中国的累赘：鬼城、孤独的机场和荒凉的工厂 [美国媒体]

每人一小段，翻译我也行！
每日新素材，等你来认领！ http://www.ltaaa.com/translation/ 

-------------译者：jasonwoodlsj-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



When you drive the new expressway to the airport in the Chinese city of Luliang, you are as likely to come across a stray dog as another vehicle. When I recently drove it, a farmer was riding in a three-wheel flatbed truck and heading in the wrong direction. But it didn't matter. There was no oncoming traffic.

在中国城市吕梁当你开在前往机场的新高速路上， 你很有可能会像别人一样遭遇流浪狗。我最近开车的时候就遇到了一位驾驶三轮卡车逆向行驶的农民。但这些都不碍事，因为那里的车流量并不多。

That's because the city's $160 million airport, which opened in 2014 gets at most five flights a day and as few as three. Officials began building the airport when this coal town was still booming. Since then, though, global commodity prices have plunged as China's old industrial economy has sputtered. The airport has become a white elephant.

那是因为这座城市花费1.6亿美元建造的新机场在2014年开业之后每天只有多则五个航班，少则三个航班。政府是在这座煤城生意还十分红火的时候开始建造的。然而，自那以后，全球商品价格开始急剧下跌，中国的就工业也开始没落。而现在这座机场却成为了无人问津的空中楼阁。

-------------译者：jasonwoodlsj-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



"Because this place is economically backward, the flow of passengers is small," says Wu Dexi, a local corn and tomato farmer who brought his 78-year-old mother to the empty terminal because she wanted to see an airplane for the first time. "People's income is too low, they can't afford this."

当地一个种玉米和土豆的农民吴德喜说道：“因为这个地方的经济落后了，所以客流量也变得很小”，原本他带着自己78岁高龄的老母亲来到这空荡荡的航站楼是想要生平第一次见见飞机的。人们的收入太低了，坐不起飞机

No country has built so many roads, bridges and airports as quickly as China. Many projects, including the nation's remarkable high-speed rail network, have had big benefits.

世界上除了中国没有别的国家如此迅速的建造了这么多的道路、桥梁和机场，包括中国举世瞩目的高铁网络在内的很多工程都带来了巨大的好处。




-------------译者：jasonwoodlsj-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

fatbiker • 15 hours ago
Contrary to some of the comments below, this is not a failure of capitalism. These projects were conceived and funded by the central government. This is a failure of a command economy.

我不同意下面很多评论所说的，这不是资本主义的失败。这些工程是被中央政府提出和建立的，这应该是计划经济的失败。

Dogtor Obvious  fatbiker • 15 hours ago
The reality is a bit more complex than pointing to any project and claiming it is purely a failure of capitalism or of a centrally directed economy. The reality in China is a complicated and ever evolving mixture of both. And one really has to question how centrally directed the economy here is. The central government issues a lot of directives, but the provinces and municipalities don't always follow as precisely as the bureaucrats in Beijing might like.

相对于指出到底纯粹是资本主义的失败还是计划经济的失败而言真相是个更加复杂的问题。事实上，中国是个两者混合而成的复杂经济。并且有人已经指出这是怎样的一个计划经济。中央政府发出很多指令，而省份和基层政府并不总是完全遵循北京掌权者的想法。

But to be honest, the real economic boom in China began when several years after Mao's collectivisation of everything and the ridiculous failure of the "Great Leap Forward" (where somewhere between 20 million and 80 million Chinese citizens - depending on who you talk to - starved to death), agricultural output doubled in 1 year - in one year - when farmers were told that anything they produced over quota they could keep for themselves to do with whatever they wanted. This is the raw power of economic freedom.

坦白说，中国实体经济在毛泽东的集体化和“大跃进”（导致了大概2000万到8000万的人死亡）失败之后进入了蓬勃发展，并且当农民可以完全保留自己的劳动所得后农业产出当年就翻番。这是自由经济的原生力量。

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Guido54  Dogtor Obvious • 14 hours ago
There is no denying that self interest is a great motivator.

毫无疑问自身权益是巨大的激励。

James Chamlies  Guido54 • 3 hours ago
The most effective motivator.

这是最有效的激励。

Nik Nak  Dogtor Obvious • 14 hours ago
Ant farm...... 

蚂蚁农场...

Robert Walther  Nik Nak • 13 hours ago
Paddy wak....

没看明白

ParadiseVolley  fatbiker • 9 hours ago
The boomtown phenomenon is not exclusive to command economies.

新兴都市并非计划经济独有的现象。

Popeye  fatbiker • 9 hours ago
I'd say it's an example of the inefficiency of corruption, which will corrode any type of economy.

必须得说这又是腐败导致的一个案例，腐败能够侵入任何经济。

Mark Lum  fatbiker • 12 hours ago
If that was the point of this story it failed miserably. Luliang, a city development failing because China DECREASED government corruption. "News flash! Government corruption now only way western capitalism can succeed!" That doesn't sound appealing to me.

如果这真是这篇文章的要旨，那就太失败了。吕梁的城市发展之所以失败，那是因为中国减少了政府的腐败。“号外号外！政治腐败是西方资本主义唯一成功的道路!”这可真是一点都不能吸引我。

-------------译者：jasonwoodlsj-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Art Aficionado  fatbiker • 13 hours ago
This is the consequence of Chinese Communists trying to morph into capitalists overnight. They need professional help.

这就是中国共产主义者想在一夜之间转变成资本主义者所会产生的后果。他们需要专业援助。

joe pet  Art Aficionado • 13 hours ago
You say you want a revolution??Could happen,like the fall of the Berlin wall.

你是说你想要来一场革命？？有可能会发生，就像柏林墙的倒塌。 

Megadeus Jones  Guest • 12 hours ago
I wouldn't dance on China's grave just yet. I think they have many years of stumbling ahead, but when they finally gain their footing, they will undoubtedly be a force to be reckoned with. 

我不想对中国幸灾乐祸。我想他们即将迎来一些年的困难地增长，但当他们最终夯实根基之后，将无疑成为不可忽视的一股力量。

Jeff Schmidt  fatbiker • 5 hours ago
Yup.
Someone working with their own money would be far more careful about planning and projection, and natural growth, than some bureaucrat who has lots of tax money to spend. 

对。人们画着自己的钱做计划和工程的时候会小心得很，而官僚花着充足的纳税人的钱的时候就不会这样了。

I mean, why does a distillery need a multi-million dollar fortress-like wall surrounding it? That seems like a rather pointless waste of money. What investor-owned distillery would spend money on a boondoggle like that?

为啥一座酒厂需要花数百万美金筑一道堡垒似的墙？这不是毫无意义的浪费么？又有哪座私人所有的酒厂会做出这样毫无价值的投资？

-------------译者：jasonwoodlsj-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

AndrewWebster2007  fatbiker • 11 hours ago
When the financial crisis hit the world due to some greed by the capitalist bankers on the wall street and wiped out the savings, capital from the poor and middle class and left millions unemployed and broke families ....was it because of capitalism or socialism or what is it?

在某些华尔街银行家的贪婪下发生了世界性的金融危机，导致穷人和中产阶级的存款和资本消失殆尽，也导致几百万人失业，导致家庭破产...这到底是资本主义的错还是社会主义的错？ 

There is no perfect system. You can see this world as a miracle everyday or you can see this life as utter nonsense. The same way when you see some people as good and some people as bad.... there lies the problem and you fall for the trap. 

就不存在完美的体系。你可以看到这个世界每天有奇迹发生也能看到一塌糊涂的人生。你同时看到好的和不好的.....确实存在问题，但是你却掉进了陷阱。

r m  AndrewWebster2007 • 9 hours ago
It was due to greedy Californians and their over priced homes, It was due to the federal gov guaranteeing the residential housing market and it was partly due to the Chinese buying all those fanny and freddy risk free MBSs.

这都是由于贪婪的加利福尼亚人和他们高估的房产和联邦政府作担保的房地产市场以及中国人买下了那么多房利美(Fannie Mae)与房地美(Freddie Mac)的无风险的抵押支持证券。

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George Kraynak  fatbiker • 12 hours ago
From above: "Within the 10 months since the last time I'd been there, people had been flooding into this area," by the author of Ghost Cities of China
"When a boom fueled by overbuilding infrastructure ends, you have excess capacity leftover. A consumer fueled boom leaves you with empty wrappers. Unchecked command-economy officials and unchecked greed is a bad combination. Unchecked capitalism and unchecked greed will also fail. Power tends to corrupt." - From Steve Beeman below.

From above：“在我最后一次去那里之后的10个月时间内，人们如潮水般涌入这个区域。”作者来自中国的鬼城。
史提夫比曼说过,“当一个通过过度基础建设推动的繁荣结束后，你就会有过剩产能。消费者推动的繁荣只能让你空有其表。官员们没有节制的经济权力和不受约束的贪婪是个坏组合。未加节制的资本主义和不受控制的贪婪也将失败。权力导致腐败。”

funbobby51  fatbiker • 6 hours ago
Indeed reading this my thought was " the wonders of central planning.."

读了这文章我的想法是“中央计划的奇迹..”

Al Koldzig  fatbiker • 8 hours ago
Capitalism is also guilty of overbuilding. 20 years ago Indianapolis was in a building boom due to a lack of apartments. Then for a few years they over corrected and there was a glut. Every building had huge banners advertising free rent for a month or three, etc etc.
It seemed to outgrow this after a few years. The cattle industry is another great example,, since there is about 2 years of lag from breeding to market. Agriculture economists have argued that you should sell replacement heifers when prices are good to shrink your herd, and keep them when everybody else is selling because there is a glut on the market. Periodic droughts of course make that hard for individual ranchers. The Florida housing market is another example. Capitalism is also repeatedly inefficient at adjusting when there is a lag time.

资本主义也有过热。20年前，印第安纳波利斯由于缺乏公寓就处在一个建筑热潮中。再过几年，他们过度纠正而且房屋过剩。每一个建筑都有巨大的横幅广告，上面写着免费租一个月或三个月，等等等等。
似乎就在几年后，牛业是另一个很好的例子，因为从育种到市场大概有两年的间隔。农业经济学家认为，当价钱好的时候，你要收缩你的羊群数量同时卖掉后备小母牛。当市场出现过热，每个人都有卖不出去的货品，这个时候你就得一直养着牛羊。当然，周期性的干旱使个体农场主的经营变得更加艰难。
佛罗里达州的住房市场是另一个例子。在调整滞后的时间时，资本主义的效率也在不断地变低。

-------------译者：_(:з-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Jeff Schmidt  Al Koldzig • 5 hours ago
As you sort of concede, yourself, in a capitalist system, the problems tend to self-correct in time. Yes, sometimes a bit of over-building can happen. No doubt about it. But, this quickly leads to supply gluts, which lead to either dramatic price drops, or inability to sell/lease product/property, at which point, privately owned, for profit companies act rationally and stop building additional supply. Some businesses may go out of business, and any property they have might be sold, and repurposed. For example, if there's too many apartment buildings, someone might buy up old apartment buildings and turn them into other types of businesses, or maybe a non-profit will turn them into homeless shelters, or what have you.

在资本主义制度中会进行某种程度的让步，所以这些问题会适时的得到自我纠正。是的，有时会发生过度建设的情况。这一点毫无疑问。但是，这很快导致供应过剩，供应过剩又会导致价格的急剧下降，或无法销售/租赁/产业和产品，在这一点上，私营企业往往能保持理性，停止制造多余的库存。一些企业可能会倒闭，任何财产都可能被出售和使用。例如，如果有太多的公寓楼，说不定有人会买旧公寓楼，并把它们变成其他类型的商业，或者一个非营利组织将他们变成无家可归者的收容所，诸如此类。

Whereas centrally planned economies will often, because they have tax-payer money to back them, just keep overbuilding until the problem has gotten WAY worse. It's very easy to spend someone else's money. . .

而中央计划经济国家往往会不停地过度建设，因为他们有纳税人的钱去支持他们，直到问题已经变得更糟。花别人的钱总是不手软。 

Al Koldzig  Jeff Schmidt • 4 hours ago
I suppose when few people are involved with the decision process and the coffers are deep, stubbornness plays a larger role. Therefore the correction is likely to be slower.

我认为当只有个别几个人参与了决策过程而且资金充足，那么这些人一般都会变得很顽固。因此，修正很可能会慢一些。

Patrick Kelley  fatbiker • 12 hours ago
Agree - anyone who thinks this is a failure of capitalism has no understanding of how China's government works. Don't need knowledge to post thought...

同意 - 任何认为这是资本主义失败的人都并不了解中国政府是如何运作的。反正网上不需要拿出干货就能瞎说...

-------------译者：易燃易爆炸-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Jack Bertram  Patrick Kelley • 11 hours ago
Does Chinese government work?

中国政府在运转吗？

Shuami  Jack Bertram • 36 minutes ago
From a close-door post-Mao society to the second largest economy in the world, the Chinese government got to have something to do with it, doesn't it?

从一个闭关锁国毛泽东时代的社会到世界第二经济体，中国政府要做很多事，不是吗？

Jack Bertram  Shuami • 6 minutes ago
Would seem so
If it can maintain...

看上去是这样，如果它能一直保持......

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joe pet  Guest • 13 hours ago
Greed and hubris common to human nature!

贪婪和傲慢是人性的日常！

Shion Uzuki • 16 hours ago
This is not unlike parts of the US that had development projects in places where no one had any business doing so. You see those images on 20/20 or similar news programs where there's an entire subdivision of unfinished homes left to idle because the developer ran out of money (or more likely took it and ran), or some newly built theme park long abandoned due to a lack of visitors. Basically, this is capitalism, unchecked and unbridled, at its finest. 

这和美国的部分地区没有任何不同，在那些地方有开发项目，但都没有商业入驻。你可以看到这些图片在20/20或类似的新闻节目里出现，未完成家园的整个分区被闲置，因为开发商花光了钱（或者更有可能的是他们卷款逃跑了），或者一些新建成的主题公园因为缺乏游客而被弃。基本上来说，这就是未加限制的和放肆的资本主义。

(I see comments about China and Marxism and the like ... and yet everyone has already forgotten that the economic growth and development in China is due to capitalism ... it's the pairing of a capitalist economy and authoritarian governance that is at the heart of this on-going experiment)

（我看到有关中国和马克思主义之类的评论......然而所有人都已经忘记了经济增长和发展的中国是由于资本主义......一个资本主义经济和专制管治的搭配是这个进行中实验的心脏）

-------------译者：易燃易爆炸-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

TAXCPA  Shion Uzuki • 14 hours ago
These are not examples of capitalism gone awry. These are government projects: They are examples of failed central planning

这些并不是资本主义的错误。这些是政府项目：它们是失败的中央计划经济实例。

Leigh Colby  TAXCPA • 13 hours ago
You are absolutely correct in concluding that this is the result of central planning by big government. It is not a leap of faith to take this one step further and compare China to the failed central planning of the Soviet Union and soon-to-fail central planning of the US Federal government regarding its entitlement programs. After all is said and done, the only difference between the U.S. and other two is that the U.S. has not run out of money...yet. When it does, what will be the difference?

你将这种情况归结为中央大政府实行计划经济的想法完全正确。比较中国和前苏联已经失败的计划经济以及正要失败的美国关于福利的中央计划，中央计划不再是万灵药的想法更加深入人心。总的来说，美国和其他二者之间唯一的区别是，美国还没有用完钱...如果用完的话，它们三者还有什么区别呢？

Jonathon Struve  Leigh Colby • 12 hours ago
Actually, the real comparison is corporate entitlement in the US, where governments throw millions of dollars in tax breaks and free infrastructure on the speculation that a company will create jobs. This is gambling with money. And, where providing support to citizens to meet basic needs is a responsibility of any civilized society, government funding to corporate profit and gambling on the market is not an appropriate use of government money, at least in the scale and scope with which it is being done.

事实上，真正的对照是企业的权利，在美国，政府抛出数百万美元进行税收减免和投资免费的基础建设给那些有可能创造工作岗位的公司。这就是金钱的赌博。与此同时，它提供给人们援助以满足他们的基础生活所需，这是任何文明社会的责任。政府对企业的援助以及在市场中的赌博行为都不是使用政府资金的合适方式，至少以目前的规模和范围而言。

TAXCPA  Leigh Colby • 13 hours ago
there is a difference between the failed soviet state and china and the US and that is that the state does not control industry. government will always feed on the those that produce it just needs to make sure no to kill the host

失败的苏联和中国和美国之间的差异在于美国不控制行业。政府靠企业为生，要确保不杀死宿主。 

Art Aficionado  TAXCPA • 9 hours ago
This is why America established States Rights.

这就是美国确立国家权利的原因所在。