中日韩哪种语言更容易学？ [美国媒体]

Which language is easiest to learn: Chinese, Japanese, or Korean?

中日韩哪种语言更容易学？



Christine Peng, lived in Japan（居住在日本）
Chinese:
Grammar: Easy The words are organized in generally the same way English is (subject verb noun) and grammar is arguably easier because there are less conjugations and exceptions to rules.

中文:
（语法）: （简单） 这些单词的组织方式与英语大体相同，语法也可以说更简单，因为规则的变化和例外更少。

Speaking: Medium-Hard. Tones are hard for English-speakers to grasp, as are some of the sounds (like the Chinese "r"). However, English arms you with a solid arsenal of phonetics and our experience with intonations in speaking help with learning tones. That said, most people I've met who aren't native or bilingual speakers of Chinese speak with pretty heavy accents, even if they are fluent otherwise.

（说）: （中等） 说英语的人很难掌握音调，一些发音(比如汉语的“r”)也是如此。然而，英语为你提供了坚实的语音学武器，而我们在口语语调方面的经验有助于你学习语调。话虽如此，我遇到的大多数不是以汉语为母语或双语的人，即使他们在其他方面（阅读/书写）很流利，说话也或多或少带有浓重的口音，。



Reading/Writing: Medium-Hard. The plus side is that there is a set amount of hiragana and katakana, which make up a good deal of the Japanese language and are often written above difficult kanji to tell you the pronunciation (furigana). It also has significantly less kanji than Chinese. However, unlike Chinese, each character has an onyomi and kunyomi pronunciation (one based on the Chinese origins, another based on whatever native Japanese word they chose to attach the kanji to when they adopted it) and some common characters even have 3+. That pretty much doubles what you have to learn for kanji, and you sometimes can't tell which pronunciation you're supposed to use.

（阅读/书写）: （中等）有利的一面是，日本平假名和片假名的数量是固定的，它们构成了日语的很大一部分，相当于拼音一样，标注在不认识的汉字上面，告诉你关于汉字的日式发音。日语中的汉字也比中文少得多。然而，日语中的汉字不止一个读音，可以是音读（汉字传入日本时的中国读音），也可以是训读（日本本土对汉字的读音），一些常见的汉字甚至有三种以上的读法，这几乎是你学习汉字所需要的两倍，有时你甚至不知道该用哪个发音。

Korean:
Grammar: Hard I would say the same level as Japanese, since the two languages have very similar grammatical structures. If you know Japanese, learning Korean is much easier. I tried learning from an American Korean textbook but switched to a Japanese one once I realized how much more intuitive all the explanations were from a Japanese grammatical standpoint.

韩语:
（语法）: （困难）韩语的语法结构与日语非常接近。如果你懂日语，学韩语要容易得多。我试着从一本美国的韩语教科书中学习，但是当我意识到所有的解释都是从日语语法的角度看的时候，我就转到了日语的教科书上。



China having such a larger population understand the importance of their language and a lot of foreigners in China make an effort, in a smaller country like Korea most foreigners don't bother with the language so there is an expectation for you not to speak Korean.This translates to less opportunities to speak the language.

中国有庞大的人口，居住在中国的外国人知道汉语的重要性，所以总是努力去学。而像韩国这样的小国家，大多数外国人不会在意他们的语言，所以在这种心理作用下，很少人会主动说韩语。这也就意味着说这种语言的机会减少了。

So I'd say Chinese is easiest, Japanese second and Korean is the hardest.

所以我认为汉语最容易，日语第二，韩语最难。

Dan Guyer, Singer
Based upon my experience, learning Chinese is much harder. I spoke to high school students in Chicago who are studying both languages and received a resounding, ‘OMG! Japanese is much easier’. Japanese is one of the easiest languages to pronounce, and thus, speak.

根据我的经验，学汉语要难得多。我和同时学习汉语和日语的芝加哥高中生们交谈过，得到的答复都是清一色的：“天哪！日语简单多了。日语是最容易发音的语言之一。”等等



Gyu-Min Jo, knows Korean
I think it's Chinese..... since I have learned all three languages, Chinese was hardest. You have to memorize at least 3500 Chinese characters to use Chinese good. And you also have to pronounce it correctly. 5 different sound each has. However, you need only 1945 Chinese characters and about 100 Japanese alphabets to use Japanese. And Korean, 29 alphabets to memorize.

我已经学会了这三种语言，汉语是最难学的。你必须记住至少3500个汉字才能很好地使用汉语。你还必须正确发音。每个声音有5种不同的声音。但是，学习日语只需要1945个汉字和大约100个日文字母。韩语最少，只需要记住29个字母。

Of course, all these are basic. You will have to learn more to learn Korean or Japanese. But they will never be as much as Chinese.

当然，这些都是基本的。你必须学习更多的东西才能掌握韩语或日语。但是学习汉语所要掌握的东西却是无止境的。

Adam Reisman, B.A. in Linguistics
All three of those languages are ranked Category V for difficulty by the Foreign Service Institute, which is the most difficult of the five categories (for comparison, Spanish and French are Category I). Japanese is probably the hardest of those three for grammar, but the easiest for pronunciation.

这三种语文都被外交事务研究所列为第五类困难语言，这是五种语言中难度最大的(相比之下，西班牙文和法文为第一类)。在这三种语法中，日语可能是最难的，但在发音上却是最容易的。



Chinese has by far the easiest grammar though. Word order is the same as English much of the time. There's almost no word endings.
If you speak Finnish, Hungarian, Mongolian, or Turkish, you'll probably learn either Japanese or Korean with less effort than an English speaker.
If you speak Japanese, Korean, or Vietnamese, you'll have less trouble with Chinese than an English speaker would.

汉语的语法到目前为止是最简单的。很多时候，语序和英语是一样的。几乎没有词尾。
如果你说芬兰语、匈牙利语、蒙古语或土耳其语，你可能比说英语的人更轻松地掌握日语或韩语。
如果你会说日语、韩语或越南语，你在汉语方面的麻烦就会比说英语的人少。

I haven’t studied Japanese, but as a native English speaker from the United States, I am finding Korean much harder than Chinese.
Many people believe Chinese is an extremely hard language to learn, but in fact grammatically it is much simpler than a lot of languages. Modern Chinese follows the same basic word order as English, In addition, you don’t have to conjugate verbs in Chinese at all, but can simply indicate tense with particles or sometimes even just based on context.

我没有学过日语，但是作为一个以英语为母语的美国人，我发现韩语比汉语难得多。
许多人认为汉语是一门非常难学的语言，但事实上，从语法上讲，它比许多语言简单得多。现代汉语和英语一样遵循相同的基本语序，而且你在汉语中根本不需要连词动词，而是可以简单地用助词表示时态（过去/现在/将来），有时甚至可以根据上下文来表示时态。



However, grammatically Korean is a far more complex language than Chinese. It follows a subject-obxt-verb word order which at first makes you feel like you’re having to understand and construct sentences inside-out.
To have even a basic proficiency in Korean you will have to know a couple hundred grammatical structures, many of which are quite close to other ones and using them correctly requires understanding very fine distinctions.

然而，从语法上讲，韩语是一种比汉语复杂得多的语言。它遵循主语-宾语-动词（举例：我——饭——吃）的语序，这首先让你觉得你必须从内到外理解和构造句子。
要精通韩语，你需要知道几百个语法结构，其中许多结构与其他语法结构相当接近，正确使用它们需要理解非常细微的区别。

The one thing that may make Korean easier than Chinese for some people is its writing system (hangeul), which is phonetic. In fact, it’s a writing system designed to be learned easily, and many people can learn basically how to read out loud in a few hours or so.

对某些人来说，韩语比汉语容易的一件事就是它的书写系统，也就是语音。事实上，这是一个易于学习的写作系统，许多人基本上可以在几个小时左右的时间里学会如何大声朗读。



James Burke, Owner (2010-present)
Japanese speaking is by far the easiest as it has only 5 vowel sounds, the pronunciation is extremely simple for a speaker of English to master.

我觉得日语应该是迄今为止最简单的，因为它只有5个元音，对一个讲英语的人来说，发音是非常简单的。

However Korean writing is much, much easier to learn than Japanese’s crazy system of 3 mixed character sets. Korean uses a kind of systematic alphabet which can be learned in 3 or 4 days of determined study.

然而，韩文字符要比日本疯狂的三个混合字符集系统容易学得多。韩语使用的是一种系统的字母表，它可以在3到4天的学习中学会。

By comparison, hiragana and katakana, the easy Japanese writing, can be learned in about 2–4 weeks, but Kanji is a very long road that most people agree will take around 2 years of very diligent study to learn to read and write about 2,000 of the main “daily use” kanji.

相比之下，平假名和片假名，这两种简单的日文书写，可以在大约2-4周内学会，但汉字是一条很长的路，大多数人都认为，要学习大约2年的非常勤奋的学习，学习读写大约2000种主要的“日常使用”汉字。



Japanese has 70 main syllables , and then 36 more combination characters.
So even if you count every possible combination, there are 108 sounds in Japanese and no tones. That is about 1/10th the sounds that Mandarin Chinese has when you multiply by all the tones.

日语有70个主音节，还有36个组合字符。
因此，即使你把所有可能的组合都计算在内，日语中也有108个音，而且由于没有音调。普通话的声音数量大约是日语的十倍。

Learn the sounds in Japanese, learn the grammar rules, and learn some words, and you are ready to go. Japanese only gets difficult when you get into the nuances of who is senior, and certain formality issues (bosses talk differently than subordinates, women different than men, etc).
Chinese is complicated with all the tones. Use the wrong tone with the same sound, and you completely change the meaning

而在学习了日语的发音，语法规则，和一些单词之后，你对日语的大致脉络可以说是基本掌握了。
日语只有在你涉及到谁是上级的细微差别和某些礼节问题时才会变得困难(老板的谈话方式与下属不同，女人和男人的谈话方式不同，等等)。
汉语所有的声调都很复杂。用了错误的音调，你就完全改变了意思。



Japanese is the easiest when it comes to speaking. but for writing and reading, Korean is the easiest.
You can learn how to read and write in Korean in just a few days. however speaking the language and understanding it is another matter.
The pronunciation and grammar is very complicated and confusing.

日语最容易说。但是对于写作和阅读，韩语是最容易的。
你可以在几天内学会如何用韩语读写。然而，说这种语言和真正理解运用是另一回事
韩语的发音和语法非常复杂和混乱。

Japanese has simpler grammar and pronunciation. however the written form is difficult and you have to learn 3 different alphabets.
In my experience Japanese is the easiest of the three at a practical/spoken level.

日语语法和发音更简单。然而，书写是困难的，你必须学习3种不同的字符。
根据我的经验，在开口发音方面，日语是三者中最容易的。

The bottom line comes to which one motivates you the most. you will find it easier to study the language that you feel more passionate about.
if you are unsure, then research the countries a little or think about the reasons why you would want to learn each language.

最重要的是哪一个最能激励你。你会发现学习你感兴趣的语言更容易。
如果你不确定，那就研究一下这些国家，或者想想为什么你想要学习这些语言。