为何特朗普如此担忧“中国制造2025”？他要求中国必须放弃这个计划才会停止贸易战。 [美国媒体]

Why is “made in China 2025” so concerning to Trump that he demanded China must abandon that plan in order to stop the trade war?

为何特朗普如此担忧“中国制造2025”？他要求中国必须放弃这个计划才会停止贸易战。



Joseph Wang, studied at Ph.D Astronomy UT Austin, Physics MIT
Because it might work. Chinese companies are not best of breed, but if the China can turn some of its companies into Intel, Microsoft, Boeing, Samsung, or Siemens then the world is very different.
But I suspect that the trade war has convinced China that stuff like made in 2025 is more important.
At this point, you get into an amusing situation where China threat meets China collapse.
So you have these people say that China is incompetent, that China is hopeless, and that state directed industrial policy won't work. In that case, 2025 will be a flop and there shouldn't be anything to worry about. In fact, if 2025 is horrible, and Trump convinces China to get rid of it, then this makes China more of a threat.
So its sort of amusing to have Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, South China Morning Post, and Forbes just try to work this out.

Joseph Wang,在麻省理工大学奥斯汀分校攻读天文学博士学位
因为这个计划可能会奏效。中国公司不是最强的，但如果中国能让一些公司变成英特尔、微软、波音、三星或西门子，那么情况就大不相同了。
但我怀疑，贸易战让中国确信了“中国制造2025”变得更重要了。
这时候，你会发现一个有趣的情况，中国威胁论对上了中国崩溃论。
一些人说中国无能，中国没有希望，国家主导的产业政策行不通。在这种情况下，中国制造2025将会失败，没有什么好担心的。事实上，如果中国制造2025很可怕，而特朗普说服中国放弃这个计划，那么这会使中国成为更大的威胁。
所以看到华尔街日报、华盛顿邮报、华南早报和福布斯都试图解决这个问题的情况很好笑。
​
John Iguchi
Why? I don’t know for sure, to be honest with you. But there are a couple of thoughts that I can share.
First, how in the world, that Trump thinks he can tell other countries to slow down or stop their natural step to develop their own country? You would not tell any of your neighbor not to remodel their houses, and look better than your house, would you?
Second, I am so sure that Trump knows and understands what Made in China 2025 really is, just like many other topics that he seems to have difficulty to understand.
Third, In business, we set goals, which may not be achievable but goal setting help us to see the what we need to do to achieve the goals. Trump does not seem to have goals necessary to make America Great Again. China, like Japan and S.Korea is going through low cost labor oriented economy to higher techonologically advance economy. China is no longer world’s aparrel factory.
For those who still think China is of cheap labor oriented factories, EV techinology has become one fo the best in the world. Did you know that their public buses of over 16,000 units are all 100% electric. Further more, out of nearly 390,000 electric buses in operation globally, China operates 99% of those.
Would you like to know more about Shenzhen’s electric taxis? Their 13,000 taxis are now e-Taxis. Beijing’s e-Taxis are 70,000 units in progress. One of the reasons for E-Tax and e-Buses is to increase air quality. China is on the way to eliminate the need for EPA for good reason. Meanwhile, Trump is lowering the EPA standards, meaning letting the users of focil energies to generate more pollutants “legally”. What is his “business-like” goal setting for our products to be more competitive globally in the name of US Exports. If we can sell our globally more advanced products, we have less trade deficit with practically all countries.
This leads to the fourth, we all know that in order to sell highly advanded products, as an example, we need more highly educated, highly innovative, and highly paid workers. But Trump reduced the education budget, meanwhile China spent nearly 4.3 trillion yuan ($675.3 billion) on education in 2017, an increase of 9.43 percent from 2016. Breaking down the number, spending on preschool education reached 325.5 billion yuan (B$51), up 16.11 percent from the previous year.
Investment in compulsory education totaled nearly 1.94 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.96 percent year on year. Children in China receive nine years of compulsory education.
Expenditure for high schools was 663.7 billion yuan in 2017, an increase of 7.82 percent from 2016, while the figure for higher education exceeded 1.1 trillion yuan, up 9.72 percent from the previous year.
These are again increasing for 2018. And these are just a part of preparing and building the foundation for Made In China 2025.
Another Olympic is coming in 2020. What do you think we including the atheletes? Yes, preparation for 2020 gold medals, even for the current gold medalists set goals and establish specific training menues to Make American Atheletes Great (Again). Why not for the US politically and economically as well?
The fifth: China has an advantage of conitual political establish by “now life-time General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), President of the People's Republic of China, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission”. That makes easier to make long-term plans in addition to short-term. That is not what we have. Is it considered as “unfair”? Of course not. How many of us truly think basketball is unfair for the shorter athelets? Then what do the shorter atheletes do? One, take it as is and get involved with another sports. Two, take it and blame everybody else. Three, accept that but take advantage of being short that tall competitors cannot do. Many of them take the third and very good at.
So as valleyball, right? But we all know being tall is an advantage but is not a guarantee to win.
In short, China is doing basically the oposite of what Trump is doing to Make America Great Again. Trump is scared of China’s capability or at least someone told him the facts. I truly feel Trump will not conitue to threat/blame other countries and will lead this coountry just like the captain of basketball or valleyball team with shorter athelets.
If Japan was able to switching its global economy from labor-cost based factory to higher value product developer, we can do the same!!

为什么?说实话，我不太确定。但我有几个想法可以分享。
首先，特朗普认为他可以让其他国家放慢或停止发展自己国家的步伐，这算是怎么回事? 如果你的邻居要改装房子然后会让房子比你家的更好看，你也不会去阻止的，对吧?
其次，我确信特朗普知道并理解中国制造2025是什么，就像我确信他有很多话题难以理解一样。
第三，在商业中，我们会设定目标，这不一定能实现，但设定目标能帮助我们了解我们要做什么才能达成目标。特朗普似乎没有让美国再次伟大的必要方法。中国，像日本和韩国一样，正在以低成本的劳动导向经济向更高技术的发达经济转变。中国不再是世界工厂了。

有些人仍然认为中国是廉价劳动力导向型工厂，然而中国的电动汽车技术已经成为世界上最好的国家之一。你知道吗，他们1万6千多辆公共汽车是100%电动的。此外，在全球使用的近39万辆电动巴士中，中国使用的占99%。
你想知道更多关于深圳电动出租车的信息吗? 他们的1.3万辆出租车是电动出租车。北京有7万辆电动出租车。使用电动出租车和电动巴士的原因之一是为了改善空气质量。中国正以充分的理由消除对环保局的需要。与此同时，特朗普正在降低环保局的标准，让耗能大户能合法的产生更多的污染物。他为我们的产品在全球竞争中提高竞争力的务实目标是什么？如果我们能在全球范围内销售更先进的产品，我们与所有国家的贸易逆差就会减少。

这就引出了第四点，我们都知道，为了销售高度先进的产品，我们需要更多受过高等教育的、高度创新的、高收入的工人。但特朗普削减了教育预算，与此同时，2017年中国在教育方面的支出接近4.3万亿人民币(6753亿美元)，比2016年增长9.43%。如果再细分的话，学前教育支出达到3255亿人民币(510亿美元)，比上年增长16.11%。义务教育投资近1.94万亿人民币，比上年增长9.96%。中国儿童接受的是九年义务教育。2017年高中教育支出6637亿元，比2016年增长7.82%;高等教育支出超过1.1万亿元，比上年增长9.72%。
2018年这一数字又在增加。这些只是为中国制造2025做准备和夯实基础的一部分。

下一届奥运会将在2020年举行。你认为我们把运动员列入进去了吗?是的，为2020年的金牌做准备，即使是现在的金牌获得者也要设定目标，制定具体的训练计划，让美国运动员(再一次)变得伟大。为什么美国在政治和经济上就不能这么做?

第五，中国具有政治优势。这使得中国除了制定短期计划外，更容易制定长期计划。这是我们所不具备的。这能看作是“不公平”的吗？当然不能。我们当中有多少人真的认为篮球对矮个子运动员不公平？那么矮个子运动员能做什么呢？一，顺其自然，参与另一项运动。二，接受现实，责怪所有人。三，接受这一事实，利用矮个子运动员去做高个运动员无法做的事。他们中的很多人都是第三者，而且做得很好。
像排球一样，对吧？我们都知道身材高大是一种优势，但并不是获胜的保证。

简而言之，中国正在做的是特朗普说让美国再次伟大所应该做的事情。特朗普害怕中国的能力，或者至少有人告诉他事实。我真的希望特朗普不要去威胁或者指责其他国家，而是像矮个子的篮球队长或者排球队长一样自强的带领美国。
如果日本能够将其全球经济从以低劳动力成本为基础的工厂转变为高价值的产品开发者，我们也能做到!!



Bill Lipton, Donald's Manhattan start was via our NYC Law Office.
As I’ve posted with regard to the alleged “Trade War” — both China and Trump want their respective nations to be self-sustaining. Back on 24 APR 2018 the LA Times defined China’s goal: “Made in China 2025 is a blueprint for transforming the country from a labor-intensive economy that makes toys and clothes into one that engineers advanced products like robots and electric cars.”
Under that stated goal, which includes mandating that all new cars sold after 2025 be fully electric, China is seeking to go directly against the United States. Of course, China has the advantages of geographic area and population size, where America is hampered by the destructive policies of the far-Right-wing.
America is being dragged down by the Far-Right and their anti-Bible Evangelical cohorts. The 2025 target fits perfectly with the K-Wave economic assessment that projects the EU will fold in 2027… if it does, and the USA is linked to them, China rules.

中国和特朗普都希望各自的国家能够自给自足。早在2018年4月24日，《洛杉矶时报》就明确了中国的目标:“中国制造2025是一幅蓝图，旨在将中国从一个生产玩具和服装的劳动密集型经济体，转变为一个能制造机器人和电动汽车等先进产品的经济体。”
根据这一既定目标，包括规定2025年后销售的所有新车必须是全电动汽车，中国正寻求与美国直接竞争。当然，中国有地理位置和人口规模的优势，而美国则受到极右派破坏性政策的阻碍。
美国正被极右势力和反圣经福音派的同伙拖累。中国制造2025的目标与k波经济评估完全吻合，k波经济评估预测欧盟将在2027年完蛋，如果这成真了，而美国与欧盟绑在一起，中国将主导一切。

Ray Comeau, A decade in China, interest in geopolitics
Thanks for request
Made in china 2025 is strategic directive to upgrade the country’s economic structure and growth model over the next decade.
The plan comprises five key priorities –
Accelerating innovation
Improving the quality of products and services
Boosting environmentally sustainable production techniques and renewable energy
Promoting the structural transformation of industries and firms
Investing in human capital and talent development
Within those directives the US has singled out #1 & #2, where in China wants to move up the manufacturing ladder to produce more high quality and high tech goods
The US sees these as a threat to what it considers as it’s place in the world and be default its economic future
The US knows China can out compete the US in production but it fears China balancing that with innovation
If China suspects US is pursuing a containment strategy to impede its technological development, China’s resolve to follow through with Made in China 2025 will strengthen.
Lately China has been growing annually at roughly the 3 times the rate of US growth.
There is speculation that underlaying this Made in China 2025 fear by the US is the “Thucydides trap”, which posses that when a rising power like China meets a hegemon like the US, military conflict is hard to avoid.

谢邀。
中国制造2025是未来10年中国升级经济结构和增长模式的战略指导。
该计划包括五个关键的优先事项：
1.加速创新
2.提高产品和服务的质量
3.推动环境可持续和可再生能源技术
4.推动产业结构转型
5.人力资本投资与人才开发

在这些指令中，美国挑出了1和2。这两条指令中，中国希望提升制造业阶梯，生产更多高质量和高科技产品。
美国将这些视为其世界地位的威胁，并默认了它的经济前景。美国知道，中国在生产方面可以胜过美国，但它担心中国会在创新方面也胜过它。如果中国怀疑美国正在实施遏制战略以阻碍其技术发展，那么中国实现中国制造2025的决心将会增强。
最近，中国的年增长率大约是美国的3倍。有人猜测，美国对中国制造2025的恐惧根源于“修昔底德陷阱”，即当中国这样的崛起大国遭遇美国这样的霸权时，很难避免军事冲突。



Jerry Mc Kenna, I have voted in the US since 1972
Trump has a fascination with China. He both blames China for many of our economic ills, yet contracts production of merchandise to Chinese companies. Made in China 2025, is a natural next step for China. It has become a supplier of goods of various quality to the world, but often those goods are designed in foreign countries.
China wants to compete at the high end. Obviously they aren’t going to be able to compete with companies like Boeing in 2025, but the are placing a goal post for the future.
Trump’s anger at China is irrational. Several Asian countries, in particular Japan and S. Korea, have followed a very similar strategy and it has been successful. There is simply no way that China can abandon that strategy. Ultimately if China succeeds, because of its size, it could hurt the US. So, Trump is right to be worried, but he is foolish if he thinks his bluster will change China.

特朗普对中国很着迷。他把我们的许多经济弊病都归咎于中国，但却把商品生产承包给中国公司。中国制造2025，是中国很自然的下一步。它已经成为世界上各种质量产品的供应商，但这些产品通常是在国外设计的。
中国希望在高端市场竞争。很明显，他们在2025年还无法与波音这样的公司竞争，但他们正在为未来设定一个目标。
特朗普对中国的愤怒很荒谬。几个亚洲国家，特别是日本和韩国，采取了非常相似的战略，并取得了成功。中国根本不会放弃这一战略。最终，如果中国因其规模而成功，可能会伤害美国。因此，特朗普的担忧是正确的，但如果他认为他的恐吓可以改变中国，那他就是愚蠢的。

Yevgeniy Leto
It depends on the specifics of “made in China 2015”. US has a free market with relatively healthy competition. She busted the Trusts during the TR era to restore competition. If “made in China 2015” means creating monopolies/monopsonies in China to outcompete private enterprises of US, then the trade barriers have to go up. Market economy is far more efficient than planned economy, but market economy needs to prevent monopolies to foster healthy competitions. Even the most efficient private enterprise is powerless against an inefficient state monopoly/monopsony.
It is understandable that developing nations need gov to drag its people to modernity. This means that we can tolerate a certain amount of SOE monopoly/monopsony in their own country. China still qualifies as a developing country at present, but it is growing fast and at certain point, they have to end state monopoly if they expect other nations to open their markets for them. Otherwise, trade barriers go up. US will not have its very efficient private enterprise driven out by Chinese monopolies.

这取决于“中国制造2025”的具体情况。美国市场自由，竞争相对健康。美国在托拉斯时代打破了托拉斯，恢复了竞争。如果“中国制造2025”意味着在中国形成垄断，以此从与美国的私人企业的竞争中胜出，那么贸易壁垒必将出现。市场经济比计划经济有效得多，但市场经济需要防止垄断以促进良性竞争。即使是最有效率的私营企业也无力对抗低效的国家垄断。

发展中国家需要政府来推动其人民走向现代化，这是可以理解的。这意味着我们可以容忍在他们国家有一定数量的国有企业垄断。中国目前仍然有资格被视为发展中国家，但它正在快速增长，在某个时候，如果希望其他国家为他们开放市场，他们就必须结束国家垄断。否则，贸易壁垒就会出现。美国不会让其非常高效的私人企业被中国的垄断企业挤走。

Gigi Aldo
There is a WTO which oversees the things you said. Its rulebook was agreed by all including the US. By short circuiting the WTO, the US has proven to be a rogue nation.

你所说的事由世贸组织负责监督。它的规则手册得到了包括美国在内的所有国家的同意。而美国去绕过了世贸组织，这证明了美国就是个流氓国家。



Edmund Leung, Radio Station Program Host - Current Issues (2016-present)
Because he is threaten by the mere mentioning of “MADE IN CHINA”…be it 2050 or not!!!
Take a look at your surrounding and name me how many things are not “made in China”???
Besides, he is acting like a selfish business who wanted everything made in USA rather than other countries and unfortunately it will never be possible. Imagine how many Americans are willing to be paid US$3.00/hour to work in a factory making shoes???

因为他被“中国制造”这句话所威胁……无论是不是2025！！！
看看你的周围，然后告诉我有多少东西不是“中国制造”??? 此外，他表现得像个自私的企业，想要在美国制造所有的东西，而不是在其他国家制造，不幸的是，这是不可能的。想象一下，有多少美国人愿意在鞋厂里拿3美元/小时的工资？？？？