为什么中国的火车和地铁要安检，而日韩就不用呢？ [美国媒体]

Why do railways and subways in China enforce security checks unlike in South Korea and Japan where people can access the turnstiles right after buying their tickets?

为什么中国的火车和地铁要安检，而日韩就不用呢？



Tom McGregor, I lived in Beijing since Oct. 2010
Answered Aug 13
Foreign visitors coming to China for the first time or arriving at the beginning of a long-term stay here may discover culture shock since all railways and subway stations are protected by high-security surveillance. Hidden cameras are installed, security guards can be observed patrolling high-traffic areas and you must place your carry-on luggage into a metal detector machine, while you must walk through metal detector screening and get a pat down from a guard.
The security tends to be much tighter in railway stations, since freeloaders sneaking on to a train can disrupt rail service and in some instances fights erupt over seating arrangements. Anyone trying to ride a hi-speed train for free will discover they must pass through a minimum of two security checks, where they are required to show their personal ID and ticket to guards before they could reach the platform of the train they intend to jump on.
Hence, no passenger should be surprised by the presence of tight security at train stations, but at subways around the world, nearly all of them have a lower security presence. You may see a few security guards in uniform, but passengers are not required to have their bags checked, while they are mandated to walk past a metal detector before crossing the turnstile.
I have lived and worked in Beijing since October 2010, so I do recall the before-and-after when tighter security was installed at the Beijing Metro, which happened at around 2014. Beforehand, you could rush on to the subway platform quickly. When the security checks were installed, they came as a surprise to many passengers at the beginning.
On average, more than 10 million people are taking the subway daily to get to and from work, while most are taking them during rush hour, between 8:00 am-10:00 am and 5:00 pm-7:00 pm. Although Beijing has the world’s longest subway lines, running at maximum efficiency, the trams are overloaded during rush hour.
The security checks do slow down passengers entering the station to reach the platform, but the atmosphere for safety has improved, even though on a few occasions you will witness people screaming at each other and others involved in physical altercations.
But before the security checks were implemented, fights had broken out. One time, I observed teenage kids gang up on one guy and deliver a severe beat down to the victim. The incidents of pick-pocketing and children begging were much more frequent.
I had my wallet stolen and it occurred when I had started a new job and due to technical glitches the company was a month late in wiring my first paycheck. The unpleasant experience had taught me to remain on guard in crowded places.
So overall, the tightened security checks have improved public safety on the subways. Since subways are crowded in Beijing, if fights had become more rampant that could have cause stampedes with innocent civilians getting killed.
We should also take into consideration on the time-frame when new security surveillance was installed at Beijing subways, which was 2014. On March 1, 2014, five militant Islamist terrorist went on knife stabbing spree killing 31 people at a train station in southwest China’s Kunming City.

外国人首次来中国时会体会到文化冲击，因为所有火车站和地铁站都受到严密的监视保护。有隐藏摄像机，保安巡逻人流多的地方，而且行李必须过安检，你也要过安检，还有人员拍拍你全身。
火车站的安检更严格点，因为如果有人不买票进入的话，会扰乱火车行程，甚至会因为座位安排而产生冲突。坐高铁的时候，你会发现至少要经过两重的安检，要先安检人员出示身份证和票，才能进入站台。

因此，火车站的严格安检也就不足为奇了，但是在全世界的地铁里，安检都没那么严格。你可能会看到几个穿着制服的保安，但是你的包包没必要接收检查，但是要经过一个金属检测器，然后才能进入旋转式栅门。
我从2010年10月份开始住在北京，所以我知道北京地铁安检严格的前后情况，2014年时才变得严格。在那之前，你可以快速的跑向地铁站台。而在安检实施后，很多乘客在一开始的时候也都觉得奇怪。

平均而言，每天有1000多万人乘坐地铁上下班，而且大多数是在上班高峰期的时候，八点到十点，以及下午五点到七点。虽然北京有世界上最长的地铁线，即使以最高的效率运营，高峰期时车厢里还是挤满了人。
安检确实降低了人流的速度，但是安全的氛围在提升，虽然偶尔会看到有人在争吵和打架。
但是在安检实施前，发生过很多斗殴事件。有一次，我看到一群青少年殴打一个人。当时的偷窃和儿童乞讨现象也更加普遍。



Hojai Jung, Studying Asia Comparatively, Live in Singapore,
Answered Aug 11
Around ten years ago, I heard that many European countries including France also were hiring ticket checkers in front of the subway gate(now they are also changed to the machine system). I heard that this is for the job opportunities for the disabled people. As you know, checking the ticket for the train is not a difficult task, so this job easily could be changed to the machine’s role in many countries. The turnstiles are also included one of the Machine jobs.
European countries have been struggling to increase the hiring rate for the stable nation. So they did not change this jobs for the machines. This was a smart choice. Because the subway systems anyway require more workers for the better security environment including emergency. An electronic system could not save the people’s life; they only keep the money and expense for the company.
But, think about that. The railway and subways are usually run by the (city) government. Government’s usual goal is to increase economic statistics which are depended on the hiring rates. So, a traditional way which hires more ticket checker will be the more beneficial choice for them.
I think China would have considered this situation. There are lots of people who are wanting jobs there, and also there are many emergent situations are taking place. Workers are more valuable than the machine in the subway, I think so.

大约十年前，我听说很多欧洲国家包括法国都雇佣地铁检票员（现在都变成了机器检票）。我听说这是为了给残疾人士提供就业机会。检票不是难事，所以很多国家都可以用机器替代之。
欧洲国家想提高自己的就业率。所以他们没有用机器来替代。这是个聪明的做法。因为地铁系统还是需要更多工作人员来营造一个更好的安全环境的，包括紧急情况时的应对。而电子系统无法拯救人的生命；只会为企业赚取利润。

但是想想看，铁路和地铁通常由市政府运营。政府的目标一般都是提高经济数据，而这有赖于就业率。所以传统的雇佣检票员的方式是更加有益的。
我觉得中国可能也考虑到了这个情况。中国有很多人需要就业，也有很多紧急情况发生。我觉得在地铁里，工人的作用比机器更有价值。