircraft missiles. Strelkov was since withdrawn to Russia, but the Russian occupation army is still in Ukraine as Putin himself stated, thy are there to "perform certain administrative and military tasks". Obviously the occupation of people in Donbas and Luhansk who would like nothing more than restore peace and see Puitin's army and their Chechen comrades return to Russia and leave Ukraine alone.

乌克兰东部的武装起义军根本不是当地的农民、苦力和矿工。他们是普丁布置在乌克兰东部的神秘武装力量，意图占领那地区，梦想着光复苏联荣耀，。他们可是训练有素的匿名武装。即Girkin领导下的好战分子，马航17就是被亲俄的Girkin，也就是Stelkov领导的武装势力用精密的对空导弹击落的。Stelkov已撤回俄罗斯，但是俄罗斯的侵略部队还留在乌克兰，普丁说，他们在那里是“执行某种政治和军事任务”。很明显，在Donbas和Luhansk地区，当地人肯定是渴望和平，他们希望普京军队及其车臣部队回到俄罗斯，不要再来骚扰乌克兰了。

-------------译者：宝璐-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Victor 5 days ago 
No, people may choose to immigrate to Russia as a choice of least worse. Compared to, say, Syria, life in Russia is haven.
Now, millions of russians emigrated to the West (and never looked back). How many people from Western countries are emigrating to Russia? Compare with how many got out and the picture will be clear.
BTW, immigrants from former republics are not really immigrants.

不，人们会选择搬到俄罗斯去生活，这个选择会更好一点。比较地说，比如比起叙利亚，俄罗斯生活就是天堂。
现在，上百万俄罗斯人移民西方（且永不返回）。有多少人从西方国家移民俄罗斯？ 和出走的人的数量做个对比，那么就很明显了。
顺便说哈，来自前加盟国的移民不能算作真正的移民（不能包含在比较内）。

-------------译者：叶良辰-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------
 
DeeDee 5 days ago 
Stupid article. Lies and disinformation to sow doubt and division between Russians and Kazakhs. We know the tactics. ..they have been by the West throughout history all over the world: divide and rule. Nazarbayev should watch out. The next CIA funded "color revolution " may target the succession process in Kazakhstan ! The US is so desperate. China is the main economic actor at this time, not Russia. But anti-Russian sentiment is so strong in decision making circles in America they have become irrational !

 蠢文！谎言谣言在哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯之间播下了猜疑和分化的种子。路人皆知，有史以来西方在全世界所做的事情就是：分而治之。哈萨克斯坦要注意了，美国中情局资助的“颜色革命”基金可能已经瞄准了你们国内的一些势力。美国已经疯狂了。中国是现在主要经济体，俄罗斯不是。但是美国反俄罗斯反疯了，反得失去做出明智决定的理智。
 
Eye Of Horus 5 days ago 
The US govt wants regime change in Kazakhstan because they are a member of the Eurasian Economic Union. When we release prisoners from Gitmo, we take them to our base in Kazakhstan and turn them loose. But that is just one way the US govt is meddling in Kazakhstan's internal affairs.

美国政府想要改变哈萨克斯坦的政权，因为他们是亚欧经济联盟成员。当我们释放关塔那摩监狱囚犯时，我们把他们带到我们位于哈萨克斯坦的军事基地然后释放他们。
但是这还只是美国政府干预哈萨克斯坦内务的手段之一。