为什么人会患癌症？ [美国媒体]

Why do people get cancer? – Sascha, age 8, Hurstbridge, Victoria.

八岁的Sascha提问：为什么人会患癌症？



This is a really tough question, Sascha. Lots of very clever people are working hard to try to answer it. I have worked on this problem for many years, and to be honest it still blows my mind to really think about just how complex it is.

Sascha，这是一个非常困难的问题。很多非常聪明的人都在努力尝试去回答这个问题。我已经研究这个问题多年了，但是老实说，我仍然很惊讶这个问题有多么的复杂。



Cancer cells can also spread to other parts of our body where they would not normally be found. This can cause important organs to stop doing their job and make us very unwell, or die.

癌细胞也可以扩散到我们身体的其他部位，这些地方通常是不会发现癌细胞的。这种情况会导致一些重要器官停止工作，使我们感到非常不适，或死亡。

Copying the code - and making mistakes

代码复制与犯错

The really incredible thing about cells is that they contain the instructions for making copies of themselves. These instructions are stored in a code called the genome, made of a quite beautiful chemical called DNA.

关于细胞真正令人难以置信的是，它们包含复制它们自身的说明书。这些说明被储存在一种叫做基因组的代码中，基因组是由一种叫做DNA的非常漂亮的化学物质组成的。

And if you took the DNA from all the cells in a human and lined it all up, it would stretch around the Moon and back six or seven times.

如果你将人体所有细胞中的DNA拿出来排成一条线，它会绕到月球并来回六到七次。



This is what we call cancer.

这就是我们所说的癌症。

But why?

但是，为什么人会患癌症？

Now, back to the question of why we get cancer.

现在，回到我们为什么会患癌症这个问题上。



Author
Darren Saunders
Associate professor, UNSW

作者
Darren Saunders
澳大利亚新南威尔士大学副教授

Wilfred Hicks
A great answer & amazing biology ( 63 year old kid)

很好的回答和惊人的生物学（63岁的孩子）

Wilfred Hicks
Can anyone explain the evolutionary pathway within a cell & DNA replication?

谁能解释下细胞和DNA复制过程中的演化路径？

Peter Campbell
In reply to Wilfred Hicks
I probably can if I understand what you are asking. One of the things that can happen with cancer cell lineages is selection for mutations that confer resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Is that the sort of thing you mean?

回复Wilfred Hicks
如果我理解你的问题，我想我可能会。癌细胞系可能发生的事情之一是选择抗癌药无效的突变。你是说那种事吗？



Many. don’t know what they don’t know. They “don’t” check for toxic ingredients in food or pay any attention whatsoever to the myriad of toxic chemicals that are found in the products they use…cosmetics, personal, cleaning products etc etc.many which they use on a daily basis.

很多人不知道他们不知道什么。他们“不会”检查食物中的有毒成分，或者关注一下在他们使用的产品中发现的无数有毒化学物质……化妆品、个人用品、清洁用品等等，很多都是他们每天使用的。

Jenny Graves
In reply to Jeff Zielke
Couldn’t agree more, Jeff. I’m currently researching and writing a book on supporting cancer patients through their medical treatment using complementary therapies. Most of it relates to just the things you mention: diet, exercise, stress, sleep and toxins. And if they had used the same ideas I’m writing about, they would have had a much lower risk of getting cancer in the first place.

回复Jeff Zielke
Jeff，我完全赞同你的说法。我正在研究和撰写一本关于通过辅助疗法对癌症患者进行治疗的书。大部分都和你提到的东西有关：饮食，锻炼，压力，睡眠和毒素。如果他们早有和我书中同样的想法，原本他们患癌症的风险就会低得多。



• Decision Resources Group expects the immunotherapy market to increase from $1.1 billion in 2012 to nearly $9 billion in 2022 (corresponding to 23.8 percent annual growth) in the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom and Japan. The global market of cancer immunotherapy might reach 145 billion in 2024

•决策资源集团预计，美国、法国、德国、意大利、西班牙、英国和日本的免疫治疗市场将从2012年的11亿美元增加到2022年的近90亿美元（相当于每年23.8%的增长）。2024年全球癌症免疫治疗市场可能达到1450亿美元。

• We know our immune system fights cancer through killer-T cells and through apoptosis (programmed cell death)

•我们知道我们的免疫系统通过杀伤T细胞和凋亡（细胞程序性死亡）来抗癌

• The only known pathway that explains the spontaneous remissions that sometimes occur in cancer is through our immune system winning the cancer battle.

·解释癌症中有时出现的自发缓解的唯一的已知途径是认为我们的免疫系统战胜了癌症。



GP Dr John Kelly from Ireland has experiences backing up Dr Campbell’s conclusions:

来自爱尔兰的全科医生John Kelly的经验支持了Campbell博士的结论：

Dr Kelly Turner did her PhD in spontaneous remissions and also describes the link with plant based diets in most cases -

Kelly Turner博士在读博期间研究的是癌症的自发缓解，她描述了在大多数案例中缓解与素食之间的联系

One of those Cancer Growth stimulators would be estrogen which has been labelled by the WHO (World Health Org) as a class one human carcinogen

这些癌症生长刺激因子之一是雌激素，世卫组织已将其标记为一级人类致癌物。

We humans have made many changes to our environment including that environment that travels through our bodies i.e. our food.

我们人类为了适应环境已经做了很多改变，包括适应穿越我们身体的食物。



译注：

评论中提到的《中国健康调查报告》（The China Study）
作者 T. Colin Campbell,PhD 、Thomas M. Campbell
百度百科关于此书的介绍如下：

图书简介：
1983～1989年间，在美国康奈尔大学坎贝尔教授、英国牛津大学理查德·佩托教授、中国疾病预防控制中心(原中国预防医学科学院)陈君石、中国医学科学院肿瘤研究所黎均耀和刘伯齐教授的共同主持下，于中国的24个省、市、自治区的69个县开展了3次关于膳食、生活方式和疾病死亡率的流行病学研究。这也是有史以来规模最庞大的关于膳食、生活方式与疾病死亡率的流行病学研究。在这项研究的基础上，坎贝尔父子着就了这本《救命饮食：中国健康调查报告》。这是一本真正能挽救你生命的书，对因经济高速发展而饮食习惯发生巨变的中国人来说，必须加以关注！