quora：中国是一个民族型国家，还是一个文明型国家？ [美国媒体]

Is China a nation-state?

中国是一个民族型国家，还是一个文明型国家？



1.    John N. Mandalakas, student of languages - both human and computer
Updated Apr 6, 2015
I would say no. Nation-state implies thatthe state and the nation are the same, but China has hundreds/thousands ofethnicity, languages, and cultures (nations) living under the rule of onegovernment (state). Consider that Cantonese and Mandarin are both widely spokenin China; 'Chinese' is not even a language, but rather a family of languages.Don't forget about the Uighurs, Tibetans, etc. However, the government andmajority ethnicity are Han, and there is a prescribed language (Mandarin) andculture (again, Han) so an argument could be made that the state of China isdesigned as a nation-state.

我的答案是中国不是民族国家。民族国家的意思是民族和国家是一样的（译者注：民族国家是单一民族占社会人口绝大多数，以民族主义精神团结社会。文明国家是以一个核心文明团结国境内各民族的人口，赞同这个文明理念的就是同胞，反对这个理念的就是外族）。但是中国有成百上千种的民族，语言以及文化，他们生活在同一个体制之下。普通话和粤语在中国都被广泛的使用。但是他们并不是一种语言，它们是属于不同的分支。汉语甚至都不是一种语言，它是一个语系。中国的民族也有很多。比如藏族，维族等。然而，ZF和多数民族都是汉族人。她们有一种规范的语言，那就是普通话。他们拥有着共同的汉文化。所以，有的时候，会产生中国是否是一个民族国家的争论。

2.    Ray Comeau, A decade in China, interest in geopolitics
Answered May 18, 2016
Yes China is a nation-state. 90% of thepeople are Han Chinese, despite there being 50+ recognized ethnic minorities(tribes) within the country. The largest minority is the Zhuang living in thesouth under 20 million people. Most folks follow either confucianism, buddhism,or Taoism. There is one common written language and a long common history.

是的，中国是一个民族国家。中国有90%的人口都是汉族人。当然也有50多个民族是被认可的。最大的民族是生活在南方的壮族。他们大多数也信奉儒家，佛教和道教。他们有着共同的书写语言。在漫长的历史阶段，他们也经历了共同的历史过程。

3.    Joseph Boyle
Answered Oct 8, 2013
The European state system dates fromWestphalia, while popular mobilization to support European states dates fromthe French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, followed by the 1848 revolutions andromantic nationalism spreading to every small ethnicity in Europe. ModernChinese nationalism dates from the first efforts at modernization and Westernstudies around 1900. At first this was a small elite, and the masses were notinvolved, as famously portrayed by Lu Xun. Today after a century ofmodernization spreading from the initial tiny elite, China is a textbookexample of a nation-state.

欧洲的民族国家体系可以追溯到威斯特伐利亚条约。而欧洲国家的动员制度可以追溯到法国大革命和拿破仑战争时期。接着是1848年的欧洲革命。民族主义开始崛起，这股思潮传遍了欧洲所有的民族。现代中国的民族主义始于1900前后。最开始那只是一小撮精英的意识，群众并没有参与到其中去。鲁迅先生在他的书中曾经有过描述。今天，经过一个世纪的现代化，这股思潮已经蔓延开来，现在中国是一个典型的民族国家。

4.    Glenn Lee, history buff
Answered Nov 1, 2016
No, China in more than a nation-state. Dueto it’s long uninterrupted history and it’s population being mostly of the Hanethnic group China is a civilization-state. China is first a civilization, acivilization of the Han people. The Han people gain sovereignty and the Hancivilization become a civilization-state.

不，中国并非仅仅是一个民族国家。中国历史很悠久，中国的人口主要是汉族。中国首先是一个文明，是一个汉族的文明，汉族成了国家的主导民族。中国是一个以汉文明为主体形成的文明型国家。

5.    Hu Jinqin
Answered Sep 22, 2017
Yes but it is also an empire. There aremany nationalities specifically mentioned by the Chinese government as existingin China’s borders. China is a nation-state because it as a population thatself-identifies as Chinese nationals, but it could also mean controllingterritory and populations that prefer to be known otherwise.Furthermore thename China means many things to many people. But this question was asked in thepolitics of China section.

中国是一个民族国家。但是，中国也是一个帝国。中国的ZF已经鉴定了很多中国境内的少数民族。中国是一个单一民族国家。因为所有的人都认为自己是属于中华民族。这也意味着中国倾向于去与那些与他们文化接近的民族产生联系。此外，对于很多人来说，“中国”这个名字意味着很多的内容。但是，具体的内涵往往是政治学讨论的内容。

6.    Paul Denlinger, US_2016 = Germany_1933
Answered Oct 8, 2013
Yes, but it's also a culture and language.And it was a culture and language long before it became defined as anation-state. This is why many Chinese identify more with the language andculture than with the nation-state. For practical purposes, there are threeChinese "states": the PRC, Hong Kong and Taiwan, although the vastmajority of the world's nations recognize only Beijing as representing all ofChina. This does not include many of the nations of SE Asia which have largeChinese populations. It's worth remembering that the nation-state is a westernconstruct which came into being after the Treaty of Westphalia and that manycultures and nations still have not come to accept it, especially countries inthe Middle East, Asia and Africa.

是的，中国是一个民族国家。但是，它也是一种语言和文化。在民族国家出现之前的很长一段时间，作为一种语言和文化的传承者，中国这个概念已经被接受。这就是为何很多中国人的身份认同是以语言和文化为主，而不是以民族来进行区分。举例来说，大陆，香港，台湾。虽然中国大陆被认为是中国的代表。但是其实他们并没有包括东南亚地区，那里也有很多的华人。值得一提的是，民族国家是西方的一个概念，它是在威斯特伐利亚和约之后诞生的，许多文化和国家仍然没有接受它，尤其是中东、亚洲和非洲的国家。