为什么日本人在南京大屠杀期间杀害了那么多中国人 [美国媒体]

-------------译者：龙腾翻译总管-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------



Why didn't the Japanese stop after conquering the city? What was the purpose of the massacre？

为什么日本征服南京后不停止杀戮？南京大屠杀的目的是什么？


-------------译者：铁血夜幕-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Cheng.G Unemployed
Written Jul 12
According to what I know there were 2 direct reasons:
First is the Chinese military’s unorganized collapsing after their defence failure which caused JP military regarded lots of Chinese soldiers were mixed into civilians. And according to the order the JP military got was to kill all the POW during the capture. That’s why JP killed so many civilians and perhaps JP knew lots of them were civilians but just ignored it on purpose. The truth if was not ruined by JP should be held by US I guess.
Secondly you can get to know something about Battle of Shanghai which lasted more than 3months and was end one month before the massacre. That battle was tough and caused severe casualties on both sides. The massacre after that battle was regarded as a revenge.
To be a Chinese I think lots of people out of China will agree with me as well people should choose to fight or struggle if they their only had another being executed choice.
I would say I cannot agree with someone’s nationalist views in China nowadays just because we were invaded by JP and experienced that terrible stuff. But those factors really impact China and Japan’s relationship compared to that of Germany and France.

失业的程哥
写于7月12日
据我所知有两个直接的原因：
首先是中国军队在城市的防御战争失败后，陷入崩溃，导致日本军方认为许多中国士兵混杂在平民当中。日本军方下达的命令是在占领期间杀死所有的战俘，这就是为什么日军杀死了这么多平民，也许日军知道其中很多都是真正的平民，但是他们故意忽略了这个问题，事实到底如何，相关的材料如果没有被日军彻底摧毁的话，那么我猜可能在美国人手上。
其次，你可以了解一下，大屠杀开始前的一个月，刚刚结束了持续三个月的上海战役。这场战役是残酷的，造成中日双方的严重伤亡，日军战后的屠杀被视为报复。
作为一个中国人，我认为很多外国人会同意我观点，那就是，如果那些被屠杀的人还有另一次选择的机会的话，他们应该会选择继续战斗或斗争，而不是束手就擒。
虽然我们被日本入侵并遭受了那么可怕的事情，但是我并不认同如今某些中国人的民族主义观点。但是相比于法德之间，这些因素确实影响了中日关系。

 -------------译者：lasereyes-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Jimmy Ricardo Rosano Keesee US Citizen Living and Investing in Sichuan China.
Written Jul 7
Simply put the Japanese did what they did for 2 reasons.

让日本人做了这些事情的原因有两个

First was that feed prisoner took efforts from the war efforts. They were efficient and ruthless. The lack of respect for Chinese life made that decision easier.

首先，养活战俘会拖累打仗。他们无情而又高效。对中国人的生命缺乏尊重让他们做出这个决定很容易。

The second was propaganda. They wanted to discourage resistance from other Cities as the worked their way though China. This wan’’t exclusive to the Japanese. Many dynasties in China’s history did much the same including Qin Yuan (Genghis Khan and his heirs) etc.

第二点是因为宣传。他们想瓦解其他城市的抵抗意志，杀一儆百。这个不是日本人独有的做法。中国历史上很多王朝都做了类似的事，比如秦、元（成吉思汗和他的子孙）等等。

They way they went about those monstrosities however was appalling. They tortured experimented and sadistically abused many before killing them.

然而无论如何这些禽兽的做法都是骇人听闻的。他们在杀人之前拷打、活体实验并且残忍的虐待了很多人。

-------------译者：大汉故土-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Stanley Okimoto History fanatic
upxed Jul 22
There’s a more deep-rooted reason why the Japanese committed atrocities like the Nanjing Massacre that goes beyond politics. I’m Japanese and sad to say the Japanese are very racist. Before the war the racism had its origins in Shintoism Bushido xenophobia and isolationism.

除了政治因素以外、还有更深层次的原因导致日本人犯下如此滔天罪行，比如南京大屠杀。我是日本人，我很遗憾的说，日本人都是极端种猪主义者。战争之前，日本的种猪主义起源于日本的神道教，武士道，排外主义以及孤立主义。

Not so much Japanese-Americans since we live in a very ethnically diverse country and have a totally different mindset. As a 3rd gen Japanese-American I share the same ethnicity but my principles and values are totally American with a completely different viewpoint and outlook. Post-war Japan has also become more westernized but the racism still exists.

而日裔美国人这样的人很少，因为我们生活在一个多元文化的国家，因此，思维模式完全不同。作为一个第三代日裔美国人，虽然（跟日本人）有相同的民族，但是我的原则和价值观完全是美式的。所以观点和看法完全不一样。战后，日本虽然变得很西方化，但是种族主义仍然存在。

The Japanese soldiers who committed the atrocities at Nanjing Bataan etc. contrasts sharply with the Japanese-American soldiers of the 442nd who fought in Europe! The Japanese soldiers grew up on samurai bushido and Shintoism. It was ingrained in them that they were superior and to look down on everyone else. While the Japanese-American soldiers grew up on Abraham Lincoln Babe Ruth Betty Grable and apple pies.

日本士兵在南京、巴丹半岛等地犯下滔天罪孽，而在欧洲为盟军作战的442团的日裔美国人却与此形成了鲜明的对比。日本士兵在武士道神道教影响下长大，他们根深蒂固的认为，他们比其他人（种）高级，看不起其他人（种）。而日裔美国士兵却是在亚拉伯翰林肯、鲁斯贝蒂、嘉宝和苹果派的影响下长大。

The Japanese considered everyone else as sub-human which is why they used the Chinese and captured Allied soldiers as guinea pigs in medical experiments. Unfortunately because America didn’t want the Soviets to divide Japan like Germany after the war many Japanese war criminals were given a free pass—this has contributed to Japanese denial of war crimes.

日本人认为其他种族都是次等人，所以才会把中国人以及被俘虏的盟军士兵当豚鼠一样拿来做医学实验。遗憾的是，美国不想让苏联把日本变成德国那样，所以战后，许多日本战犯没有被绳之以法-这也导致后来日本人拒绝承认其战争罪行。

The nature vs. nurture debate is the scientific cultural and philosophical debate about whether human culture behavior and personality are caused primarily by nature or nurture. Nature is often defined in this debate as genetic or hormone-based behaviors while nurture is most commonly defined as environment and experience. I lean more towards the nurture team. The Japanese-American soldiers shared the same genes as their counterparts in Japan but they grew up in a totally different environment with disparate influences and development. If they had been at Nanjing they would have tried to stop the massacre!

关于人类的文化行为和个性到底是受先天的影响还是后天的影响一直存在争论。先天被定义为遗传的或基于荷尔蒙的一些表现，而后天被定义为环境和经历。而我更倾向于后天的理论。日裔美军与他们的日本同行都是同族，但是他们在完全不一样的环境中长大，所受（环境） 影响也根本不同。如果他们（日裔美军） 当时在南京，他们一定会阻止大屠杀的发生。

I don’t speak Japanese so if I traveled to Japan I would face a more subtle form of prejudice—they would call me gaijin!

我不会日语，如果我去日本旅游，我会碰到一种更微妙的歧视，他们会称呼我：外人。

-------------译者：龙腾翻译总管-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

Etienne Patton I've seen the future in Shinjuku
Written Feb 27
The previous answer has addressed the primary reason.
In addition the political situation in Japan veered to the militarist right in the 1920's. Any attempts at liberal democracy were quashed by a succession of political assassinations by junior army officers. This elite corps of junior officers were often part of secret right-wing societies. Fear of their power grew and this extended to Senior Officers fearing assassination by junior officers. A weak command level did not have the will to "reign in" the lower levels.
So in this case the lower ranks went on a rampage without much fear of discipline from higher up. That is not to say there was no discipline in the IJA but in realterms it was decided jy junior officers and their NCO's.

前面那个回答说明了主要原因。
此外，日本的政治局势导致日本在1920年代转向右翼军国主义。所有的自由主义民主努力都被初级军官所发起的一系列政治暗杀所破坏。这些初级军官精英部队通常是秘密的右翼团体的一部分。对他们势力的担忧日益增加，导致高级军官害怕被初级军官刺杀。所以软弱的上层军官没有意愿去管理这些低级军官。
所以这些低级军官继续有恃无恐，不用担心高级军官对他们的惩罚。这并不是说大日本帝国陆军没有纪律，而是说实际上这些纪律由初级军官及其军士决定。

-------------译者：Hairinho-审核者：龙腾翻译总管------------

SP Shetty History Lover
Written Jul 7
The Japanese felt superior to rest of the nationalities around them..in case of the Nanking masscare the Japanese army considered Chinese people as "chimps"-not humanthis might sound disgusting in today's times it was the accepted notion among Japanese imperialists during the war there were two Japanese officers who got into a competition of killing the highest number of civilians they beheaded 100 plus Chinese and only stopped when they couldn't find more Chinesethe racial superiority the Japanese felt over Chinese was reason for the massacre.

日本人认为相比于周边国家的民族，自己更加优秀。倘若在南京大屠杀中，日本军队把中国人视作“猩猩”而非人类在今天可能听起来让人不能接受；但这种观点在战时日本军国主义者眼中却是被接受的。当时有两个日本军官比赛谁杀的中国人最多，他们砍下了100多个中国人的头颅，，直到他们找不到其他的中国人时才停下来。日本人对于中国人的自身的优越感才是南京大屠杀发生的原因。