非洲移民：中国生活并非他们所被允诺的那样 [美国媒体]

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They did not know very much about China but they had heard it was the world’s second-largest economy and Africa’s leading trading partner so they assumed there must be opportunity. Europe of course was their first choice but with European unx countries overwhelmed by migrants and cracking down on smugglers China would have to do. Through a series of interviews and letters obtained by researchers these Gambian migrants explained how they were lured by deceptive visa brokers who charged them a small fortune to pay for the long journey from Banjul to Guangzhou.

这些非洲移民者对中国的了解并不多，但是他们清楚中国是世界上第二大经济体，同时也是非洲贸易伙伴的引领者，因此他们设想一定会有更多的机会。通常欧洲会是他们的第一选择，但是欧盟各国内移民者的拥挤不堪和走私者的暴力冲突使他们不得不考虑中国。通过研究者一系列的的访谈记录，我们可以看到这些冈比亚移民者描述了他们如何被那些签证经纪人骗子怂恿，支付少量的保证金从而走上从班珠尔（冈比亚首都）到广州的漫长路途。

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The brokers told them it would be easy to find work and make thousands of dollars to send back to their families in Gambia. With few other viable options at home these men and they were all men discovered almost immediately upon arrival in Guangzhou they had been lied to and they had made a dreadful mistake. Contrary to what they were led to believe work was very hard to come by particularly in a country where they could not speak the language. The high cost of living in China’s major cities also quickly drained the little money they came with. Soon these migrants would be alone and destitute with no work no money and the shame of having to admit to their families that they had failed. 

这些经纪人告诉他们，在这会很容易找到工作，能为他们远在冈比亚的家人挣到成千上万的美刀，而在家乡，他们不会有更好的选择。但是大部分人几乎一到广州就会立刻意识到自己被骗了，他们犯了一个糟糕的错误。与认知相反的是，这里的工作非常困难，尤其是在一个言语不通的国家。中国大城市的高生活开销很快的榨干了他们带来的那点少的可怜钱。很快这些移民者就变成了没有工作，没有钱，无人理会的穷人，而对于失败，他们又羞于对家人启齿。


An African man walks up a foot bridge in the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou in Guangdong province.

在广东省广州市（中国南部城市），一个非洲人正走上天桥。

China for its part does not make it easy for African migrants. After years of lax enforcement Chinese authorities are now regularly conducting immigration checks in migrant communities and detaining those who have overstayed their visas. African migrants also report considerable difficulties assimilating into Chinese society due to widespread discrimination against black people.

中国的部分情况并不利于非洲移民者。在经历了很多年的执法不严之后，中国的有关部门现在定期的在移民区域开展移民检查，甚至拘留那些签证过期的滞留者。非洲移民们也声称由于对黑人的广泛歧视，他们有相当大的困难融入中国的社会群体。

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Now more and more Gambian migrants are giving up on their “Chinese Dream” and doing whatever they can to head home. This new trend of reverse migration from China is also known as “U-turning” and was recently documented by a pair of European scholars as part of an independent online multimedia research project. Dr. Heidi Østbø Haugen of the University of Oslo and Manon Diederich a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Cologne in Germany interviewed dozens of Gambian migrants to document their stories and learn more about the difficulties they faced both at home and in China. Haugen and Diederich join Eric & Cobus ― in the podcast above ― to discuss their digital project “U-Turn Asia.”

如今越来越多的冈比亚移民放弃了他们的“中国梦”，并且想尽一切办法回到家乡。这种发生在中国的移民回流的新趋势被称为“U形迁移”，最近这一现象被两位欧洲学者记录下来，成为一个独立的线上多媒体研究项目的一部分。奥斯陆大学的Heidi Østbø Haugen博士以及德国科隆大学的在读博士生Manon Diederich，两人采访了许多冈比亚移民来记录他们的故事，并更深入地了解移民们在家乡以及中国所面对的困难。Haugen和Diederich参加了Eric & Cobus（播客链接在上方，龙腾网友不用找了没有）来讨论他们的线上项目“亚洲的U型迁移”。

What do you think? Are you sympathetic to the plight of these migrants or do you think they were naive and should have known about the challenges of life in China before embarking on this long risky journey?

你怎么看待这件事？你对这些身处困境的移民感到同情吗？或是认为他们太天真，在踏上这场漫长且风险极高的旅途前，本应了解到生活在中国所面临的诸多挑战？


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Whitney Young · Office Support Assistant at George Washington University · Aug 10 2016 7:00am 
I am sympathetic to these migrants really to any migrant who is simply trying to find a place to work and live a decent life. If African migrants can't assimilate into chinese society due to racism or language/cultural barriers maybe these African countries should rethink their business arrangements with China and their immigration policy which allows massive amounts of Chinese into their country. Trade and other business arrangements need to be mutually benefical if it is not then the arrangments needs to be corrected.

同情这些移民，他们仅仅是想寻找一个地方，有工作干，体面地生活。如果非洲移民因种族歧视或语言文化阻碍不能参与到中国社会，也许这些非洲国家应该重新思考他们与中国的商业合作模式以及允许大量中国人进入他们国家的移民政策。 贸易和其他商业协约需要使双方都受益，否则这些协议需要纠正。

River Birch · Aug 10 2016 7:17am
"Through a series of interviews and letters obtained by researchers these Gambian migrants explained how they were lured by deceptive visa brokers who charged them a small fortune to pay for the long journey from Banjul to Guangzhou."

“通过研究者完成的一系列采访和获取的信件，这些冈比亚移民解释了他们如何被欺人的签证代办人欺骗，他们上交了一大笔钱财才千里迢迢地从班珠尔来到广州。

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Terrill Bell · Aug 10 2016 8:14am 
River Birch And the visa brokers were from which country?

River Birch和签证经纪人来自哪个国家？

Ivan Ranks · Miami Florida · Aug 10 2016 8:23am 
Whitney Young Correct.

Whitney Young 说得对。

Sham Own · Aug 10 2016 8:52am
So what you're suggesting Mr. Young is to use chinese people to colonize Africa?

所以你的意思是说Whitney Young利用中国人来殖民非洲？

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Bryan Pope · Guangzhou China · Aug 10 2016 11:09am 
Whitney Young I've lived in Guangzhou -the city in China with the largest African population in Asia - for 7 years. You're leaving out one variable in the whole "arrangement" between the two countries - corruption between certain parties that don't give a damn about anyone other than themselves...

回复惠特尼 杨：我已经住在广州，这个拥有亚洲最大非洲移民人口的城市七年了。在这所有的“预谋”中你忘记了一个不确定因素就是在这两个国家中某些政党的腐败，他们这些该死的只关心自己。

Oa Uil · No Comments · 23 hrs
Bryan Pope Arragement? You think China arranged to have these Africans come to China and live in Guangzhou? And you say you have been living in China for 7 years now? You probably need a bit more time.

回复布莱恩 蒲波：预谋？你认为中国预谋了让这些非洲人来到中国并且住在广东？还有你说你在中国已经住了7年？也许你需要呆的再久一点。

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Jennie Pc Chiang · Manager & Accountant at Aura Galaxy Co. Inc. · Aug 10 2016 8:31am +9
First I am sure Huffington Post being an American media outlet is very aware of the well-established institutionalized racial discrimination and atrocities against Blacks in their own country the great USA. This egregious American behavior is live and happening everyday even today. Second the US harbors and entertains very strong sentiments against immigration especially illegal immigration as evidence by prominent American leaders such as Obama and Trump. Immigration is clearly an undesirable problem in the EU and also in the Brexit politics.

首先，我确定赫芬顿邮报作为一个美国的媒体非常清楚，在他们伟大的国家——美国，存在着固化成惯例的针对黑人的种族歧视和暴行。这种令人震惊的美国现象是活生生并且每天发生的，即便此刻也在发生。其次，美国具有强烈的反移民情绪，尤其是非法移民，名声煊赫的美国领导人奥巴马和特朗普就是证据。移民问题在欧洲很明显是不受欢迎的问题，在英国脱欧这一政治问题中同样也是不受欢迎的。

So this article’s hidden agenda is a political attack against China. Of course China is rightful in their enforcement of its immigration laws as a sovereign country. Those who live in a glass house should be careful about recklessly tossing stones around.

R03;因此这篇文章隐藏的议题是针对中国的一次政治攻击。中国作为一个主权国家，执行本国关于移民的法律当然是正当合法的。那些住在玻璃小屋里的人应当小心周围毫无顾忌扔出的石头。

Further the article’s title says “what they were promised” but promised by whom? Did China make such a promise. The fact of the matter is that the Chinese economic and business environment is getting to be super competitive and evolving very fast especially in a global slowdown. Everyone has to adapt including the Chinese themselves. Immigration stay in any country is a privilege not an absolute entitlement.

此外，文章的标题说“他们所被许诺的”，但是，谁承诺他们了？中国做出这样一个承诺了吗？这个问题的真相是中国的经济和商业环境非常有竞争力并且发展十分迅速，尤其在全球经济放缓的背景下。所有人都必须学会适应这一点，包括中国人自己。移民待在一个国家是一种特殊的许可，而不是绝对的权利。

The author should at least out of the goodness of his heart seriously and actively pushed for these African migrants to come to the US or even the EU as a better solution.

至少出于善意来说，作者应当严肃地、积极地推动这些非洲移民前往美国甚至是欧洲作为他们更好的解决办法。

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Oa Uil · No Comments · Aug 10 2016 10:11am 
Very well said Jennie Chiang! 
This article and the rambling "podcast" got me wondering: are they arguing that China should NOT enforce its law against illegal economic immigration? Last time I checked EU and US have even tougher anti immigrant laws enforcement and attitudes. Apprarently these "scholars" have no issues with that. 
说得好，Jennie Chiang!

文章和“播客”让我心生疑问：他们在质疑中国不应该加强执法，打击非法经济移民吗？上次我核实了一下，欧盟和美国在反移民的执法力度和态度上更强硬。显然这些“学者们”对这些问题视而不见。

I also second your question about the title that says "what they were promised"; what promise? and by whom? 

我也支持你对“他们承诺”的质疑；什么承诺？谁给的承诺？

@ Heidi Nicole no sure what you are talking about. Repeated Google searches did not produce any evidence of mass illegal immigration from China to Africa. So do share your source to support your point of view.

@ Heidi Nicole 不知道你在说什么，谷歌的搜索结果不能作为中国向非洲非法移民的证据。你到底有没有证据来支持你的观点。

IF you are talking about the skilled Chinese workers sent by Chinese companies to work on projects in Africa they are temporary workers on valid work visas their presence sanctioned by local governments. They are not illegal immigrants looking for better lives in Africa. It is not the same thing so please don't get confused.

如果你所说的是中国公司派遣技术工人到非洲工作的话，那这些工人只有当地政府给与的临时的工作签证。他们不是为了生活的更好而非法移民过去。这是两码事，请不要搞混了。

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Wing Chung · Aug 11 2016 4:13am
Most Chinese from the country side can not make it in Shanghai Guangzhou what are the chances when you don't speak Chinese from Africa ? Please come to America the only place will give you free and housing if you are unempoly single mother with 5 kids while the 35% middle class work their as-s off to pay your medical bill - people like me. Welcome to America

好多来自中国农村的打工仔在上海和广州都找不到工作，对于那些语言不通的非洲人岂不是更难？请到美国来吧，那是唯一一个能给5个孩子的失业单身妈妈免提供费食物和住所的地方，并且有35%的像我一样中产阶级会用努力工作的收入为你支付医疗费。欢迎来美国。
Cyndee Weber · 18 hrs
Oh please give it rest.
省省吧

Christyl Rivers · Works at EarthworxAustralia · Aug 10 2016 12:33pm 
Some say it racism or religion or nationalism that creates suffering. Those are just tools. From personal suffering to global destruction: Oppressing by domination of the 'other' is the #1 cause of suffering in this world.

有人说是种族主义、宗教、民族主义造成了这些苦难。这些只是工具而已。无论是个人的痛苦还是全球的毁灭：被别人控制压迫才是导致这些苦难的第一原因。