全球汽车制造商正在为电动汽车投资至少3000亿美元，其中超过45%被指定用于中国 [美国媒体]

A Reuters analysis of 29 global automakers found that they are investing at least $300 billion in electric vehicles, with more than 45 percent of that earmarked for China.

路透社对全球29家汽车制造商的分析发现，这些车企正在向电动汽车领域投入至少3千亿美元，而其中超过45%被专门用于中国市场。



EV INVESTMENT FLOWS BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN OF AUTOMAKER

按汽车制造商所属国划分的电动汽车投资流（图中左侧代表投资来源国，右侧为投资对象）：



A significant portion of the global industry’s planned EV investment and procurement budget — more than $135 billion — will be spent in China, which is heavily promoting the production and sale of electric vehicles through a system of government-mandated quotas, credits and incentives. As a result, EV spending by major Chinese automakers from SAIC to Great Wall Motors could be matched or even exceeded by multinational joint-venture partners such Volkswagen, Daimler and General Motors.

全球汽车行业计划中的电动汽车投资、采购预算的很大一部分（超过1350亿美元）将被用于中国。中国正通过政府颁布的配额、信贷及激励政策，大力推动电动汽车的生产和销售。其结果就是，从上汽集团（SAIC）到长城汽车（Great Wall Motors），中国主要汽车制造商的电动汽车投入将可能会追上甚至超过大众、戴姆勒（Daimler）、通用汽车（General Motors）等他们的跨国合资伙伴。



An electric car charging station is seen at Chinese automaker Geely's booth at the IEEV New Energy Vehicles Exhibition in October 2018.

在2018年10月举办的中国国际节能与新能源汽车展（IEEV = International Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles Exhibition）上，中国汽车制造商吉利（Geely）展台上的一个电动汽车充电站



In December 2018, VW said it planned to spend $34 billion on e-mobility initiatives and $57 billion on battery procurement through 2025. It plans to introduce 50 battery electric and 30 hybrid electric models by 2025, including 12 electrified models for Audi. Eventually, VW will offer electrified versions of all 300 models in its 12-brand global portfolio, including 15 million vehicles off its dedicated EV platform by 2025. VW will invest $17 billion by 2022 with China partners SAIC, FAW and JAC to make electrified vehicles.

2018年12月，大众宣布，到2025年公司计划投资340亿美元用于电动汽车项目，投资570亿美元用于电池采购。该公司计划到2025年推出50款电池动力车型和30款混合动力车型，其中包括12款奥迪电动车。最终，大众将为其全球产品组合的12个品牌旗下的全部300款车型，提供电气化版本，这其中还包括计划到2025年从其专有的电动汽车平台销售的1500万辆大众汽车。到2022年，大众将与其中国合作伙伴上汽集团（SAIC）、一汽（FAW）、江淮汽车（JAC）联合投资170亿美元用于电动汽车生产。



[–]trevize1138Model 3 Mid-range
With the exception of Tesla the US auto industry is set for a huge fall by not taking EVs more seriously. China and VW beat them to the punch when Detroit didn't even realize it should be fighting.

美国汽车产业由于不重视电动汽车必将面临大幅落后（特斯拉除外）。底特律甚至都还没意识到这是一场不得不打的仗，中国和大众就已经把他们击倒在地了

[–]mhornberger
The US auto industry has chosen trucks and crossovers as the hill to die on. All they can see is the piles of cash they're making from the Ford F-series, Silverado, Yukon, etc. They are banking on the notions that either BEV trucks won't show up in high numbers, won't be capable enough, will be too expensive, or people, due to cultural reasons, just won't want them.
If those assumptions are all true, then they can continue to manufacture trucks and just ignore the rest of the world. If those assumptions prove false, then their companies will fail. I can't even imagine what it'll do to our economy if Ford or GM go belly-up.

美国汽车产业选择的是卡车和跨界车（crossover，指介于轿车和SUV之间的车型），最终会被证明是死路一条。他们眼里就只看得到之前从福特猛禽皮卡系列（Ford F-series）、雪佛兰索罗德（Silverado）、育空河（Yukon）等车型上赚到的大笔现金。他们现在能指望的，就是要么电池动力卡车（BEV truck）最终不会大量出现，要么它们性能不足，要么价格太贵，要么因为文化原因不被（美国）人接受。
如果这些假设都能成真，那么他们就能继续靠生产卡车过活，而不必去管世界其他地方在干嘛。如果以上假设错了，那么这些（美国）公司就将一败涂地。如果福特或通用汽车破产会对我们的经济造成多大影响？我简直无法想象。



（*译注：“从油井到车轮”是一个在电动、燃油汽车优劣对比争论中产生的概念，指的是汽车动力无论如何来自某种初级原料提供的能源。如果是燃油车，那么就只用考虑“从邮箱到车轮（Tank to Wheel）”；而电动汽车，则是要计算“从油井到油箱（Well当然也指代了各种矿井等）”和“从邮箱到车轮”两部分）

[–]zombienudist
https://www.transportenvironment.org/press/electric-cars-emit-less-co2-over-their-lifetime-diesels-even-when-powered-dirtiest-electricity
Electric cars emit less CO2 over their lifetime than diesels even when powered with dirtiest electricity – study

https://www.transportenvironment.org/press/electric-cars-emit-less-co2-over-their-lifetime-diesels-even-when-powered-dirtiest-electricity
链接文章标题：《研究表明——即使是用最脏的方式发电，电动汽车在其全使用寿命内排放的二氧化碳仍然少于燃油车》（布鲁塞尔自由大学（VUB）发布）

[–]WobblyScrotum
I don't care how you two debate this stupid topic but electric vehicles are better because I won't have to breathe poisonous gases in the city that I live in

我不管你们想要就这个愚蠢的话题争论多久，但电动汽车显然更好，因为我至少不必在我居住的城市里呼吸有毒尾气了。

[–]feibie
They've started to replace buses with electric ones. 10,000 in shenzhen alone.

中国已经在开始用电动公交车汰换老式公交了。仅深圳一地就有1万辆之多。



[–]mehicano
45% of it is going to China, definitely seems like a win for them.

45%的投资流向中国，这对他们来说绝对是场胜利。

[–]TheCrowRunsFast
With China’s population being almost 1/4 of the world, is this really surprising?

中国人口几乎占到了全世界的1/4，所以这有什么好稀奇？

[–]ThiesH
Chinas population is about 18.1% or almost 1/5 not 25%, there is a big difference of 7% or 526,470,000 inhabitants

中国人口占世界人口比例是18.1%，或者说接近1/5，绝对不是25%，你这一差就差了7%，那可是5.26亿人口啊。

[–]TheCrowRunsFast
I bet you're fun at parties

我猜你去参加派对一定会很有趣

-------------------5 单个评论-------------------



[–]zexterio
Go figure, regulations work.
If it were up to the "free market" these carmakers would still be 10 years behind in EVs, because they'd all have a race to the bottom in terms of using the dirtiest (aka cheapest) engines and the smallest batteries for hybrids.

看看吧，（中国的）规章制度还是有作用的。
如果完全依赖于“自由市场”，这些汽车制造商在电动汽车上的步子至少还会拖延个10年，因为他们全都还会在最肮脏（同时也最便宜）的发动机和最小的混合动力电池上，一路竞争到死。

[–]corrective_action
Weird, it's almost like China demanding more EVs didn't suddenly cause manufacturers to stop wanting to sell cars there. I wonder if there's some sort of lesson here that could be applied to the US.

奇怪，中国对（车企）下达的更多地生产电动汽车的命令，似乎并没有导致汽车制造商一下子失去在中国继续销售汽车的兴趣。我很好奇这里面有没有什么是美国可以学习的经验。



（*译注：carbon footprint，碳足迹，比较准确的定义是指企业机构、活动、产品或个人通过交通运输、食品生产和消费以及各类生产过程等引起的温室气体排放的集合。）

[–]simons700
Say what you want about IP theft and stuff but China is a massive success story for VW.
4mln makes them the biggest Carmaker in China by far (all Japanese brands combined sold 5mln)
And while all the Talk is about the Tesla factory, BYD and NIO, VW knows that firing the first shot does not necessary win you the War!

任你再怎么鼓吹“中国窃取知识产权”什么什么的，但大众（VW）还是在那里取得了巨大成功。
400万辆的销售量使他们成为迄今为止中国市场上最大的汽车制造商（所有日本品牌加在一起销售量才500万辆）
尽管所有的话题关注的都是特斯拉工厂、比亚迪（BYD）和蔚来（NIO），但大众知道，打响第一枪并不一定能让你赢得整个战争！