西方的基督教世界观阻碍和平共处 [美国媒体]

-------------译者：maggicqueen99-审核者：小猫吃米线------------



How do you identify yourself within the human race? Religion and ethnicity may both play a part and at first glance seem to be distinct categories. We may think of religion as a choice we make freely whereas our ethnicity or race is stamped at birth. But there are complex overlaps between these elements.

你如何在人种中确定你自己的身份？宗教和种族都有一定作用，咋看起来，风牛马不及。我们先天就贴上种族民族标签，然而宗教我们可以自由选择。但这些元素之间存在着复杂的重叠。

What is the connection for instance between being Christian and being British or English? In his 2016 Easter address the British Prime Minister David Cameron spoke of the British values he sought to defend as “Christian values” and of the pride we should feel that Britain is “a Christian country”.

举例来说，作为基督徒和作为英国人或者英格兰人之间的联系是什么？英国首相戴维.卡梅伦在他的2016个复活节讲话中，他谈到他所捍卫的英国价值观就是“基督教价值观”，并且认为我们应该为英国是“一个基督国家”而自豪。

 -------------译者：maggicqueen99-审核者：小猫吃米线------------

In doing so he connected Britishness with being Christian. It is therefore no surprise that a recent report which highlighted the overlaps between race and religion in the UK suggested that some religious groups and communities suffer forms of prejudice and exclusion that “prevent them from seeing themselves as belonging fully to the national story”.

他的说法把英国人和基督徒捆绑到了一起。因此，毫不奇怪，最近的一份报告着重指出，在英国的种族和宗教之间的重叠表明，一些宗教团体和社区遭受各种形式的偏见和排斥，这“妨碍了他们完全属于这个国家的认同感”。

Religion and ethnicity race or nationhood are lixed in complex ways. The most prominent conflicts in the contemporary world are ones in which religion and ethnicity (or nation or race) are connected whether we think they should be or not. White Western and Christian are often set in opposition to brown Arab and Muslim.

宗教和种族或民族主义是以复杂的方式相互关联的。在当今世界上最严重的冲突是那些宗教和种族（或国家或人种）相关联的冲突，不管我们认为它们应该是或应该不是。西方白人和基督徒通常和棕色的阿拉伯人和穆斯林处于对立的位置上。

 -------------译者：maggicqueen99-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

But this is not a particularly modern phenomenon and ancient texts are important in understanding the roots of these issues. The Bible in particular and its (mostly Western) interpretations can be implicated in constructions of identity in both religious and ethnic terms.

但这不是一个特别的现代现象，古老的经文在理解这些问题的根源时也很重要。特别是《圣经》和它（主要是西方）的解读，可以认为包含了宗教和民族术语的构建。

Scholars often depict Judaism at the time of Christian origins as an exclusive particular group identity. Judaism is seen as a kind of ethnicity or race from which others were excluded despite evidence that Jews were often socially integrated into their wider societies and also welcomed sympathisers and converts of various kinds to join them.

学者们往往把犹太教在基督教起源时期描绘成一个独特的特定群体的身份认同。犹太教似乎是一种将其他民族或者种族的人排除在外的身份，尽管有证据表明犹太人经常融入更广泛的社会，也欢迎同情者和和其他各种人皈依，加入他们的行列。

-------------译者：lassie-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

These scholarly caricatures of Jews helped to generate violent anti-Semitism a form of racial and religious prejudice that most horrifically enacted in the Holocaust. By contrast Christianity is frequently depicted as a universal all inclusive movement which welcomes all people from all races and backgrounds. The Apostle Paul declared: “There is no longer Jew or Greek no longer slave or free no longer male and female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus” (Galatians 3.28). This sounds rather like the welcoming universal message of tolerance and acceptance that modern liberals like to reiterate.

这些针对犹太人的学术性漫画助长了猛烈的反犹主义的产生，反犹主义是大屠杀中所确立的令人毛骨悚然的偏见，这种偏见既是种族上的，也是宗教上的。相反的是，基督信仰通常被刻画为普世的，欢迎来自所有种族，所有背景的人们的这样一场“包含在内的”运动。使徒保罗宣称：“ 并不分犹太人，希利尼人，自主的，为奴的，或男或女。因为你们在基督耶稣里都成为一了”（加拉太书3:28）。这听起来就像现代的自由派所反复重申的，对于宽容与接受的普世性欢迎。

-------------译者：724519871-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

But there is another side to this appealing message just as there is when Cameron praised freedom and tolerance but insisted that Britain is a Christian country. Saint Paul’s basis for acceptance and belonging demands an allegiance to Jesus Christ. Early Christians like Jews described their group identity in ethnic or racial terms. They saw themselves as brothers and sisters descendants of Abraham following a common way of life raising their children in a “Christian” way. They identified themselves as a particular “people” in a world of sinful “pagans”. It is no coincidence that a sense of identity as a Christian people often combines aspects of religious ethnic and national characteristics.

但是这个很有吸引眼球的信息还有另一方面，就像当卡梅伦称赞自由和宽容的同时，却坚称英国是个基督教国家。圣保罗所谓的接纳和归属，需要把拥护耶稣基督作为前提。早期的基督徒像犹太人以种族来确定自己的群体认同。他们把彼此看成是自己的兄弟姐妹、亚伯拉罕的后代， 遵循共同的生活方式，用“基督”的方式去教育他们的孩子。他们认为自己是特殊的人，生活在一个充满罪恶“异教徒”世界上。这并不是偶然，因为基督徒的身份意义，通常包含三方面，即宗教特性，种族特性和民族特性。

-------------译者：xtyz117-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Both early Jews and early Christians in other words saw themselves as a particular kind of “people” even though they articulated this in different ways. When Christian interpreters ignore this similarity and instead depict Judaism as exclusive and closed and Christianity as all embracing and inclusive they (perhaps unwittingly) reflect and reinforce the imperial ideology of the white Christian West. Everyone can live peacefully and tolerantly together as long as it is under the umbrella of the system of values and practices that we determine and impose – often with overwhelming military power. Religious mission and imperialism stand awkwardly close together.

换句话说，早期的犹太人和基督徒视自己为特殊的一种“人”，尽管他们对这含义的表达并不相同。当基督教解释者忽略这种相似性反而将犹太人描述成排外以及封闭的，将基督徒描述成可接受和包容一切时，他们（或许是不自觉地）表达并强化西方白人基督教的帝国主义意识形态。只要在我们所制定和强加（通常伴随着压倒性的军事力量）的价值观和实践系统的保护下。宗教使命与帝国主义笨拙地站在了一起。

-------------译者：724519871-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

In the study of race “whiteness” came to attention only relatively late. Being “white” was in a sense the unnoticed unremarked kind of racial identity – precisely because it was the dominant default perspective from which “others” were observed. But what that in turn reflected was the dominant position of the white population whose racial identity did not need it seemed to be examined. Yet such a masked assumed position of domination was (and is) precisely at the heart of the problem of race and racism.

“白人”种族研究受到关注相对较晚。“白人”某种意义上是被忽视的、未被注意的种族身份----因为这是一种占支配地位的默认的肤色，以观察者的身份自居来观察其他人种。但是这也反映出白人的优越地位，他们的种族不需要研究。这样一个统治地位的假定，正是种族和种族主义问题的核心。

-------------译者：724519871-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

A similar presumption of dominance that operates in the case of whiteness often also operates in the case of “Christianness”. It is in effect the white Christian West which sets the parameters within which others may find their place. It does this all too often in ways that conceal the fact that this is a white Christian programme which requires others to accept its frxwork values and commitments or – despite its stress on freedom and tolerance – face its uncompromising force.

类似的优越性的假设，存在于白人主义中，通常也存在于基督主义之中。它实际上是西方基督教白人弄出的的东西，让他人可以区别他们。它通常隐藏了一个事实，即这是一个白人基督徒的制定的规则，让其他人要么接受它的价值以及约束，要么—尽管它标榜自由和宽容——面对它强加的暴力。

Until we can find better paradigms for peaceful coexistence is it any wonder that those from other ethnic and religious backgrounds feel their own values and identity are being compromised in the process?

除非我们可找到更好和谐共处的范例，否则，那些来自其他民族和宗教背景的人感到他们的价值和身份在这个过程中受到侵范，也就没什么奇怪的了。


-------------译者：布拉格鸽子蛋-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

BobJo R26; 7 hours ago
Just so we're clear--RELIGION is the PRIMARY hindrance to peaceful co-existence among humans. The single-most evil concept that one human has ever heaped upon another is the bullshit of 'Original sin'. If any religion were valid it would be self-evident and wouldn't require the indoctrination of children in order to survive.

因此我们很清楚：宗教是人类和平共处的首要障碍。最恶毒的观点莫过于人们刚生下来就被安上一大堆狗血的“原罪”。如果宗教是合理的，它应该不言自明，而没必要为了存续如此教育孩子们。

Xtianity is nothing more than some Iron Age version of some Bronze Age horseshit. It's now WAY beyond time for humanity to grow the fuck up and put away their childish notions like Santa and the Jeebus Bunny. ENOUGH.

基督教不过是青铜时代铁器时代的一些谎言罢了。宗教也应当与时俱进，把那些诸如圣诞老人和复活节兔子的孩子气想法收起来。足够了

-------------译者：布拉格鸽子蛋-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

billofjazz  BobJo R26; 6 hours ago
Well spoken.
I'll be happy when the last monarch is strangled with the entrails of the last priest.
Enough with the religious BS that has hindered growth and progress because it's Bronze age authors knew nothing of value with regards to science and humanism.

说得很好。
当最后一位帝王被最后一位牧师的肠子勒死时，我会很高兴的。 
宗教的胡扯已经够多了，它阻碍了人类的成长与进步。因为青铜时代的作者们对科学与人文的价值观一无所知。
 
3GSimpleton  billofjazz R26; 6 hours ago
Don't forget commie hippies hanging from the lampposts...that's one of my personal favorites.

别忘了挂在路灯柱上的共产主义嬉皮士……那可是我的最爱之一。

-------------译者：724519871-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Palimpsestuous R26; 7 hours ago
I was perplexed by the author's apparent innocence and lack of deep understanding until I got to the end: "David Horrell Professor of New Testament Studies." Only a professor of New Testament Studies could manage to elide the 1500 year long Catholic "blood libel" against Jews the same libel Hitler used to eradicate 6 million Jews and Stalin et. al. used to eradicate untold numbers of Jews via pogrom.
 
我对作者的天真和缺乏（对犹太教）深度了解困惑，直到我看到这个：“David Horrell职业，新圣约研究。”一个研究新约教授竟然无视长达1500年之久的、天主教反犹太教“血诬案”，因为这样的诬蔑，希特勒杀了600万犹太人，斯大林等人使用同样的手段也杀了无数的犹太人。

For a professor this dude's out to lunch. The only non-indigenous religion I know of that conflates ethnicity with belief is Judaism but I'm not a scholar of religion so perhaps there are more.
 
作为一个教授，这家伙就是个蠢货。据我所知，仅有的能够将种族融合在一起的非本土宗教就是犹太教，不过，我不是一个宗教学者，不敢保证还有其他宗教。

Furthermore the Bible is one of the most exclusionary texts I've ever looked at. It's filled with reasons to deny outsiders admission as Christians. Hinduism is the exact opposite inviting everyone who believes pretty much anything to call themselves Hindus. The same is true of Taoism Shinto and a host of Eastern religions.

此外，圣经是我看到过最排外的的书籍。里面充斥着各种理由，抵制外来人皈依为基督徒。印度教则完全相反，允许任何人称呼自己为印度教徒，同样的还有神道教以及很多其他东方宗教。

-------------译者：布拉格鸽子蛋-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Maggiemay R26; 9 hours ago
Deal with it.

搞定。 
 
Soldier For FSM R26; 9 hours ago
Fair enough. But I can't imagine an article on this site entitled "Islamic Theocracies are a hindrance to peaceful co-existence".

够公平。但我无法想象这儿能出现一篇题为“伊斯兰神权政治阻碍和平共处”的文章。
 
Crazy Cat Lord  Soldier For FSM R26; 8 hours ago
You could replace "Christian" with "Islamic" in the above article and it would be just as true except for the white supremacy aspect of Christianity. But I think that's best addressed by social critics and reformers in Islamic countries. Here in the West Christianity is the biggest threat to peaceful multicultural coexistence.

你可以将上述文章中的“基督教”替换为“伊斯兰教”，除了基督教的白人至上主义外，其他也一样真实。不过我认为那最好由伊斯兰国家的社评者和改革者来解决。在西方世界，基督教是多元文化和平共处的最大威胁。

-------------译者：布拉格鸽子蛋-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Soldier For FSM  Crazy Cat Lord R26; 8 hours ago
No. Not "just as true". The UK isn't a Christian Theocracy. You can leave the Anglican Church without fear of imprisonment or bodily harm. And while it is all well and good to say "we'll leave it to reformers in Islamic countries" you are downplaying how dangerous it is to speak out against conservatism in those same countries. "The West" wasn't silent about South African apartheid. I don't see why we should be silent about the Islamic "apartheid" against women LGBT people and freethinkers.

不，不是一样真实。英国并不是基督教神权国家。你可以不用害怕被拘禁或遭受人身伤害而悠然地离开圣公会。“我们把它留给伊斯兰国家的改革者”话是这么说，你低估了在那些国家公开反对保守主义的危险程度。“西方人”对南非的种族隔离并没有保持沉默。我不明白为什么我们要对伊斯兰针对妇女、同性恋和自由思想者的“种族隔离”保持沉默。
 
billofjazz  Soldier For FSM R26; 6 hours ago
I don't see why we should be silent about the "Christian" apartheid against women LBGT people and freethinkers.

我不明白为什么我们要对基督教针对妇女、同性恋和自由思想者的“种族隔离”保持沉默。 
 
Soldier For FSM  billofjazz R26; 4 hours ago
We shouldn't. Just don't pretend Christianity is equivalent to Islam on those issues in 2016

回楼上，我们不应该保持沉默。另外，在2016年的那堆破事上，别把基督教等同于伊斯兰教。

-------------译者：好死不如赖活着-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Crazy Cat Lord  Soldier For FSM R26; 7 hours ago
This article is about the Christian world view though not about Western forms of government. If Western religious conservatives had their way we would live in very similar theocracies.

 虽说这篇文章是关于基督教的世界观的而不是西方的政府组成模式。如果西方宗教保守派得势的话我们也许会住在一个非常相似的神权政治国家。

Western secularization and democratization was only made possible by schisms that weakened the churches' political influence. All progressive social movements had to fight against the churches and the Christian-conservative culture to push for women's rights workers' rights LGBT rights etc. Christian conservatives are still desperately trying to roll this social progress back.

只有教会分裂导致宗教的政治影响力减弱，才使得西方的世俗化和民主化变得可能。所有进步性的社会活动都不得不抵抗教会和基督教保守的文化从而推动女权运动、女同性恋运动、男同性恋运动、双性恋运动、跨性别运动等。基督教保守派仍然拼命的想要击退这些社会进步活动。

This loss of religious influence is what distinguishes Western democracies from Islamic theocracies. But not from all Muslim majority countries. The example of pre-Erdogan Turkey shows that secular progressive change is also possible in Islamic cultures.

这种宗教影响的减弱正是西方民主政治和伊斯兰的神权政治的不同之处，当然不是所有的穆斯林国家。埃尔多安执政前的土耳其也表明了世俗化的改革举措在伊斯兰国家中也是有可能实现的。

-------------译者：布拉格鸽子蛋-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Dirk Prophet R26; 9 hours ago
It is the curse Abraham laid upon his children. "All of you MUST be right." It is the one true god. There is no god but god. It is the father son and holy ghost and all others are hearsay. The Curse afflicts Christians Jews and Muslims. It is the curse of "Only I Know the True Religion and all others will burn." Thank the father. Abraham.

这是亚拉伯罕给孩子们的诅咒。“你们所有人都必须正确。”只有一个真正的神。除了上帝之外没有其他神。只有圣父，圣子和圣灵，其他神明都是虚拟的传闻。这个诅咒折磨着基督徒、犹太人和穆斯林。这诅咒其实是“只有我知道真正的宗教，烧死异教徒。”感谢先知，亚拉伯罕。（译者注：圣经旧约提及，亚拉伯罕是犹太教、伊斯兰教和基督教的先知，也是希伯来民族和阿拉伯民族的祖先。其嫡子以撒是犹太民族的祖先，庶子以实玛利是阿拉伯民族的祖先，耶稣是他的第五十二代后辈子孙。） 

Hineni47  Dirk Prophet R26; 9 hours ago
' It is the curse of "Only I Know the True Religion and all others will burn." '

这诅咒其实是“只有我知道真正的宗教，烧死异教徒。”

False! Jews do not think non Jews are thereby going to hell.

太假了！犹太人才不会让非犹太人下地狱呢！

-------------译者：724519871-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Crazy Cat Lord  Hineni47 R26; 8 hours ago
Ancient Judaism had no dual afterlife concept (unlike some modern schools of Judaism) but it laid the groundwork for the idea of Yahweh as a jealous and intolerant god who wanted worshippers of other deities to be tortured and killed.
 
古代犹太教没有来世的概念（不像当代的一些犹太教派）但是他为耶和华的概念奠定了基础，耶和华是一个嫉妒的和狭隘的的神，所以想要其他神明的信徒都要受折磨和杀害。

The torah / old testament does not only say "whoever sacrifices to a god other than the lord must be utterly destroyed". It is also full of gruesome historical examples from the beheadings of Baal and Asherah worshippers among the Israelites by radical Yahwehist leaders like Elijah to the genocidal slaughter of entire non-Hebrew tribes by Moses and his gang who made ISIS look like amateurs.
 
摩西五卷/旧约圣经不仅记载“谁向除了耶和华之外的上帝祭祀，谁就会彻底毁灭。”里面还充满了可怕的历史例子，比如，在以色列，巴力和亚瑟拉的信徒被激进的耶和华教派领导者以利亚斩首，摩西及其团伙对非希伯来部族进行种族大屠杀，相比之下如今的ISIS就像是业余的菜鸟。

The irrational hatred of the very advanced and culturally diverse Babylonian Empire also comes to mind. "Happy is the one who seizes [Babylonian] infants and dashes them against the rocks". It is no coincidence that this sounds like something ISIS might do. Or like the horrors that Columbus and his hench-Christians inflicted on the West Indies Natives. Ancient Judaism was the first Abrahamic culture that would tolerate no other culture besides it.
 
也让人想起了他们对非常先进和文化多元的巴比伦王国荒谬的仇恨。“快乐就是夺取巴比伦婴儿和将他们朝石头上扔出去”。这不是巧合，这听起来就像ISIS的做法。或者像哥伦布和他的基督教追随者加在西印度土着头上恐怖残忍。古犹太教是第一个亚伯拉罕文化，它不会包容其他文化。