中国表示，用人单位不得询问女性应聘者婚育情况 [美国媒体]

China says employers can't ask women if they want kids

中国表示，用人单位不得询问女性应聘者婚育情况



China says women really can have it all –at least in theory.

中国表示，女性真地可以拥有一切——至少在理论上是这样。

The country is doubling down on its fightagainst gender-based discrimination in the workplace, in order to encouragewomen to work and have children at the same time.

为了鼓励妇女同时工作和生育，中国正在加倍努力反对职场中基于性别的歧视。

A government directive released on Thursdaybans Chinese employers from posting “men only” or “men preferred” job adverts.

周四发布的一项政府指令禁止中国用人单位发布“只招男性”或“男性优先”的招聘广告。



An analysis by Human Rights Watch last yearfound a large number of job adverts, in both the public and private sectors,that openly stated a preference for men.

《人权观察》去年的一项分析发现，在公共和私营部门，大量的招聘广告都公开表达了对男性的偏好。

Some employers believe women are notsuitable for jobs in areas like statistics or construction, while others worryabout the costs of granting women maternity leave.

一些用人单位认为女性不适合从事数据统计或建筑等领域的工作，而另一些用人单位则担心给女性休产假的成本。

On Chinese social media, many women havecomplained of being asked about their childbearing plans during job interviews,especially after the two-child policy was enacted in 2016.

在中国的社交媒体上，很多女性抱怨在求职面试中被问及生育计划，尤其是在2016年二胎政策颁布之后。



“If companies are not allowed to ask questions,they can just reject all woman of a child-bearing-age,” says one of the most“liked” comments on the Twitter-like Weibo.

“如果不允许企业提问，它们可以拒绝所有育龄女性，”新浪微博上最受“欢迎”的一条评论说。

Many Chinese provinces have in recent yearsincreased maternity leave or introduced further incentives to encouragehouseholds to have a second child.

近年来，中国许多省份都延长了产假，或出台了进一步的激励措施，鼓励家庭生二胎。

In most places, companies are required togive four to five months of paid leave to new mothers, but only seven to 15days to new fathers.

在大多数地方，公司要求新妈妈有4到5个月的带薪假期，但新爸爸只有7到15天。


[–]MasterFubar -12 5
I'd say that with 1.2+ billion peoplealready, the Chinese need all the incentive they can get to not have children.
As a matter of fact, the whole world does.Don't you think over 7 billion is enough?

我想说的是，中国已经有12亿多人口了，他们真正需要的是所有能激励他们不要孩子的东西。
事实上，全世界都是这样。你不认为人口超过70亿已经够了吗？



[–]krausjxotv 7 5
Support of the elderly is a familyobligation that should not cause a tax burden. It does cause a tax burden inWestern countries because the elderly can vote for tax support which is not aproblem for China’s government.

赡养老人是一项家庭义务，不应造成税收负担。它确实给西方国家带来了税收负担，因为老年人可以投票支持税收，这对中国政府来说不是问题。

[–]mrminutehand 3 5
Anecdotally, the current young generationsworking normal jobs in modern cities can't afford to both take care of theelderly and have a child. Incomes have been stagnant against inflation andrises in the cost of living, and in the average developed Chinese city thenmost people would be unable to marry easily without parental financial supportin purchasing an apartment or car, which has long been seen as a requirementfor family stability. Even without taking into account a home, the cost ofraising a child is extremely high.
For the majority of people I know in China,they either marry and start a family, or commit to financially supporting theirrelatives through their retirement. Not both. As their parents approach oldage, quite a lot of people I know are starting to hit a crisis as they realiseit isn't feasible to become full time carers for their parents as well as theirown family. The money simply doesn't exist for this kind of thing, which is whyChina desperately needs a working social support system for the elderlysupported by tax.

有趣的是，现在的年轻一代在现代城市做着正常的工作，他们负担不起既要照顾老人又要孩子的费用。由于通货膨胀和生活成本的上升，收入一直停滞不前。在当时的中国发达城市，如果没有父母的经济支持，大多数人将无法轻易结婚，因为买房或买车一直被视为家庭稳定的必要条件。即使不考虑家庭因素，抚养孩子的成本也是非常高的。
在中国，我认识的大多数人要么结婚成家，要么承诺退休后在经济上支持亲戚。不会同时做到两点。随着他们的父母步入老年，我认识的很多人开始遇到危机，因为他们意识到，既要照顾自己的家人，又要照顾父母是不可能的。这些钱根本就不存在，这就是为什么中国迫切需要一个有税收支持的社会养老体系的原因。

[–]botsnall 1 5
This will cause an insane tax-burden on theyounger population who have to support a very big aging population.
Where will the young people find jobs inthe future so that they can pay these taxes to support retirees? 25M peoplejoined the chinese workforce last year and except for the lucky few, if theydid find jobs they were low quality. There are several recent examples of chinesefactories either closing down altogether or replacing the humans with robots orsoftware. I agree that we can support a bigger population but the mostsuccessful countries in the future will have shrinking populations. The averagequality of life will be miserable if the population growth remains unchecked.

“这将给年轻人带来沉重的税收负担，因为他们必须供养庞大的老龄化人口”
年轻人未来将在哪里找到工作，以便他们能够支付这些税来支持退休人员？去年有2500万人加入了中国劳动力大军，除了少数幸运的人，如果他们找到了工作，他们的工作质量就很低。最近有几个例子表明，中国工厂要么完全关闭，要么用机器人或软件取代人类。我同意我们可以支持更多的人口，但最成功的国家在未来的人口将会减少。如果人口增长不受控制，平均生活质量将是悲惨的。



[–]pl487 26 5
Not necessarily. They presumably know thatthey're walking a tightrope and carefully documented each performance failureor rule violation. If the HR manager knew what they were doing, they'll befine. This is their job, to ensure the company is never liable fordiscrimination while getting rid of any employee the bosses want gone.

不一定。他们可能知道自己在走钢丝，并仔细记录了每个性能失败或违反规则的情况。如果人事经理知道他们在做什么，他们会没事的。这是他们的工作，确保公司在解雇任何老板想要解雇的员工时不会受到歧视。

[–]ono412 9 5
Employment laws vary greatly state tostate.
CA lawmakers are notorious for reaching forprogressive change, but in the process leaving huge gaps in execution and manymany loopholes from rushing through unforseen risks.
CA Employment laws try so hard to endunemployment, focus on bringing in the big trading companies on the coast, andpresenting a progressive culture when none of the three work directly together.
A) Trader's want foreign workers with ascheap of domestic labor force as possible, meaning low pay, less jobs, andcheap training.
B) Unemployed want a job, but often have noqualifications or path to training. Meaning low pay, more jobs, with training.
C) Progressive culture wants workers to geta high minimum wage, strict employer regulation, and worker's compensations.Meaning higher pay, less jobs, with more training.
None of them fit together yet Californiadoesn't come up with any new ideas for fixing it, or making them work together.They just cycle through the newest progressive talking point and"fix" that, and move on before ensuring it can stand the test oftime. When they hit on the "protect Pregnant Mother's" fad, they threwdown some laws, bragged and patted themselves on the back, but never botheredto make provisions for simple loopholes like calling "performancereviews" ahead of firings.

各州的劳动法差别很大。
加州议员以追求渐进式改革而臭名昭着，但在这一过程中，在执行过程中留下了巨大的差距，在匆忙应对不可预见的风险时留下了许多漏洞。
加州的就业法律非常努力地试图结束失业，重点是引入沿海地区的大型贸易公司，并在这三家公司都没有直接合作的情况下，呈现出一种进步的文化。
1、贸易商希望外国工人拥有尽可能廉价的国内劳动力，这意味着低工资，更少的工作和廉价的培训。
2、失业者想要一份工作，但往往没有资格或接受培训的途径。意味着低工资，更多的工作和培训。
3、进步文化希望工人获得高的最低工资，严格的雇主规定和工人的补偿。意味着更高的工资，更少的工作，更多的培训。
但是加州并没有想出任何新的办法来解决这个问题，或者让他们一起工作。他们只是循环讨论最新的进展话题，并“修复”它，然后在确保它经得起时间的考验之前继续前进。当他们注意到“保护怀孕母亲”的时尚时，他们抛弃了一些法律，自吹自擂，拍马屁，但从来没有为解雇前打“绩效考核”这样的简单漏洞做过规定。



[–]Ezzbrez 56 5
That's because these sorts of measuresdon't actually make things equal. Like fundamentally maternity leave sucks forthe company and the workers who have to work with the mother. Not only do theyhave to be not working for several weeks, but having a newborn in the houseprobably isn't going to be a productivity boost either even once they get back.The actual answer would be to make paternity leave just as common as maternity,so that men and women are actually both equal.

这是因为这些措施实际上并不能使事情平等。就像产假对公司和和母亲一起工作的员工来说是很糟糕的。他们不仅需要几个星期不工作，而且在家里有一个新生儿可能也不会提高工作效率，即使他们回来了。真正的答案应该是让陪产假和产假一样普遍，这样男性和女性实际上都是平等的。

[–]hattiehalloran 2 5
This would be great, but there are two bigproblems with this:
The first is that a man may choose to goback to work if the paternity leave it unpaid. Even if it is, he is losing thepotential for overtime (which he may desire to increase the wealth of hisfamily) and opportunity for promotions.
The second is that not every pregnancyoccurs to a couple. In the United States, the common statistic forout-of-wedlock births is around 40%. It might be difficult for companies toaccept paternity leave in these cases, but if they do there is another problem.
53% are solo mothers. 12% are solo fathers.Only 35% are cohabitating.
That makes paternity leave complicated in alot of circumstances.

这个提议很棒，但有两个大问题：
首先，如果陪产假没有报酬，男性可以选择回去工作。即便如此，他也失去了加班的机会（他可能希望借此增加家庭财富）和升职的机会。
第二，并不是每一次怀孕都发生在一对夫妇身上。在美国，非婚生子女的比例普遍在40%左右。在这些情况下，公司可能很难接受陪产假，但如果他们接受了，还有另一个问题。
53%是单亲妈妈。12%是单亲父亲。只有35%的人同居。
这使得陪产假在很多情况下都很复杂。

[–]James_Solomon -6 5
Even so, the men don't give birth...

即便如此，男人也不生孩子……

[–]Ezzbrez 26 5
Giving birth is basically just a sick dayanymore, but even if it wasn't than it should be that women and men get thesame amount of time off for pregnancy related things, otherwise there is alwaysgoing to be an incentive to not hire women.

生孩子基本上不再是请病假了，但即使不是，女性和男性在怀孕相关的事情上也有相同的休假时间，否则就会有不雇佣女性的动机。



[–]Impulse882 12 5
It doesn’t make economic sense. Womenactually tend to work as hard as men and make less for it.
The amount of money the average companypays out in maternity leave is negligible compared to the amount of money itsaves ripping off its female workers.
Not saying this is good either, but in thecurrent climate “not hiring women is better economically” is nonsense -especially as women are more likely to compromise on what they want in exchangefor what they need (a man is more likely to pass up a decent job because hefeels it is beneath him than a woman)

这在经济上没有意义。事实上，女性往往和男性一样努力工作，却挣得更少。
与剥削女员工节省下来的钱相比，公司平均支付的产假工资微不足道。
也不是说这是好事，但在当前的环境下，“不聘用女性在经济上更好”是无稽之谈——尤其是在女性更有可能在她们想要的东西上妥协，以换取她们所需要的东西的情况下（男人放弃一份体面工作的可能性更大，因为他觉得这比女人低人一等）

[–]hatgarbage 5 5
Women that go all in on their career likemen make equal and in some cases even more than equivalent male counterparts.
And it's really not just money paid out inmaternity leave. You lose a core member of your team for an extended period oftime, possibly have to hire someone else, or burden their work on others. It'snot just a simple calculation of how much salary was paid on leave.

“像男性一样全身心投入工作的女性会得到平等的待遇，在某些情况下甚至比同等地位的男性还要多”
这不仅仅是产假钱的问题。你在很长一段时间内失去了团队的核心成员，可能不得不雇佣别人，或者把工作压在别人身上。这不仅仅是一个简单的假期工资计算。

[–]nowyourmad -8 5
Ok you hire a man in a culture who willjust work for you or you hire a woman who might get pregnant and be gone fromthe work place for an extended time due to a pregnancy. Which would you choose?Has nothing to do with what you pay either of them but who is going to bethere.
Women who don't have kids have no wagedisparity with men. Sometimes they even make more money on average depending onthe industry. It's not fair but only one of us can create life. And women liveon average seven years longer than men. Life isn't fair.

好吧，你雇佣一个文化背景下只会为你工作的男人或者你雇佣一个可能怀孕的女人因为怀孕而长时间离开工作场所。你会选择哪一个？这和你付多少钱没有关系，但谁会在那里。
没有孩子的女性与男性没有工资差距。有时，他们甚至平均赚更多的钱——取决于行业。这是不公平的，但我们之中只有一个人可以创造生命。女性的平均寿命比男性长7年。生活是不公平的。



[–]moderate-painting 1 4
Subsidize parental leave, but also, wegotta have some kind of vacation leave for those of us who don't have kids. I'mnot gonna say long vacation should be subsidized, but we should be able to takea long vacation without destroying our careers. It's about time to reduce theworking hours anyway.
Situation right now is terrible. If youtake one year off, it makes your resume look bad. Which is why most of us don'ttake a year off in the first place. But that's exactly why your resume wouldlook bad if you'd take your own long vacation at your own will. It's a circularshit that we must break out of. Automation was supposed to free us from thiscircle of hell.

补贴产假，但同时，我们也要为那些没有孩子的人提供一些假期。我不会说长假应该得到补贴，但我们应该能够在不破坏职业生涯的情况下享受长假。无论如何，该是减少工作时间的时候了。
现在的情况很糟糕。如果你请了一年的假，会让你的简历看起来很糟糕。这就是为什么我们大多数人一开始不休假一年的原因。但这就是为什么如果你随心所欲地休长假，你的简历就会看起来很糟糕。这是一个我们必须打破的循环。自动化本应把我们从这个地狱的循环中解放出来。

[–]shosure 1 4
Yes, but at least then the burden isn'tmore on one parent than the other. And more people have kids than not so it'snot like companies are gonna starting hiring only childfree workers.

是的，但至少父母一方的负担不会比另一方更重。有孩子的人比没有孩子的人多所以公司不会只雇佣没有孩子的员工。

[–]moderate-painting 1 4
In the short term, subsidize parentalleave, yes. In the long term, I think we should go for lessening the workinghours, so that both the workers who have children and the childless workershave time to enjoy life. Workers who are parents get to take a year off toraise their babies and childless workers take a year off to go hike in amountain or whatever. That means one year of empty space in a resume shouldbecome a normal thing. This is already normal in some industries where you moveup the job ladder by acquiring certificates. It works because nobody cares howmany years you take to get a certificate.

短期内，可以补贴产假。从长远来看，我认为我们应该减少工作时间，这样有孩子的工人和没有孩子的工人都有时间享受生活。为人父母的工人可以休一年的假来抚养他们的孩子，没有孩子的工人可以休一年假去爬山或做其他事情。这意味着一年的空白简历应该成为一件正常的事情。在某些行业，这已经是很正常的了，你可以通过获得证书来提升自己的职位。它之所以有效，是因为没人关心你需要多少年才能拿到一张证书。



[–]OctaviaStirling[🍰] 0 5
Not a problem in Australia. Maternity leaveback fill employees are offered a “fixed term” employment contract that stateswhen the woman returns from leave, their employment is up. Suits lots ofpeople, especially those who have fixed term working visas. Generally they areon leave for about a year, so a year of work is a reasonable time.

这在澳大利亚不成问题。产假回补员工会得到一份“固定期限”的雇佣合同，合同规定，当女性休完产假回来时，她们的工作就结束了。适合很多人，特别是那些持有固定期限工作签证的人。一般来说，他们休假一年左右，所以一年的工作是一个合理的时间。

[–]ArchmageXin 2 5
Lol. You are hired due to contribute to thecompany. If you go on maternity leave, the company have to
A. Figure out a way to make sure your workgoes un-interrupted. (super hard if you are an key employee)
B. Figure out how to keep you and yourreplacement (If he/she proven to be valuable).
Not every company can have both.

呵呵，你被录用是因为你对公司有贡献。如果你休产假，公司就得：
1、想办法确保你的工作不被打扰。（如果你是一名关键岗位员工，那就非常困难了）
2、想办法留住你和你的替代者（如果他/她被证明是有价值的）。
并不是每家公司都能同时拥有这两种能力。

[–]Akura- 0 5
If you can’t afford these things, you can’tafford workers and your business isn’t viable. Having kids is a normal part oflife.

如果你买不起这些东西，你就雇不起工人，你的企业就无法生存。生孩子是生活中很正常的一部分。

[–]Ddp2008 7 5
In Canada you go on unemployment insurance.So it's not a direct subsidy. You must work qualifying hours and pay into thesystem, leaving work for kids qualifies to receive unemployment benifits justlike being laid off does.

在加拿大，你参加失业保险。所以这不是直接补贴。你必须按照规定的时间工作，并向该系统支付工资，让符合条件的孩子们工作，就像被解雇一样，享受失业带来的好处。



[–]bababouie 15 5
What is the purpose of government if not toprovide services that ease the burdens of citizens?
Only for protection? let's see where thatgets us

如果不提供减轻公民负担的服务，政府的目的是什么?
只是为了保护不受侵略吗？让我们看看结果如何

[–]gaffaguy 1 4
free market did not work before and itwon't now. Ethical stuff aside, the extreme economic fluctuations of a freemarket is nothing anyone really wants

自由市场以前没有发挥作用，现在也不会。抛开道德因素不谈，自由市场的极端经济波动不是任何人真正想要的

[–]dinosaurs_quietly 2 5
The main purpose of the government is to dothings that individuals cannot do on their own, like building roads.Redistributing money to people who need it is a benefit when done wisely, butit is not the main purpose.

政府的主要目的是做一些个人无法独立完成的事情，比如修路。将钱重新分配给需要的人是明智的做法，但这不是主要目的。



[–]The-JerkbagSFW 2 5
Don't forget, the woman taking leave cancome back for a week, decide she doesn't want the job anymore because of heroffspring, and can quit on the spot. Then you're out months of leave pay,months of productivity, and months that could have been spent training areplacement!

别忘了，休假的女性可以回来一个星期，然后因为孩子的原因决定不再想要这份工作，然后当场辞职。然后你就失去了几个月的休假工资，几个月的生产力，还有几个月的时间可以用来培训新员工!

[–]whichwitch9 10 5
They skewed their male/female ratio withthe one child policy. There is an abundance of single men now, but not as manypotential partners. Making it more difficult to normalize the skewed ratio,women are putting forward their own careers before starting a family.
Women are not risking their careers forfamilies, so to normalize the population a bit, they have to make it easier forwomen to continue careers while having families. Forcing women to do otherwiseis not a valid option because that risks pissing off over half the population,so policy changes are the best bet.

他们用独生子女政策扭曲了男女比例。现在单身男性很多，但潜在伴侣没那么多。使这一失衡的比例正常化变得更加困难的是，女性在组建家庭之前就开始了自己的事业。
女性不会为了家庭而拿自己的职业冒险，所以为了让人口正常化一点，她们必须让女性在有家庭的同时更容易继续工作。强迫妇女不这样做不是一个有效的选择，因为这有激怒半数以上人口的风险，因此改变政策是最好的选择。

[–]BasicallyAQueer -8 5
Some people would argue that having kidsisn’t a right, it’s a privilege, and part of me would agree with them. If thegovernment pays for you to have kids, then why stop having kids?? That can beproblematic in a place like China with over a billion people already.
Now in Japan? Yeah, they should beencouraging every women that can to have a kid or two, and then treat them likequeens because their population is falling. But China doesn’t need more people.

有些人会说，生孩子不是一种权利，而是一种特权，我的一部分会同意他们的观点。如果政府付钱让你生孩子，那为什么不生孩子呢？在中国这样一个已经有超过10亿人口的国家，这可能是个问题。
现在的日本呢？是的，他们应该鼓励每个能生一两个孩子的女性，然后像对待女王一样对待她们，因为她们的人口在减少。但中国不需要更多的人。



[–]bootyonics 3 5
I guess employers could then ask men andwomen whether they want kids in interviews, but otherwise they would have noway of knowing if both genders were expected to lose career time to childbirthstuff. It would solve the issue of men being hired and promoted over women dueto the company's ability to greater exploit a man's productivity over hiscareer. Get rid of the difference in output and career growth, and they are thesame job or promotion candidate.

我猜雇主可以在面试中询问男女是否想要孩子，但如果不是这样，他们就无法知道男女是否会因为生孩子而浪费工作时间。这将解决男性比女性更容易被雇佣和晋升的问题，因为公司有能力在职业生涯中更大程度地利用男性的生产力。消除产出和职业发展的差异，他们就是同一份工作或晋升的候选人。

[–]THE_MUNDO_TRAIN 3 5
Every job I've been interviewed for, theyask questions to fish out the stability of your love relation. If you're over25 they ask if you have kids then some subtle question that fishes for youpossibly having another kid.
They don't straight up ask "do you wantkids?" as that could possibly harm their company. But with psychologicaltools they can fish out the same answer through more "casual" talk.Because it is a huge concern for the employer, they don't want their freshlyinstalled employee to suddenly go on paternity leave in the near future.

我面试过的每一份工作，他们都会问一些问题，来试探你的爱情关系是否稳定。如果你超过25岁，他们会问你是否有孩子，然后一些微妙的问题可能会让你有另一个孩子。
他们不会直接问“你想要孩子吗？”但有了心理工具，他们可以通过更“随意”的谈话，得出同样的答案。因为这是雇主非常关心的问题，他们不希望新员工在不久的将来突然休陪产假。

[–]violazhou 2 4
Hi, I'm the Inkstone reporter who wrotethis story. I've been reading the comments here, and it's helpful to knowdiscrimination against child-bearing-age women is common in other countries aswell. China has been making maternity leaves longer in order to encouragebirths. And many Chinese women actually agree that having pregnant employeescan be a big burden for companies. That's why this rule is heavily criticizedon Chinese social media. People say companies will always find ways to rejectwomen who may have children in the future, they have come up with twosolutions: 1. Make mandatory paternity leave as along as maternity leave 2. Thegovernment subsidizes companies for granting leave to mothers. What do youthink of these? And happy to answer other questions about gender discriminationin China.

嗨，我是写这篇链接报道的记者。我一直在阅读这里的评论，了解到对育龄妇女的歧视在其他国家也很普遍是很有帮助的。为了鼓励生育，中国一直在延长产假。事实上，许多中国女性都认为，怀孕的员工对公司来说是一个很大的负担。这就是为什么这一规定在中国社交媒体上受到严厉批评。人们说，公司总能找到拒绝未来可能有孩子的女性的方法，他们提出了两个解决方案:1、制定强制性的陪产假和产假。2、政府为企业提供产假补贴。你觉得这些怎么样？很高兴回答关于中国性别歧视的其他问题。



[–]allidto -6 5
Wow, China actually did something nice foronce.

哇，这一次中国真地做了件好事。
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