眼望中国历史，了解中国未来 [美国媒体]

-------------译者：724519871-审核者：罗三------------



In the midst of one of the most heated presidential elections in decades the United States faces numerous challenges abroad including countering ISIS in the Middle East and solidifying the economic relationship with Europe.

在几十年来最激烈的总统选举中，美国面临许多海外挑战，其中包括打击中东isis组织，巩固与欧洲的经济联系。

Despite the current attention-grabbing challenges at home and abroad the continually emerging importance of the U.S.-China relationship must not be lost in the turmoil.

尽管美国目前在国内外面临着一系列重大挑战，但是中美关系不断显现的重要性千万不能在这些动荡之间被忽视。

There are many complexities and challenges in the Sino-U.S. bilateral relationship and yet leaders in both countries seemingly agree that it has become the world’s most important one. However the paradoxical nature of the relationship blurs the path to a cohesive and effective U.S. policy towards China.

中美双边关系有着许多复杂性、挑战性，而且两国领导人好像也赞成中美关系已经成为这个世界最重要的外交关系。然而两国关系中矛盾让美国对华关系的连续性和有效性变变得模糊了。

-------------译者：724519871-审核者：罗三------------

Often China can seem to be our friend enemy and middleman all at the same time. Even further there are many times when communication difficulties and rhetoric between our countries can make matters worse.

通常情况下，中国好像既是我们的朋友、敌人，也是中间人。更进一步说，当在我们国家之间沟通和措辞出现许多问题的时候，事情会变得更糟。

I saw this difficulty first hand on a visit to Beijing Chongqing and Shanghai with the U.S. Association of Former Members of Congress hosted by the China-United States Exchange Foundation.

在中美交流协会接待下，我与前国会成员团体一起访问北京、重庆和上海的时候，亲眼目睹了其中的困难。

Our delegation of five former Members of Congress tried many times to convey the American perspective on the South China Sea and often found ourselves saying “Let’s agree to disagree on this point.”

我们的5个前国会成员团体的代表，曾经多次尝试传递美国在南中国海的观点，在这个过程中，我们常常发现自己会说“让我们在这一点上保留各自意见”。

-------------译者：小猫吃米线-审核者：罗三------------

However if there is one thing that my recent trip to China reminded me of it is the role   the country’s 5000+ years of history plays in all of Beijing’s decisions. China’s deep and complicated history is one that is often overshadowed by the days of Mao and more recent reforms.

然而我在中国的最近旅行让我意识到，中国5000年的历史在北京的决策中发挥作用。中国深刻而复杂的历史被毛时期以及后来的改革蒙上阴影。

The Middle Kingdom as is the literal Chinese translation of the country’s name has long considered itself the center of the universe with periphery states many of them formerly known as “barbarians” surrounding it.

“中国”二字的字面意识就是“中央王国”，长久以来中国就认为自己是世界中心，而那些围绕在中国周边的附庸国大多被称作“蛮夷”。

While having had little expansionary will throughout its history China has viewed the “lesser” states around it as having elements of Chinese culture. Sinocentric dominance was not sought to be territorial but cultural.  This is an important historical point.

贯穿整个历史中国很少侵略扩张。中国认为其周边的小国家必须汉化，以中国为中心的统治不是领地而是文化。这是一个很重要的历史观点。

-------------译者：feiyafei-审核者：罗三------------

While China’s territorial claims and cultural impact often stopped at the water’s edge it did once have one of the most powerful navies in the world during the Ming Dynasty when Admiral Zheng He explored the world visiting many kingdoms and continents. Zheng He’s navy was both technologically advanced and large for the time.

中国对其领土的主张和其文化影响一般止于水陆交界的地方。在明朝时它也曾拥有世界上最强大的舰队，在指挥官郑和的领导下，舰队探索并到访了很多国家和地区。不论是科技成就还是规模，郑和的舰队在当时都处于领先水平。

However his voyages were not ones of conquest differing from the West’s years later but ones of tribute and encounter. While the superiority of China and the Emperor were to be acknowledged only tributes invitations and rituals followed.

然而，他的航行并不与多年后西方国家为了征服而进行的航海相同，这是一种朝贡与交流。中国的国威与皇帝的至高无上在航行中得到了宣扬，然而伴随而来的只有邀请朝奉与欢迎仪式。

Throughout history China has been attacked externally and internally mostly by land. Constantly being exploited and on the defensive has left its mark on the country. China knew it could never conquer all of its surrounding neighbors nor could it ever be completely safe living in a constant state of insecurity.

纵观历史，中国的内外受攻主要是通过陆地，经常被剥削或者处于守势。中国知道它永远无法征服周围所有的邻居，也不可能独善其身的生活在一种不安全的恒定状态中。

-------------译者：demoncrafacy-审核者：罗三------------

To surmount such adversity China relied on its soft power abilities including its cultural strength to coerce its neighbors into cooperation and even assimilation. As Kissinger pointed out in On China “Its goal was not to conquer and subjugate barbarians but to ‘rule [them] with a loose rein’ (jin mi) through its cultural strength.”

为了克服这个困难，中国依靠它的软实力、包括它的文化力量，来迫使它的邻国进行合作甚至被同化。正如基辛格在《论中国》中所指出的，“它的目的不是战胜并征服野蛮人，而是通过它的文化力量来用宽松的缰绳（羁縻政策）来统治它们。

While China and the world-at-large continue to discover a post-Cold War world order that includes Beijing remembering China’s history will be valuable in forming a better understanding of Beijing’s goals and aspirations.

中国以及世界其他国家都在继续探索建立一个冷战后包括北京在内的世界秩序，而要想更好的理解中国的目标和愿望，我们就得回想起中国的历史。

China is without a doubt looking to increase its regional influence and power but based upon past history it is not necessarily looking for territorial conquests and victories. It is instead likely looking to increase its soft power capabilities seen also through its greater involvement in global affairs such as the Paris climate summit the Iran deal and North Korea.

中国无疑正寻求增长地区影响力和权利，但是从中国历史可知，中国未必会想去占领他国领土。这反而看起来更像是通过参与例如巴黎气候峰会、伊朗协议、北韩等寻求增加软实力。

-------------译者：demoncrafacy-审核者：罗三------------

China’s threat to the balance of power and the world hegemon is amplified by China’s potential capabilities and growth. Military spending has continued to increase even with the relatively meager rise in expenditures in 2016.

由于中国的潜在能力和发展，使得中国对权力平衡和世界霸权的威胁被放大。军事开销持续增长，尽管2016年的预算稍有减缓。

It is easy to get caught up in the heightened rhetoric and over-magnify the territorial disputes as the beginning of China’s looming dominance regionally and globally. But history may provide some relief from doomsday analogies and theories that proclaim China and the United States are on an inevitable path to war.

由于中国的地区和全球影响力的不断增加，人们很容易采取强烈的措辞并放大领土争议。有人认为中美必有一战，但是我们或许可以从历史中找到解决的办法。

History cannot explain all and China may be entering uncharted territory. The country’s evolving policy will require a different approach from that of the United States.

历史不能解释全部，中国或许会进入未知的领地。中国的政策应该要不同于美国。

In the meantime a sensible approach attentive of China’s rich history and aspirations that doesn’t forget but also doesn’t exaggerate China’s regional actions will help guide the U.S.-China relationship to unparalleled heights.

我们要注意中国丰富的历史和愿望，同时不忽略也不夸大中国的地区行动，这将有助于中美关系走向新高度。


-------------译者：理性讨论-审核者：罗三------------

Avery_23 R26; 7 hours ago
China has learned to distrust foreigners especially after the Opium War Opium War II 8 Nation Alliance etc. etc. etc. Guess who were being belligerent on China in those wars

 中国已经不再相信外国人，特别是第一、二次鸦片战争，八国联军侵华战争等等等之后。猜猜在这些针对中国的战争中谁最积极？

longlance R26; 13 hours ago
The mighty Dragon is ascendant even as the flaccid Eagle flaps & falters. Go Team China!

 巨龙已经苏醒，与此同时迟缓的老鹰在蹒跚的拍打着翅膀。 加油中国！

PALILLOS  longlance R26; 5 hours ago
Mutual benefit and win win for both and rest of world. Let's go.
(be careful there are many rats on the street).

双方合作共赢对彼此和世界都有好处，加油。
（小心街上的那些老鼠）

-------------译者：magicqueen99-审核者：罗三------------

Tony Gambino  longlance R26; 8 hours ago
F U. And get the F out of the US and/or US websites. China is hurting big time. Anything good in China has been because of the US. Chinese wear American clothes sit at starbucks using western technology and western cars wearing t-shirts with English names on them. Wannabe Americans. Nothing good in China really comes from the Chinese themselves. That's your team China for you.

靠。尼玛滚出美国，滚出美国网站！中国是超级大混蛋。中国所有好东西都得益于美国。中国人穿着美国产的衣服，坐在星巴克里，用着西方技术，开着西方发明的汽车，穿着印了英文名字的T恤。梦想变成美国人。中国的好东西没有一样是他们自己发明制造的。这就是你们队友中国的真面目。
 
i4s  Tony Gambino R26; 6 hours ago
Relax it'll be good for your health.

放松点，这样对你健康有好处。 
 
Tony Gambino  i4s R26; 26 minutes ago
Why relax when you have commies in this country? Foolish to relax. And my health is great. Blood pressure is 120 over 80. Doc says I'm healthier than people 20 years my junior. Just ran a marathon and did the swim to alcatraz.

如果这个国家有共产党，你为什么要放松呢？放松是愚蠢的。我很健康。血压是120/80。医生说我比那些小我20岁的人都要健康。我刚跑了一次马拉松，还游到了恶魔岛。
（我去，这个疯子发了三段胡言乱语，还跟自己对话。。。。。。）

-------------译者：demoncrafacy-审核者：罗三------------

Mississauga_Dad R26; 11 hours ago
We should be a lot more than simply 'concerned' about Chinese economic activities. We should be terrified and be actively fighting back. Make no mistake - the Chinese have only ONE goal - total economic (and hence political and social) domination of the world. They will stop at nothing to achieve this goal. Their internal economy is in many ways a fraud - prices set and regulated at both supplier and purchaser ends by the government; a banking system controlled by the government and reporting to nobody but the government; a total lack of any real 'private' companies; massive infrastructure projects bankrolled by a fraudulent non- market responsive currency; a housing industry which is booming because of millions of totally empty high rise apartment buildings being built all over the country; a labour pool provided by hundreds of millions of poorly paid workers who are little better than slaves; a total lack of regard for any environmental standards that the western world embraces. Let's not fool ourselves - China may be Communist with a nice face presented to the outside world but it is first and foremost Communist and its prime goal is always and will always be to extend its Communist domination over the rest of the world.

我们仅仅只关注中国的经济活动，我们应该感到恐惧并积极反攻。不要搞错，中国只有一个目标，在经济上驾驭全球（同时在政治和社会上）他们不达目的不罢休。他们的国内经济就是个假象，供应销售价格终究由政府定价，不许向任何人汇报的政府控制下的银行制度，完全缺乏任何真正的私有经济，欺诈的非市场汇率下的货币支撑着大型基建建设，蓬勃发展的全国上万的无人居住的房产业，成百上千比奴隶收入高点的低收入劳动力，完全不顾西方世界拥抱的环境标准。我们不要自欺欺人了，中国只是对外伪装成看起来不错的共产社会，他第一和最初的目标一直是扩展对全世界的共产统治。    （这个回帖的家伙看起来像是加拿大东部的井蛙）。

-------------译者：demoncrafacy-审核者：罗三------------

Clintoncrat_for_Palin R26; 13 hours ago
Representative Stearns is an idiot on this topic. I don't care if he's a Republican. He is a typical soft-on-China establishment-Republican. Why are we even talking about ancient Chinese history? That China is gone. Dead. The Communists killed it. What you have is a generational blood-lusting giant zombie. This is how bad China is: Donald Trump doesn't even like China. Besides bad things to say about say Vladimir Putin and Saddam Hussein; The Donald has some good things to say about Vladimir Putin and Saddam Hussein. But even The Donald doesn't have anything good to say about China. It's not even that we want to be hegemons: we don't care if the United Kingdom is as strong as we are. We don't care if the European unx is as strong as we are. But Communist Russia and Communist China are a different thing: they're out to get us and the reason we lose lose lose to them is because: Barack Hussein can't even bring himself to call the enemy for what it is. PUMA.

众议员Stearns 在这个话题上就是个笨蛋。我不在乎他是不是个共和党人，他对中国就是个典型的软蛋。为啥我们要去谈中国的历史？古代中国已死，共产党灭了他。现在的中国就是个世代嗜血的大僵尸，中国就这么坏。床破甚至不喜欢中国，此外还有普京和萨达姆。床破对普京和萨达姆还有些好话，但对中国一点也没有。这不是我们想成为霸权，我们不管阴国甚至欧盟是不是和我们一样强大，但共产俄国和中国是完全另一回事，他们想干我们，为什么我们总是输给他们是因为奥巴马不把他们当敌人。

-------------译者：demoncrafacy-审核者：罗三------------

D1  Clintoncrat_for_Palin R26; 13 hours ago
The point of this piece which you obviously missed is how China views itself. Try re-reading for comprehension and then think about how America views itself.

 中国如何审视自身，这正是你明显没能明白的这篇文章的主旨的地方。试着重新阅读理解再想想美国怎么反省自身的。
 
Clintoncrat_for_Palin  D1 R26; 2 hours ago
And this piece is wrong! The Communist leaders are like Hillary Clinton: all they care about is money. They're like Mafia wise-guys: they're all about money; if there isn't money to be embezzled out of it they wouldn't do it. Like Hillary Clinton gave classified upxes on the status of secret behind the scenes negotiations on the Greek bailout to her son-in-law because he is a hedge-fund trader and he was trading on the Greek bailout. That's what these people are about and that is only what they are about. Anyone who says China's insecurities are based on some ancient history Confuscian ching chong is: wrong. Make America Great Again. PUMA.

这篇文章错了！共产党领导人就像是拉稀里 克林顿，他们只在乎钱。他们就像黑手党那样的人，全部都是关于钱。没钱可贪他们才不会干呢。就像拉稀里 克林顿幕后给予她的那个做期货基金贸易并在希腊紧急融资协商上的获利的女婿的机密。他们就是这样的人，干些这样的事。说中国的不安全感是建立在其古代历史上的人都是错的。让美国再次伟大。

-------------译者：magicqueen99-审核者：罗三------------

BOYBAWANG24 R26; 10 hours ago
1+1=2
Chinese+thieves=?
1+1=2

中国人+小偷=？

badass R26; 9 hours ago
99% of the Chinese people are brainwashed simply because they don't dare say anything different than their boss communist party.
that's why they'll be our enemy forever. they're also playing the Russian card with us.
we USA should let Japanese take care the Asian problems.

99%的中国人都被洗脑了，因为他们不敢说任何跟他们的共产党老板不同的话。
这就是为什么他们会永远是我们的敌人。他们对我们打俄罗斯的牌。
我们大美利坚应该让日本来管理亚洲事务。 

Richard  badass R26; 5 hours ago
I think most of Chinese are much smart than you.

我认为绝大部分中国人比你们聪明多了。 
 
i4s  badass R26; 6 hours ago
Pathetic

可怜啊